USING NEC3- WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW??

Page | 1
WELCOME

We have been asked to speak to you today about using NEC3 Contracts so as to manage these
contracts effectively and avoid pitfalls!

This session is designed to be as practical as possible so please do ask any questions as we go along.

Keith Kilburn Amy Cornelius

ASSOCIATE SENIOR SOLICITOR

Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Tel: 0141 245 6741 Tel: 0141 245 6273
Mobile: 07890740725 Mobile: 07855097280

“The knowledge base is excellent, the team is fully committed to the

challenges. They provided sufficient resources and the turnaround time
was quick"

Chambers and Partners 2013/14

Page | 0
PROGRAMME

WELCOME

SESSION 1

 Overview of NEC 3

 NEC 3 suite of contracts and options

 Key Clauses – including Z clauses

 Contract assembly

SESSION 2

 Timelines

SESSION 3

Practical examples – interactive session, covering:

 Early Warning

 Compensation Events

 Payments/Withholding

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Page | 1
NEC3 OBJECTIVES

Three specific objectives for the contract compared to existing standard forms:

1 Should be more flexible in its scope

2 should provide greater stimulus to good project management

3 should be expressed more simply and clearly

NEC3 FLEXIBILITY

1 When can it be used?

2 In what sectors?

3 What type of projects?

NEC3 GOOD MANAGEMENT

1 Clear and simple allocation of risk

2 Collaborative working

3 Risk reduction procedures

NEC3 CLARITY & SIMPLICITY

1 Short sentences

2 Plain English, avoiding jargon

3 Each clause stands alone- no cross referencing

4 Options clauses add to core clauses rather than alter and delete them

Page | 2
NOTES

Page | 3
NEC3 FAMILY

 NEC 3 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) and Subcontract (ECS)

 NEC 3 Professional Services Contract (PSC).

 NEC 3 Short Contract (ECSC) and Short Subcontract (ECSS).

 NEC 3 Adjudicator’s Contract (AC).

 NEC 3 Term Services Contract (TSC).

 NEC 3 Term Service Short Contract (TSSC).

 NEC 3 Framework Contract (Framework Contract).

 NEC 3 Supply Contract (SC).

 NEC 3 Supply Short Contract (Services Contract).

Page | 4
NOTES

Page | 5
NEC3 BUILD UP

 Choose one of six main options on pricing mechanism – Option A-F.

 Include the nine sections of core clauses.

 Choose which dispute resolution option applies W1 or W2, Y(UK)1 or Y(UK)2.

 Choose which (if any) of them secondary option clauses applied.

 Not all secondary options can be used with the main options, eg X8-X11 appear in the PSC but not in the ECC; X19
only appears in the TSC.

 Include any additional (“Z”) clauses.

NEC3 MAIN OPTIONS

 Option A – priced contract with activity schedule, Lump sum price for the Works.

 Lump sum may change if a “Compensation Event occurs or the Employer varies the Works”.

 Option B – priced contract with bill of quantities.

 Option C – target contract with activity schedule.

 Option D – target contract with bill of quantities.

 Option C & D are target price contracts.

 If the Works cost more than the target price when complete, they share the “pain” of the cost overrun
in pre-agreed proportions. Likewise if the Works are completed for less than the target price, the
Contractor and Employer share the “gain” – pain share/gain share mechanism.

 Option E – cost reimbursable contract. The parties agree levels of the Contractor’s overheads and profit and the
Employer pays the actual costs of the Works, plus agreed level of overhead and profit.

 Option F – management contract. Does not distinguish between construction management and management
contracting.

The main options do not change the rest of ECC except to deal with pricing and payment. The main options are A,C and
E.
Page | 6
NOTES

Page | 7
NEC3 CORE CLAUSES

1 General.

2 Contractor’s main responsibilities.

3 Time.

4 Quality.

5 Payment.

6 Compensation events.

7 Rights to material.

8 Indemnity insurance and liability.

9 Termination.

Page | 8
NOTES

Page | 9
NEC3 SECONDARY OPTIONS

 W1 – Dispute Resolution.

 W2 – Dispute Resolution.

 X1 – Price adjustment for inflation.

 X2 – Changes in the law.

 X3 – Multiple currencies.

 X4 – Parent company guarantee.

 X5 – Sectional completion.

 X6 – Bonus for early completion.

 X7 – Delay damages.

 X8- Collateral warranty agreements

 X9 – Transfer of rights

 X10 – Employer’s Agent

 X11- Termination by the Employer

 X12 – Partnering

 X13 – Performance Bond

 X14- Advanced Payment to Contractor

 X15 – Limitation of Liability for design

 X16 – Retention

 X17 – Low performance damages

 X18 – Limitation of Liability

 X20 – Key Performance Indicators

 Y(UK)2 – HGCRA 1996 – Payment and suspension

 Y(UK)3 – Third Party Rights

Page | 10
NOTES

Page | 11
NEC3 CONTRACT DATA

 Identity of parties.

 Services.

 Scope.

 Language of the contract.

 Period for reply.

 Period for retention of documents.

 Access and access dates.

 Defects date.

 Adjudicators.

 Programme intervals.

 Weather measurements.

 Level of insurance.

 Key dates.

 Additional compensation events.

 Additional risks – a risk which is not expressly stated to be an Employer risk in the contract Data or Conditions of
Contract (Clause 80) will be a Contractor risk.

Page | 12
NOTES

Page | 13
NEC3 WORKS INFORMATION

 Works information is information which either:

 Specifies and describes the works; or

 States any constraints on how the Contractor Provides the Works.

And is either

 In the documents which the Contract Data states it is in; or

 In an instruction given in accordance with this contract.

Vitally important document BUT the source of many disputes.

UNDERSTANDING ITS IMPORTANCE

 The contractor designs the parts of the works which the Works Information states he is to design (Clause 21.1)

 Completion is when the Contractor has done all the work which the Works Information states he is to do by the
Completion Date…(Clause 11.2(2).

 A Defect is part of the works which is not in accordance with the Works Information…(Clause 11.2(5))

 The Contractor acts in accordance with the health and safety requirements stated in the Works Information
(Clause 27.4)

Page | 14
NOTES

Page | 15
WORKS INFORMATION - WHAT SHOULD IT COVER?

 Technical info/specifications/drawings which describe the works

 Completion – what is required?

 Design responsibility and design procedures

 Health & Safety requirements

 Tests/inspections

 State who is providing what (services; equipment etc)

 Detail the activities of Others within the Working Areas

 Use by Employer pre-Completion without take-over occurring

 Programme issues

WORKS INFORMATION – SENSE CHECK…

 Make sure language use consistently with contract provisions, particularly if using standard specifications

 Clear delineation of responsibilities

 If incorporating other documents do so explicitly

 Understand the difference between the Employer’s Works Information and the Contractor’s

Page | 16
NOTES

Page | 17
THE PROGRAMME

 Contractual significance, Clause 31 and 60.1(2), (3), (5)

 Supposed to be updated regularly (at the intervals stated in the Contract Data)

 Financial penalty if no programme submitted, Clause 50.3

 Key Dates and Condition and “carry out the Works in accordance with the Works Information”.

Page | 18
NOTES

Page | 19
NEC3 Z CLAUSES

 Project & Client specific requirements.

 Order of precedence of documents.

 PM resolves ambiguities and inconsistencies by instruction which may give rise to a Compensation Event.

 Consider whether Compensation Events should be amended or restricted – when preparing Sub-Contractors make
sure position in Sub-Contract is back to back with the main Contract.

 Intellectual Property.

 Assignation.

 Collateral Warranties.

 PI Insurance Contract.

 Provisional sums not dealt with in core clauses.

 Requirement to comply with minimum statutory requirements and clear statement of minimum standards to
apply to materials, goods and workmanship. Should be dealt with in Works Information but include in Z clauses to
prevent omission as an oversight.

Page | 20
NOTES

Page | 21
NEC3 - TERMINOLOGY

NEC 3 Term Not used in NEC 3

Contract Date Extension of Time

Compensation Event Variation/Change

Possession Delay & disruption

Completion Loss & Expense

Defects Claims

Defects date Prelims

Defect correction period Interim valuation

Schedule of Cost Components Practical Completion

Page | 22
NOTES

Page | 23
NEC3 CHARACTERISTICS

 Front loading of information

 Clear risk allocation

 No blanket exclusive remedies provision

 No huge Schedule of Amendments

 Proliferation of paperwork

 High management input required

Page | 24
NOTES

Page | 25
NEC3 – EARLY WARNING

EARLY WARNING NOTICES

 Clause 16.1 – both Contractor and Project Manager to give an early warning notice as soon as either becomes
aware of any material which could:

 increase the contract price

 delay completion or meeting a key date; or
 impair the performance of the works in use

 Early warning matters – Clause 16.1 also provides that Contractor ‘may’ give early warning to Project Manager of
any other matter which could increase his total costs.

 Failure to give early warning notice – sanction on Contractor is that the assessment of any Compensation Event
cannot be greater than the assessment which would have followed the notice.

RISK REDUCTION MEETINGS

 Project Manager or Contractor instructs the other to attend

 Those who attend are required to co-operate in considering how the effects of risks can be avoided or reduced,
seeking solutions that will bring advantage to all affected and deciding actions to be taken.

Page | 26
NOTES

Page | 27
NEC3 – RISK REGISTER

 Register of risks already identified in the Contract documents and risk that the Project Manager or Contractor have
notified as an early warning letter.

 Register is to include descriptions of the risk and descriptions of the actions to be taken to avoid or reduce them.

 Risks which are not expressly carried by the Employer are carried by the Contractor (Clause 81.1).

 Be CAREFUL! Additional Employer’s risks are stated in the Contract Data (Clause 80).

Page | 28
NOTES

Page | 29
COMPENSATION EVENTS

 Clause 60

 Cover all Contractor claims for time and money.

 Numerous – 19 listed in Core Clauses and 5 in Secondary Options.

 Some notable omissions e.g. Specified peril (as defined in JCT) is not a Compensation Event.

 The Project Manager is required to notify the Contractor of compensation events arising from instructions or the
changing of earlier decisions.

 The Contractor is required to notify the Project Manager within eight weeks or other events not notified by the
Project Manager. SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES IF YOU FAIL TO COMPLY TIMEOUSLY

DEEMED ACCEPTANCE PROVISIONS

 If Contractor notifies the Project Manager of what he thinks is a compensation event and the Project Manager fails
to reply within one week, or such other time as the parties agree, then Contractor reminds Project Manager of the
need to reply.

 If Project Manager still doesn’t reply within two further weeks then compensation event notification is deemed to
be accepted.

QUOTATIONS:

 The Contractor is required to submit quotations for compensation events showing both time and money
implications. He may be required to submit alternative quotations. A revision of the accepted programme must be
submitted with each quotation if there are time or disruption implications.

 Again deemed acceptance if Project manager does not reply to a quotation within a stipulated time, a quotation is
treated as having been accepted.

Page | 30
NOTES

Page | 31
COMPENSATION EVENTS CONTINUED

 The Project Manager is permitted to make his own assessment if the Contractor does not submit his quotation on
time or if the Contractor’s programme is not in order or if the Project Manager decides that the Contractor’s
assessment is incorrect.

 Again deemed acceptance where Project Manager does not accept a quotation but fails to make his own
assessment within the stipulated time.

 The Project Manager notifies the Contractor when a quotation is accepted or his own assessment is made.

 The contract price and the times for completion and key dates are changed accordingly.

Page | 32
POINTS TO NOTE….

 Time Limits – Contractor loses all right to claim a compensation event after the 8 week period.

 Deeming Provisions & Project Manager Input – for the compensation event scheme to work effectively the Project
Manager must be active in recognising compensation events and in seeking quotations from the Contractor.

 Unlike JCT – can claim time and money for adverse weather compensation event.

 Assessment of a compensation event is not revised if a forecast upon which it is based is shown by later
information to have been wrong.

 Float – delay to the completion date is assessed s the length of time that planned completion is later than planned
completion shown on the Accepted Programme.

 Overload – if multiple compensation events the procedure for assessment can break down.

 Works information related events – most claims in past have been to do with changes to Works Information.

 Physical Conditions – compensation event if;

 within the site;
 not weather; and
 conditions that an experienced contractor would have judged at the contract date to have such a small
chance of occurring that it would have been unreasonable to have allowed for them.

Adverse Weather – a compensation event if by comparison with ten year records or assumed values stated in the
contract data, weather is regarded as adverse.

 Note it is only the difference that qualifies as a Compensation Event. Physical conditions – between
what a reasonable contractor should have accounted for and what is discovered. Weather – ten year
average or contract data figures and actual weather.

Page | 33
NOTES

Page | 34
TESTING AND DEFECTS

 Clause 40

 Heavy reliance on what is specified in Works Information. Must specify as much detail as possible – what tests,
when, who undertakes, what standards etc.

 A defect is a part of the works which is not in accordance with the Works Information or a part of the works
designed by the Contractor which is not in accordance with the applicable law or the Contractor’s design which the
Project Manager has accepted.

 Clause 42.2 requires both the Supervisor and the Contractor to notify each other as soon as either finds any
defects.

 Uncorrected Defects – on strict reading, clause 45.1 means Contractor is liable to pay an assessed cost of
rectification whether or not that proves to be the actual cost. Also, whether or not incurred.

Page | 35
NOTES

Page | 36
PREVENTION

Often deleted.

Clause 19.1 – if an event:

 stops Contractor completing the works, or, stops him completing the works by the date shown on the
accepted programme; and which
 neither party could prevent; and
 an experienced Contractor would have judged at the contract date to have had such a small chance of
occurring that it would have been unreasonable to have allowed for it
 then Project Manager gives an instruction on how to deal with the event.

Prevention” is capable of wide interpretation.

 Could it include insolvency of suppliers and subcontractors, supply of defective materials, defective
design by Contractor’s consultants, strikes, accidents and other disturbances?

It may or may not be a Compensation Event.

Page | 37
TITLE

 Titles to Plant and Materials passes to the Employer when it has been brought into the Working Areas or where it
has been marked by the Supervisor and marked for payment.

 What happens if Plant and Materials are removed from Working Areas for work done on them elsewhere e.g. by
the manufacturer for modifications.

Page | 38
NOTES

Page | 39
REPAIR AND INDEMNITY

 Repair – Contractor to replace loss of and repair damage to works, Plant and Materials until the Defects Certificate
has been issued (Clause 82).

 Indemnity – each to indemnify the other against claims, proceedings and compensation costs due to an event
which is at his risk.

 Liability to indemnify reduced to the extent that the other party contributed to the claims, proceedings and
compensation costs (Clause 83).

Page | 40
NOTES

Page | 41
INSURANCE

 Clause 84

 Contractor to provide insurance in Joint Names for:

 Loss of or damage to the works, Plant and Materials.

 Loss or damage to Equipment.
 Loss or damage to property

 Certificates of insurance to be produced.

 If Contractor fails to ensure, Employer insures the risk and cost payable by the Contractor.

Page | 42
NOTES

Page | 43
TERMINATION

 Clause 90

 Both parties have right to terminate.

 The Party wising to terminate initiates procedure by notifying the PM and giving his reasons. If PM satisfied that
the Party giving he notice has provided reasons which are valid under the Contract, the PM issues a termination
certificate.

 Only Employer has right to terminate entirely at his discretion.

 Contractor can terminate only for the reason state din the termination table.

 PM to carry out assessment of sums due following termination so that he can certify the final payment within 13
weeks.

Page | 44
NOTES

Page | 45
TIMELINES
NEC 3 – Timelines

Payment –Y(UK)2 (CLAUSE 50 – NOT ACT COMPLIANT)

Assessment Due Final Date

date Date For
7 days At least 7 days Payment

If either Party intends to pay less than

the notified sum he must notify the
other party stating the amount due and
how this sum is calculated.

The Project Manager approves payment in line with the agreed monthly invoicing and payment cycle.

If an approved payment is late, interest is paid on the late payment.

Note – Notices must be given within the periods stated. The timeline reflects the outer limits of the timescale.

Page | 46
TIMELINES
EARLY WARNING – CLAUSE 16

A matter ARISES WHICH

COULD:
 Increase Prices;
 Delay Completion;
 Impair performance of
Project Project Either party If a decision
the works, or At the The Project
Manager Manager may instruct
 Delay meeting a Key meeting the Manager Requires a
or Enters the other to change to the
Date attendees revises the risk
Contractor Warning attend a risk Works
co-operate register to
notifies the matter in reduction Information,
in seeking record
other as Risk meeting. the Project
solutions to decisions made
soon as it Register Either Manager
Avoid or reduce at the meeting
becomes Party may instructs the
risks and issues the
aware of instruct other change at the
revised register
the matter people to same time as
to
attend if the issuing the
other party Contractor revised Risk
agrees Register

Page | 47
 TIMELINES
COMPENSATION EVENTS – CLAUSES 60-65

If the event arises from a change of instruction by the Project Manager (61.1) then the compensation event must be submitted by the Project Manager at the time of the
change. Otherwise:
If the Project Manager does
not respond within 2 weeks,
Contractor If no reply is sent within 1 week,
the Contractor may notify
must have the Contractor may notify the
to this effect. If the Project
notified Project Project Manager of this. If no reply
Manager does not reply to
Manager of is sent within 2 weeks, the Project
such notifications within 2
occurrence Manager is deemed to have
weeks, the Contractor’s
within 8 weeks accepted and the Contractor is
Notification is treated as
entitled to submit quotes.
deemed acceptance by
the Project Manager.

1 week 3 weeks 2 weeks 3 weeks

Compensation
Up to 8 weeks
event occurs

Contractor Project Manager Quotations must be Project Manager Revisions, if required must be
Notification Replies with submitted by must reply with an submitted by Contractor
Acceptance or rejection Contractor. Failure to acceptance,
do so, or an initial rejection or order to
rejection by the PM, revise
allows the PM to
intimate notice that
they intend to perform
the assessment
themselves within 3
weeks of the notice Page | 48
being given
TIMELINES

Party wishes to
terminate the
Contractor’s
obligation to
Provide the works

Payment to be made
Party wishing to Project Manager issues Project Manager
within three weeks of
terminate notifies the a termination approves final payment
the Project Manager’s
Project Manager and the certificated to or from the
certificate.
other Party, giving Contractor within 13
reasons weeks of termination.

NB. The
reasons
procedure and
amount due
on
termination
for each party
are set out in
the table at
Clause 90.2

Page | 49
WORKSHOP EXAMPLES

EXERCISE 1 – NEC3

In relation to payment the contract provides that:-

 the assessment date is the first of the month and the Contractor may submit applications for payment on the
assessment

 the due date is the seventh of every month;

 by twelfth of the month the Project Manager is to issue a payment notice in the form of a certificate setting out the
amount due and basis for calculating the same;

 a Pay Less Notice can be issued up to seven days prior to the final date for payment;

 the final date for payment is fourteen days from the due date, so the twenty first of every month.

The Contractor submits its first application for payment on the assessment date (1 March 2014) for £120,000. On 10
March the Project Manager issues a certificate for £120,000. On 17 March 2014 the Project Manager issues a Pay Less
Notice advising that a deduction of £30,000 has been made from the sum due as there is no Approved Programme. The
Contractor is paid £90,000 on 21 March 2014.

Question 1

Is the deduction made by the PM valid?

Was the pay less notice issued on time?

Page | 50
EXERCISE 2

A number of incidents occur giving rise to possible price increases and programme changes:

(a) Three weeks into the project the Contractor discovers possible historic artefacts.

(b) A change in the water table requires the Contractor to alter their design and proposed methodology for carrying
out the works.

(c) Key members of the Contractor’s team contract swine flu and are signed off from work for a month.

(d) There is a delay in Scottish Water coming to site to inspect the drainage installation causing a delay in follow on
works.

(e) There is a very wet summer culmination in the river bank next to the site bursting and flooding of the site. This
caused disruption/delay to the works.

(f) There is a riot prevent the Contractor progressing his works for two days.

Question 2 Do these events constitute Compensation Question 3 If so, under which provision?
Events?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Page | 51
EXERCISE 3

Event 1

A Contractor is appointed to design and construct a hospital development in Edinburgh. On 1 March 2014 the Contractor
advises that it may not be possible to build the hospital to the specification required by the Employer. The specific
footprint of the hospital is out with the footprint of the land owned by the Employer.

The Contractor requests a meeting on site with the Employer to discuss the necessary design changes and to conduct a
site survey. The Employer delays holding the meeting, explaining that the relevant personnel who they would like to
attend such a meeting are on holiday.

Following their return from holiday the parties work together to agree a solution. The Employer instructs the Contractor to
redesign the works to the revised specification.

The drawings for the hospital are submitted by the Contractor on 7 May 2014, several weeks after the deadline specified
in the Accepted Programme. Some four weeks later the Contractor writes to notify the PM of a compensation event
resulting from the delay to meet on site.

Event 2

The contractor has also been appointed to design and construct a footbridge linking the old hospital facilities on one side
of Old Edinburgh Road to new hospital facilities on the other side of Old Edinburgh Road. On 6 January 2014, in response
to a query from the Contractor, the Employer clarifies its requirements for the footbridge. The Contractor begins to design
the footbridge on the basis of what it has been told by the Employer. The PM notifies the Contractor on 12 February 2014
that the bridge should be redesigned to accommodate increased passenger numbers which have been forecast in a
recently issued report by NHS Lothian.

In addition to the price for redesign, which has been agreed with the Employer, the Contractor is concerned that tis late
change will have knock-on effects which may result in late completion of their obligations under the Contract. However,
he does not communicate these worries until 31 March 2014.

Page | 52
Question. 4

Do either of the above events constitute Compensation Events?

If so, under which provision?

Event 1 Event 2

Question. 5

Are any early warning notices required and, if so, when should they be served?

Event 1 Event 2

Question. 6

Has the Contractor in each event issued valid notice of the Compensation Event to the Employer?

If not, what are the consequences for the Contractor’s claims?

Event 1 Event 2

Page | 53
EXERCISE 4

A Contractor is commissioned to design and construct an underground railway station. The Contractor brings in a sub-
contractor in geotechnical engineering to carry out ground investigation work required under the contract. The sub-
contractor is approved by the Employer.

It becomes apparent to the Contractor that the sub-contractor has poorly managed the ground investigation work and
will be late in completing the work. This will, in turn, delay the completion of the Contractor’s duties under the contract.
The Contractor considers this to be a Compensation Event, issues an early warning and promptly notifies the PM.

Question. 7

Can the Employer contest the Compensation Event claim?

Refer to the relevant contractual provisions which must be considered.

Page | 54
EXERCISE 5

Event 1

The Contractor is contacted by its piling subcontractor on 10 February 2014 who has identified Japanese knotweed on
site and provided an indication of the cost of removing this. It is apparent that the change may give rise to an increase in
the total of the prices.

Event 2

In April 2014, the M & E subcontractor is at an advanced stage with its works. The Contractor receives a call from the
Employer’s design engineer on 13 April 2014 to advise that some changes to the Works Information will be required in
respect of certain tunnel wiring works. The Contractor is told that the PM has not yet been notified but that an instruction
will be issued shortly. The Contractor is concerned that this late change will have significant knock on effects which may
well delay completion. The Contractor’s construction manager writes an email to the PM to give early warning. At the
same time the Contractor’s construction manager also gives notification of the Contractor believe that a compensation
event has occurred. A copy of the email is attached.

Email 16 April 2014

From: Contractors Construction Manager

To: Project Manager

Subject: Early Warning and Compensation Event

In accordance with the Conditions of Contract Clause 16.1, I hereby give early warning notice of an event which might
give rise to an increase in the total of the prices, a delay to Completion or the impairment of the performance of the
works when in use.

In brief, the design engineer contacted me earlier today to advise that a variation is required in respect of the wiring
specification. He stated that he will be contacting you shortly so that you might issue an appropriate instruction.

I should also notify you that it is our opinion that any such change in the Works Information constitutes a compensation
event under clause 60.1(1). This change is certain to have a considerable effect on our ability to complete the works on
time and the cost implications (in relation to time and materials) will be confirmed in due course once an instruction has
been given.

On a separate matter, it has come to light that an additional cost has been incurred in relation to the piling resulting from
discovery of Japanese knotweed. We shall provide a breakdown of this cost in due course.

I look forward to hearing from you.

XX

Page | 55
Question. 8

Do either of the above events constitute Compensation Events?

If so, under which provision?

Event 1 Event 2

Question 9

Are any early warning notices required and, if so, when should they be served?

Event 1 Event 2

Question 10

Has the Contractor in each event issued valid notice of the Compensation Event to the Employer?

If not, what are the consequences for the Contractor’s claims?

Event 1 Event 2

Page | 56
EXERCISE 6

A Contractor submits its application for payment (£100,000) on the assessment date, 8 July 2014. The PM issues a
certificate in the sum of £75,000 on 12 July 2014. The PM has deducted retention from the application for payment as the
Contractor has not provided the required parent company guarantee and collateral warranty. The Contractor issues an
invoice on 13 July 2014.

The Employer writes to the Contractor on 15 July 2014 issuing a pay less notice advising within this note that they intend
to deduct from sums due payment in the sum of £10,000 in connection with defective design which the Contractor had
failed to remedy. The Contractor is paid £65,000 on 21 July 2014.

On 22 July 2014 the Contractor suspends performance, arguing that the design had been remedied and signed off by the
Employer earlier that week.

Question 11

Was the PM entitled to deduct retention from the application for payment?

If so, under which provision?

Question 12

Did the Employer serve their pay less notices on time?

Question 13

Is the Contractor’s suspension of performance a compensation event?

Page | 57
EXERCISE 7

During the tender period the Contractor seeks to qualify his price with a statement that excavation to a depth of more
than five metres for turbine foundations in relation to a wind farm project is excluded from this price. The Employer tells
the Contractor that they are not happy about this qualification. When the contract is signed under the “Risk Register”
heading in the Contract Data Part 2, the Contractor includes the following statement “excavation beyond five metres for
turbine based foundations – Employer’s Risk”. The Employer signs a contract.

Of the 24 turbine bases constructed, 15 require the Contractor to excavate to a depth greater than five metres. The
Contractor carries out the work and at the time of excavation of the foundations, the last of which is complete on 24
August 2014, the Contractor submits no early earning or compensation event notices.

At the time the Project manager is, however, aware, from the Contractor’s progress reports, that some of the foundations
require excavation beyond 5 metres. The reports say nothing about the excavation depths delaying the works and the
Project Manager thinks nothing more of it. On 31 October 2014 the Contractor writes to the Project manager stating:

“Dear Sirs

Hilly Wind Farm, Hill Farm

We hereby give you notice of a Compensation Event under clause 60(14) – “an event which is an Employer’s Risk stated in
this contract”.

The Employer’s Risk which has occurred is that we are required to excavate to a depth greater than 5 metres to construct
the foundations for 15 of 24 turbine bases. This caused delay to our works and additional costs. We consider we are
entitled to extend the Completion Date and to a change in the Prices.

Please confirm your agreement by return.

Yours faithfully

Chancer Contractors Limited”

Question 14:

How should the Project Manager respond to this letter?

Page | 58
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Page | 59
UK Law Firm of the Year, British Legal Awards 2014

Scotland Law Firm of the Year 2014 Who’s Who Legal

Awards

Page | 60

ABERDEEN  EDINBURGH  GLASGOW  BRUSSELS