This document proves Green's reciprocation theorem through the following steps:
1. It starts with Green's theorem and uses the Poisson equation to relate volume integrals of the charge densities to surface integrals involving the potentials and their normal derivatives.
2. It uses a previous result to relate the surface charge density to the normal derivative of the potential on a conducting surface.
3. After substituting this relation into Green's theorem and rearranging terms, it arrives at the statement of Green's reciprocation theorem.
This document proves Green's reciprocation theorem through the following steps:
1. It starts with Green's theorem and uses the Poisson equation to relate volume integrals of the charge densities to surface integrals involving the potentials and their normal derivatives.
2. It uses a previous result to relate the surface charge density to the normal derivative of the potential on a conducting surface.
3. After substituting this relation into Green's theorem and rearranging terms, it arrives at the statement of Green's reciprocation theorem.
This document proves Green's reciprocation theorem through the following steps:
1. It starts with Green's theorem and uses the Poisson equation to relate volume integrals of the charge densities to surface integrals involving the potentials and their normal derivatives.
2. It uses a previous result to relate the surface charge density to the normal derivative of the potential on a conducting surface.
3. After substituting this relation into Green's theorem and rearranging terms, it arrives at the statement of Green's reciprocation theorem.
This document proves Green's reciprocation theorem through the following steps:
1. It starts with Green's theorem and uses the Poisson equation to relate volume integrals of the charge densities to surface integrals involving the potentials and their normal derivatives.
2. It uses a previous result to relate the surface charge density to the normal derivative of the potential on a conducting surface.
3. After substituting this relation into Green's theorem and rearranging terms, it arrives at the statement of Green's reciprocation theorem.
Dr. Christopher S. Baird University of Massachusetts Lowell
PROBLEM: Prove Green's reciprocation theorem: If Φ is the potential due to a volume-charge density ρ within a volume V and a surface-charge density σ on the conducting surface S bounding the volume V, while Φ' is the potential due to another charge distribution ρ' and σ', then
∫V ρ Φ ' d 3 x+∫S σ Φ ' da=∫V ρ' Φ d 3 x+∫S σ ' Φ da
2 1 1 Use the Poisson equation: ∇ Φ=− ρ(x) and ∇ 2 Φ '=− ρ '( x) : ϵ0 ϵ0
− 1 ϵ0 ∫V (ρ ' Φ−ρ Φ ' ) d 3 x =∮S Φ dΦ' dn −Φ ' ( dΦ dn da ) ∫V ρ Φ ' d 3 x−∫V ρ 'Φ d 3 x=∮S (Φ ϵ ddΦn' −Φ ' ϵ dd Φn )da 0 0
The normal direction n in Green's theorem points away from the volume of interest, which in this case would be into the conducting surface. From a previous problem, we know that the potential on a conductor and surface charge density are related according to:
[ σ=−ϵ0 ∂Φ ∂n ] on S and [ σ '=−ϵ0 ∂ Φ' ∂n ] on S
We have to realize that the normals in these equations are pointing out of the conductor, whereas the normals in Green's theorem are pointing into the conductor. We reverse the sign to account for this:
[ σ=ϵ 0 ∂Φ ∂n in ] on S and [ σ '=ϵ 0 ∂ Φ' ∂ nin ] on S Now substitute these into Green's theorem:
∫V ρ Φ ' d 3 x−∫V ρ 'Φ d 3 x=∮S ( Φ σ '−Φ 'σ ) da
Shuffle around to find:
∫V ρ Φ ' d 3 x+∫S σ Φ ' da=∫V ρ' Φ d 3 x +∫S σ ' Φ da
