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Information and Communication Technologies For Development (ICT4D)

ICT4D refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.

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Sajib Roy
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23 views3 pages

Information and Communication Technologies For Development (ICT4D)

ICT4D refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.

Uploaded by

Sajib Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to

the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) toward social,


economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and
marginalized people and communities. It aims to help in international development
by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable access to technologies. ICT4D
is grounded in the notions of "development", "growth", "progress" and
"globalization" and is often interpreted as the use of technology to deliver a greater
good. Another similar term used in the literature is "digital development". ICT4D
draws on theories and frameworks from many disciplines, including sociology,
economics, development studies, library and information science, and communication
studies.

Interpolation predicts values for cells in a raster from a limited number of sample
data points. It can be used to predict unknown values for any geographic point data,
such as elevation, rainfall, chemical concentrations, noise levels, and so on.

The available interpolation methods are listed below:

IDW

The IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) tool uses a method of interpolation that
estimates cell values by averaging the values of sample data points in the
neighborhood of each processing cell. The closer a point is to the center of the cell
being estimated, the more influence, or weight, it has in the averaging process.

Kriging

Kriging is an advanced geostatistical procedure that generates an estimated surface


from a scattered set of points with z-values. More so than other interpolation
methods, a thorough investigation of the spatial behavior of the phenomenon
represented by the z-values should be done before you select the best estimation
method for generating the output surface.
Natural neighbour

Natural Neighbor interpolation finds the closest subset of input samples to a query
point and applies weights to them based on proportionate areas to interpolate a value
(Sibson, 1981). It is also known as Sibson or "area-stealing" interpolation.

Spline

The Spline tool uses an interpolation method that estimates values using a
mathematical function that minimizes overall surface curvature, resulting in a smooth
surface that passes exactly through the input points.

Spline with Barriers

The Spline with Barriers tool uses a method similar to the technique used in the
Spline tool, with the major difference being that this tool honors discontinuities
encoded in both the input barriers and the input point data.

Topo to Raster

The Topo to Raster and Topo to Raster by File tools use an interpolation technique
specifically designed to create a surface that more closely represents a natural
drainage surface and better preserves both ridgelines and stream networks from input
contour data.

The algorithm used is based on that of ANUDEM, developed by Hutchinson et al at


the Australian National University.

Trend
Trend is a global polynomial interpolation that fits a smooth surface defined by a
mathematical function (a polynomial) to the input sample points. The trend surface
changes gradually and captures coarse-scale patterns in the data.

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