Scribd
Upload
75 views

Lecture 4 PDF

The document discusses the structure of C++ programs. It defines what a program and statements are, and lists common statement types like declarations, assignments, and output statements. It explains that statements are organized into functions, with every C++ program requiring a main() function. The document provides a sample "Hello World" program as an example and requests the reader write additional programs to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and averaging numbers.

Uploaded by

Jim Demitriyev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
75 views

Lecture 4 PDF

The document discusses the structure of C++ programs. It defines what a program and statements are, and lists common statement types like declarations, assignments, and output statements. It explains that statements are organized into functions, with every C++ program requiring a main() function. The document provides a sample "Hello World" program as an example and requests the reader write additional programs to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and averaging numbers.

Uploaded by

Jim Demitriyev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

)1 – ‫حال‬201(‫ حاسب آلي‬: ‫المقـرر‬

Lecture # 4
STRUCTURE OF C++ PROGRAM
(Structure of a Program, Sample Programs)

2
)1 – ‫حال‬201(‫ حاسب آلي‬: ‫المقـرر‬

Structure of C++ Program


1. Program definition

A computer program is a sequence of instructions that tell the computer what


to do.

2. Statement

The most common type of instruction in a program is the statement.

Each Statements in C++ are terminated by a semicolon.

There are many different kinds of statements in C++. The following are some
of the most common types of simple statements:

1 int x;
2 x = 5;
3 cout << x;

int x is a declaration statement. It tells the compiler that x is a variable. All


variables in a program must be declared before they are used.

x = 5 is an assignment statement. It assigns a value (5) to a variable (x).


cout << x; is an output statement.

An expression is an mathematical entity that evaluates to a value. For


example, in math, the expression 2+3 evaluates to the value 5.

For example, the statement x = 2 + 3; is a valid assignment statement. The


expression 2+3 evaluates to the value of 5. This value of 5 is then assigned to
x.

1
)1 – ‫حال‬201(‫ حاسب آلي‬: ‫المقـرر‬

3. Functions

In C++, statements are typically grouped into units called functions. A


function is a collection of statements that executes sequentially. Every C++
program must contain a special function called main().

4. Taking a look at a sample program

Now that you have a brief understanding of what statements, functions are,
let’s look at a simple hello world program.

Consider our hello world program:

1) #include<iostream.h>
2) int main()
3) {
4) Cout<<"Hello World";
5) Return 0;
6) }

Line 1 is a special type of statement called a preprocessor directive.

Line 2 declares the main() function, which as you learned above, is


mandatory. Every program must have a main() function.

Lines 3 and 6 tell the compiler which lines are part of the main function.

Line 4 is our output statement

Line 5 is a new type of statement, called a return statement.

5. Comment

A comment is a line (or multiple lines) of text that are inserted into the source
code to explain what the code is doing.

3
)1 – ‫حال‬201(‫ حاسب آلي‬: ‫المقـرر‬

6. Sample programs

Write a program to add two numbers

//Program for addition of two numbers

#include<iostream.h>

int main()

int x=10;

int y=20;

int C=0;

C=x+y;

cout<<"addition of two numbers are"<<C;

Return 0;

Write a program to subtract two numbers

//Program to subtract two numbers

#include<iostream.h>

int main()

int x=10;

int y=20;

int C=0;

C=x-y;

cout<<"Subtraction of two numbers are "<<C;

4
)1 – ‫حال‬201(‫ حاسب آلي‬: ‫المقـرر‬

Return 0;

Excersice:

Write a program to divide two numbers

Write a program to multiply two numbers

Write a program to Subtract two numbers

Write a program to find average of two numbers

//Program to find average of two numbers

#include<iostream.h>

int main()

int a;

int b;

float C;

cin>>a;

cin>>b;

C=(a+b)/2;

cout<<"Average of two numbers are ----------"<<C;

Return 0;

Note: cin is the opposite of cout

whereas cout prints data to the console, cin reads data from the console.

You might also like