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Sample Problems Combustion

The document contains two examples of calculating properties of gas mixtures from Orsat analysis data. The first example analyzes a gas mixture with O2, CO2, and N2. It calculates the molecular weight, mass of each constituent, moles, R value, and partial pressures. The second example analyzes combustion products of an unknown fuel. It determines the fuel composition as C12.8H26.47, actual air-fuel ratio as 17.05, and percent excess air as 15.2% from the Orsat data and stoichiometric calculations.

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Ronnie Ray Dumdum
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2K views4 pages

Sample Problems Combustion

The document contains two examples of calculating properties of gas mixtures from Orsat analysis data. The first example analyzes a gas mixture with O2, CO2, and N2. It calculates the molecular weight, mass of each constituent, moles, R value, and partial pressures. The second example analyzes combustion products of an unknown fuel. It determines the fuel composition as C12.8H26.47, actual air-fuel ratio as 17.05, and percent excess air as 15.2% from the Orsat data and stoichiometric calculations.

Uploaded by

Ronnie Ray Dumdum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GAS MIXTURE

1. One mole of a gaseous mixture has the following gravimetric analysis: O2 = 16%, CO2 =
44%, N2 = 40%.
Find :
a) the molecular weight of the mixture
b) the mass of each constituent,
c) the moles of each constituent in the mixture,
d) R and
e) Partial pressure for P = 207 KPa.
Given: xO2 = 0.16 ; xCO2 = .44 ; xN2 = 0.40
xi
yi  Mi
xi

Mi
xi 0.16 .44 .40
     0.0293
Mi 32 44 28
y O 2  0.171
y CO 2  0.341
y N 2  0.488
M = .171(32) + .341(44) + .488(28) = 34.14 kg/kgm
n   ni
ni
yi 
n
nO2 = .171 moles; nCO2 = .341; nN2 = .488
m
M
n
mO2 = .171(32) = 5.472 kg
mCO2 =.341(44) = 15.004 kg
mN2 = .488(28) = 13.664 kg
m = 5.472 + 15.004 + 13.664 = 34.14 kg
8.3143
R = 0.244 KJ/kg-K
M
Pi
yi 
P
PO2= .171(207) = 35.4 KPa
PCO2 = .341(207) = 70.6 KPa
PN2 = .488(207) = 101.016 KPa

2. A gaseous mixture composed of 25 kg of N2, 3.6 kg of H2, and 60 kg of CO2 is at 200


KPa, 50C. Find the respective partial pressures and compute the volume of each
component at its own partial 450C.
Given: mN2 = 25 kg ; mH2 = 3.6 kg ; mCO2 = 60 kg
m = 25 + 3.6 + 60 = 88.6 kg
xN2 = 0.282 ; xH2 = 0.041 ; xCO2 = 0.678
P = 200 KPa ; T = 323 K
xi
yi  Mi
xi

Mi
xi 0.282 .041 .678
     0.046
Mi 28 2 44
y N 2  0.219
y H 2  0.446
y CO 2  0.335
Pi
yi 
P
PN2 = .219(200) = 43.8 KPa
PH2 = .446(200) = 89.2 KPa
PCO2 = 0.335(200) = 67 KPa
Pi Vi  m i R i Ti
25(0.297 (323)
VN 2   54.76 m 3
43.8
3.6(4.16)(323)
VH 2   54.23 m 3
89.2
60(0.189 )(323)
VCO 2   54.67 m 3
67

FUELS AND COMBUSTION

(Unknown Fuel – Known Orsat analysis)


Orsat analysis gives the volumetric analysis of the products of combustion on a dry basis.

An unknown hydrocarbon is used as fuel in a diesel engine, and after an emission test the orsat analysis
shows,CO2 = 12.5% ; CO = 0.3% ; O2 = 3.1% ; N2 = 84.1%.Determine
a. the actual air-fuel ratio
b. the percent excess air
c. the fuel analysis by mass

Basis: 100 moles of dry flue gas


CnHm + aO2 + a(3.76)N2  12.5CO2 + bH2O + 0.3CO + 3.1O2 + 84.1N2

By Carbon balance
n = 12.5 + 0.3
n = 12.8
By Hydrogen balance
m = 2b  eq. 1
By Oxygen balance
2a = 2(12.5) + b + 0.3 + 2(3.1)  eq. 2
By Nitrogen balance
a(3.76) = 84.1
a = 22.367

substituting a to eq. 2
b = 13.234
substituting b to eq. 1
m = 26.47
C12.8H26.47  22.367O 2  84.1N2  12.5CO 2  13.234H2 O  0.3CO  3.1O2  84.1N2
A 22.367(32)  84.1(28) kg of air
    17.05
 F a 12(12.8)  26.47 kg of fuel

Combustion with 100% theoretical air


n = 12.8 ; m = 26.47

C12.8H26.47  aO 2  a(3.76)N 2  bCO2  cH2 O  a(3.76)N2


12.8  b
26.47  2c
c  13.235
2a  2b  c
a  19.4175
A 19.4175(32)  19.4175(3.76)( 28 kg of air
    14.8
 F t 12(12.8)  26.47 kg of C12H26

A A
   (1  e) 
 F a  F t
e  0.152  15.2 %

12n 12(12.8)
%C    85.3%
12n  m 12(12.8)  26.47
m 26.47
%H    14.7%
12n  m 12(12.8)  26.47

(Known Orsat analysis and Fuel type)


A fuel oil C12H26 is used in an internal combustion engine and the Orsat analysis are as follows: CO 2 = 12.8% ;
O2 = 3.5%; CO = 0.2% and N2 = 83.5%. Determine the actual air-fuel ratio and the percent excess air.
Solution:

(Basis 100 moles of dry flue gas)


aC12H26 + bO2 + b(3.76)N2  12.8CO2 + cH2O + 0.2CO + 3.5O2 + 83.5N2

By C balance
12a = 12.8 + 0.2
a = 1.0833

By N2 Balance
b(3.76) = 83.5
b = 22.207

By H balance
26a = 2c
c = 26(1.0833)/2
c = 14.083
Dividing the equation by a
C12H26 + 20.5O2 + 77.08N2  11.816CO2 + 13H2O + 0.185CO + 3.23O2 + 77.08N2

A 20.5(32)  77.08(28) kg of air


    16.56
 F a 12(12)  26 kg of fuel

Combustion of C12H26 with 100% theoretical air

C12H26  aO 2  a(3.76)N2  bCO2  cH2 O  a(3.76)N2


12  b
26  2c
c  13
2a  2b  c
a  18.5
A 18.5(32)  (18.5)(3.76)( 28 kg of air
    14.94
 F t 12(12)  26 kg of C12H26

A A
   (1  e) 
 F a  F t
A
 
 F a
1 e 
A
 
 F t
A
 
 F a
e  1  0.108  10.8%
A
 
 F t

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