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Input Outputnotes

The document discusses input/output (I/O) in Java using character streams and byte streams. It provides examples of reading from standard input and files using BufferedReader and FileReader. It also demonstrates writing to standard output and files using BufferedWriter and FileWriter. For byte streams, it shows an example of copying a file using FileInputStream and FileOutputStream to read and write bytes. Throughout, it emphasizes wrapping readers and writers in buffered versions for efficiency and closing files after use.

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53 views9 pages

Input Outputnotes

The document discusses input/output (I/O) in Java using character streams and byte streams. It provides examples of reading from standard input and files using BufferedReader and FileReader. It also demonstrates writing to standard output and files using BufferedWriter and FileWriter. For byte streams, it shows an example of copying a file using FileInputStream and FileOutputStream to read and write bytes. Throughout, it emphasizes wrapping readers and writers in buffered versions for efficiency and closing files after use.

Uploaded by

Athira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Input/Output in Java

Using Character Stream


Using BufferedReader class reading from standard input.
By wrapping the System.in (standard input stream) in
an InputStreamReader which is wrapped in a BufferedReader,
we can read input from the user in the command line. Here’s an
example:
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new
1
InputStreamReader(System.in));
2
System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
3
4 String name = reader.readLine();
5 System.out.println("Your name is: " + name);
In the above example, the readLine() method reads a line of text
from the command line.

//program reading a single character

import java.io.*;

public class ReadConsole {

public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {

InputStreamReader cin = null;

try {

cin = new InputStreamReader(System.in);


System.out.println("Enter characters, 'q' to quit.");

char c;

do {

c = (char) cin.read();

System.out.print(c);

} while(c != 'q');

}finally {

if (cin != null) {

cin.close();

Using BufferedWriter class writing to standard output.

try { BufferedWriter log = new


BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));

log.write("This will be printed on stdout!\n");


log.flush();
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Reading from a file using FileReader and BufferedReader.

import java.io.*;
public class Test {
public static void main(String [] args) {

// The name of the file to open.


String fileName = "temp.txt";

// This will reference one line at a time


String line = null;

try {
// FileReader reads text files in the def
ault encoding.
FileReader fileReader =
new FileReader(fileName);

// Always wrap FileReader in BufferedRead


er.
BufferedReader bufferedReader =
new BufferedReader(fileReader);

while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())
!= null) {
System.out.println(line);
}

// Always close files.


bufferedReader.close();
}
catch(FileNotFoundException ex) {
System.out.println(
"Unable to open file '" +
fileName + "'");
}
catch(IOException ex) {
System.out.println(
"Error reading file '"
+ fileName + "'");
// Or we could just do this:
// ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Writing to a file FileWriter and BufferedWriter


import java.io.*;

public class Test {


public static void main(String [] args) {

// The name of the file to open.


String fileName = "temp.txt";

try {
// Assume default encoding.
FileWriter fileWriter =
new FileWriter(fileName);
// Always wrap FileWriter in
BufferedWriter.
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter =
new BufferedWriter(fileWriter);

// Note that write() does not


automatically
// append a newline character.
bufferedWriter.write("Hello there,");
bufferedWriter.write(" here is some
text.");
bufferedWriter.newLine();
bufferedWriter.write("We are writing");
bufferedWriter.write(" the text to the
file.");

// Always close files.


bufferedWriter.close();
}
catch(IOException ex) {
System.out.println(
"Error writing to file '"
+ fileName + "'");
// Or we could just do this:
// ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Using Byte stream
Reading and Writing a file in Java using ‘Byte Streams’
Java provides a number of byte streams classes, all these classes are decedents from either
‘InputStream’ or ‘OutputStream’. In the example below we have used ‘FileInputStream’ and
‘FileOutputStream’ class.

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ByteStreamDemo {

public static void main(String args[]) throws


IOException {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;

try {
int data;
fileInputStream = new
FileInputStream("files/source.txt");
fileOutputStream = new
FileOutputStream("files/destination.txt");
while ((data = fileInputStream.read()) != -1) {
System.out.print(" " + data);
fileOutputStream.write(data);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null)
fileInputStream.close();
if (fileOutputStream != null)
fileOutputStream.close();
}
}
}

read() and write() functions are used here, read() returns a integer value equals to next byte in
the file and -1 if no more byte is left to read. The write() methods accepts a byte as parameter to
write.

Reading from standard input using stream classes


BufferedInputStream bf= new BufferedInputStream(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter characters, 'q' to quit.");
char c;
try{
do {
c = (char) bf.read();
System.out.print(c);
} while(c != 'q');
}catch(IOException e){System.out.println(e);}

Write to standard output using stream classes


BufferedInputStream bf= new BufferedInputStream(System.in);
BufferedOutputStream bf1= new
BufferedOutputStream(System.out);
System.out.println("Enter characters, 'q' to quit.");
char c;
try{
do {
c = (char) bf.read();
//System.out.print(c);
bf1.write(c);bf1.flush();
} while(c != 'q');
}catch(IOException e){System.out.println(e);}

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