File Sizes

Manuscripts will be distributed to reviewers via the Web. However, reviewers who use
telephone modems may experience unacceptable download delays if the files are too large.
A number of simple tricks can be used to avoid unnecessarily large files. Do not scan pages
of text. Do not scan printed Figures unless no original digital document exists. If a scanned
figure is unavoidable, please use Adobe PhotoShop or a similar program to edit the file and
reduce the file size (not necessarily the image size) as much as possible before submission.
For example, crop the picture to exclude surrounding "white space." Do not carelessly use
colour. Black and white line drawings or gray-scale figures should not be saved as color
documents; this will increase file sizes without increasing the information content of the
file. Do not use colour unless absolutely needed to convey information.

Manuscript file format

We request to submit article in Microsoft Word format (.DOC). If you are using another
word processor please save final version of the manuscript (using 'Save As' option of the
file menu) as a Word document. In this case please double check that the saved file can be
opened in Microsoft Word. We cannot accept Acrobat .PDF or any other text files.

General Format
Before submission of the new manuscript authors should consider the following general rules
for preparation of the manuscript. Please read these instructions carefully and follow the
guidelines strictly.

• Fonts: Important – Use Times or Times New Roman 12 point size only (other sizes as
specified), and Symbol font for mathematical symbols (in the text and in the figures).
° Justification should be set to full (or left only, if preferred).
° Do not underline: Use italics, bold or bold italics instead.
° Line spacing should be set at 2 (Double).
° Leave a line space between paragraphs and sections.
° Leave a line space between section titles and text.
° Leave only one space after a full stop.

• Manuscripts must be typed on A4 (210 × 297 mm) paper, double-spaced throughout and
with ample margins of at least 2.5 cm. All pages must be numbered consecutively. Starting
with the title page as p.1, the text, which begins with p.2, is to be arranged in the following
order: abstract, brief introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion,
 acknowledgements, references, figure legends, tables.

• The first page of the full manuscript must begin with the title of the paper centered on the
page in 14 point Bold Title Case (title case means first letter of each main word capitalized),
the names of the authors (Initials – followed by a period each – Family Name) with the main
author’s name mentioned first, the names and locations of the authors’ affiliations (Title
Case), and the e-mail address of the main author. The title page must provide the title in
English, a short title of not more than 45 characters (including spaces) to be used as running
head, up to five topical key words in English for subject indexing, the full postal address of
the corresponding author to whom proofs will be sent. The title should be brief and should
indicate the species studied. Subtitles are not encouraged.
• The abstract should not exceed 250 words, should be one paragraph and should be free of
references and abbreviations. It should indicate clearly the scope and main conclusions of
the paper.

• The introduction should give the pertinent background to the study and should explain why
the work was done.

• The materials and methods (or methodology) should give essential details, including
experimental design and statistical analysis.

• The results should present the findings of the research. They should be free from discussion.
Results should be written in the past tense.

• The discussion should cover, but not simply repeat the new findings and should present the
author's results in broader context of other work on the subject interpreting them with a
minimum of speculation.

• The acknowledgements should be as brief as possible.

Preparing the Manuscript
The purpose of the Guide to Authors is to provide instructions and guidelines that will
assist authors, editors, and reviewers in preparing material for publication in International
Journal of Thermal and Fluid Sciences. The style guidelines presented here should be
followed by authors preparing a scientific research papers for publication in International
Journal of Thermal and Fluid Sciences.

Manuscripts that do not adhere to the following instructions will be returned to the
corresponding author for technical revision before undergoing peer review.

Papers should be in English, double spaced and single sided on 8.5" x 11" or A4 paper
with generous margins (at least 1" / 2.5cm). Emphasize any special points in a covering
letter from the submitting author.
Every manuscript submitted should be clearly labeled as being either:

• Research article
• Review article

The total number of pages should be listed.

Structure papers as follows: (a) Title page; (b) Title plus abstract on the next page
(omitting author details); (c) Keywords; (d) Text; (e) References; (f) Figure and table
legends; (g) Figures and (h) Tables.

Title page
On a separate title page list:

• title and full names of all authors

• corresponding author's name
• full postal address
• telephone
• fax
• email
• suggestion for a short running title of no more than 40 characters (including spaces)
• acknowledgements of research support along with grant numbers (if applicable).

Title plus abstract

Include, on a separate page, no more than 250 words that adequately describe the work
and highlight its significance. The abstract should include only text. Avoid the use of
abbreviations and references.

For the purposes of blind review, the title page with author details is stripped out by the
Editorial Office, so this page is the first to be seen by reviewers.

Keywords
Include up to six keywords that describe your paper for indexing and for web searches.

Text
Main headings should be typed in capitals, subheadings in lower case. Both types of
heading should be underlined. Footnotes should be avoided.

Equations should be typewritten and with the number placed in parentheses at the right
margin. Reference to the equation should use the form 'Eq. (3)' or '(3)'.

Citing References in the Text

References must be cited in the text in superscript digits at end of sentence or paragraph
before punctuation or full stop1. In case of two or more references, separate the
superscript digits by comma1,2,6. Moreover, If there are more references but in continuous
numbers then use dash between superscript digits2-6.Citation may be direct or indirect,
see the following examples;

Direct citation

a) Farooq et al. 1 studied the temperature effect on cuticular hydrocarbons of termite.

b) According to Shafqat and Saba2, cuticular hydrocarbons can be used to identify termite
species.
c) Variations in cuticular hydrocarbons may also assist for species recognition and
foraging behaviour, investigated by Zeeshan and Pasha3.

Indirect citation

a) Temperature affects cuticular hydrocarbons of termite1. Cuticular hydrocarbons can be

used to identify termite species2. Variations in cuticular hydrocarbons may also assist for
species recognition and foraging behavior3.