Climate Change 2019

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Climate change
Article · January 2019
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Sunil Kumar
Banaras Hindu University
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fdlku bZ & if=dk
www.marumegh.com ij vkWuykbu miyC/k
©2016 marumegh ISSN:2456-2904
tyok;q ifwjorZu dk vlj% lw[kk Hkkjr

1
lquhy dqekj ,oa 1rst jke catkjk vksj 2
çnhi f=iqjk
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e`nk foKku foHkkx] ts- ,s- ;-w twukx<+
Email: [email protected]
lewpk Hkkjr vizSy ls gh Hkh"k.k xehZ ls >qyl jgk gSA ;gk¡ ikjk 42˚C ls ysdj 54˚C ¼Qyksnh] jktLFkku½
rd ig¡qp x;kA chrs lky dh rqyuk esa blckj xehZ dk rkieku lkekU; ls ,d fMxzh lsfYl;l vf/kd ntZ
gksus dh lEHkkouk gSA2050 rd fo“o dh tula[;k
9 vjc rd igq¡p tk;sxhA bruh cM+h vkcknh dh
[kk| lqj{kk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy;s Qly iSnkokj
nksxquh djuh gksxh ysfdu tyok;q ifjorZu bl
jkg esa cM+k jksM+k cu ldrk gSAtkiku vkSj dukM+k
ds oSKkfudkssa us bl lEcU/k esa ,d fjiksVZ tkjh dh
gS ftlds vuqlkj fiNys rhu n“kd esa nqfu;k ds ,d frgkbZ {ks= dh iSnkokj esa Hkkjh fxjkoV vkbZ gSA
bldh Áeq[k otg tyok;q ifjorZu dks crk;k x;k gSA
tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k jktLFkku ds Qyksnh es 51 fMxzh rkieku fjdkMZ fd;k x;k ogha xqtjkr ds
vgenkckn esa rkieku us lkS o"kZ iqjkuk fjdkMZ rksM+ fn;k tcfd nqljh vksj f=iqjk ds /kjeuxj esa gqb Z
pØokrh o"kkZ ds dkj.k djhc 4000 yksx cs?kj gks x;sA blh ds pyrs ekSle foHkkx us jksuw rwQku dks ysdj
vk¡/kz Áns“k] rsyaxkuk vkSj vksfMlk ds fy, vyVZ tkjh fd;k x;kAtyok;q
ifjorZu ds fy, eq[;r% xzhu gkÅl xSlsa ftEesnkj gS ftldh otg ls
Hkkjr ds vkSlr lkekU; rkieku esa o`f} gqbZ gSA orZeku esa vesfjdk esa Áfr
O;fDr 16-6 Vu Áfro"kZ dkcZu dk mRltZu fd;k tkrk gSA tcfd phu ds
}kjk 7-4 Vu dkcZu dk mRltZu fd;k tkrk gS tcfd Hkkjr ds }kjk 1-7
Vu dkcZu dk mRltZu mijksDr ns“kksa dh rqyuk esa dkQh de gSAns“k esa
lq[ks dh fLFkfr cn~~rj gksrh tk jgh gS] 1970 ds ckn lw[ks dh la[;k esa
btkQk gqvk dqN {ks=ksa [kkldj mRrj&if’pe Hkkjr ¼>kj[k.M] vksfMlk] NRrhlx<+½ esa lw[ks dh vko`fr esa
btkQk gqvk gS ftldk lh/kk vlj Qly iSnkokj esa fxjkoV ds :i esa ns[kus dks fey jgk gSA 60 Áfr“kr
Hkkjrh; —f"k o"kkZ ij vk/kkfjr gSA
;g ns“k dh [ksrh dk Hkwty fuHkZjrk dks vf/kd c<+kus okyk dkjd gSA ;|fi fcuk tyok;q ifjorZu ds gh
ns“k esa 15 Áfr“kr Hkwty lalk/ku vR;f/kd nksgu dk f“kdkj gS] blds ckotwn rsth ls fxjrs tyLrj ls
;g lgt vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd Hkfo"; es c<+rh —f"k ds
fy, tyek¡x dks iwjk djus ds fy, bldh vfr deh dk lkeuk
djuk iM+sxkA blds fy;s ekulwuh o"kkZ dh vfuf’pr~rk esa o`f} ls
ikuh dh deh eq[; dkj.k lkfcr gks jgh gSAfcuk tyok;q ifjorZu
ds gh c<+rh vkcknh vkSj vk; esa o`f} ds pyrs oSf“od [kk| dhersa
yxkrkj vkleku Nw¡ jgh gSaA c<+rs rkieku vkSj de gksrh ckfj“k us
/kku dh iSnkokj esa de dj nh gSA ogha moZjdksa ds c<+rs bLrseky us
xsagw¡ dh iSnkokj dks jksdus dk dke fd;k gSA mRrj Hkkjr esa vR;f/kd rkieku dk xsagW¡w dh iSnkokj ij cqjk
vlj Mky jgk gSAns“k ds djhc vk/ks jkT;ksa dks lw[kk ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;k gSA Xykscy okfeZax ds dkj.k
ISSN:2456-2904 o"kZ & 3] vad & 1] ¼ tuojh & ekpZ ½] 2018 30

dqekj vkSj lkFkh ¼2018½ tyok;q ifwjorZu dk vlj% lw[kk Hkkjr
ekulwuh n“kkvksa esa ifjorZu dk ty lalk/kuksa vkSj lECkfU/kr —f"k O;oLFkk ij O;kid ÁHkko iM+ jgk gSA bu
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k vusd jkT;ksa esa Qlyksa ds u"V gksus dh ?kVuk;sa] fdlkukssa dh vkRegR;k;sa vkSj de
mRikndrk dh ?kVuk;sa vc ns[kus dks fey jgh gSAxaxk csflu ns“k ds ,d pkSFkkbZ ls Hkh T;knk HkkSxksfyd
{ks= esa QSyk gS ;g unh dfjc 45 djksM+ yksxksa dh thounkf;uh gS vkSj 60 Áfr“kr ls vf/kd yksx —f"k ls
thfodksiktZu ds fy, fuHkZj gSA
;fn blh rjg rhoz Lrj ij dkcZu mRltZu gksrk jgk rks bl lnh ds var rd xaxk csflu esa ck<+
dh laHkkoukvksa Ng xquk vf/kd Ácy gksxhA tyok;q ifjorZu ij dkaÅfly vkWu ,uthZ ,uok;jesaV ,aM
okVj ¼lhbZbZMCY;w½ dh fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd dkcZu mRltZu dh nj blh rjg mPp jgus ls c<+rh Hk;kud
lw[ks dh ?kVuk;sa tks vHkh nf{k.k ,f’k;k dh 50 Áfr“kr —f"k Hkwfe dks ÁHkkfor dj jgh gS] og 2050 rd
c<+dj 70 Áfr“kr —f"k Hkwfe dks ÁHkkfor djsxhAdsUnz ljdkj }kjk lqÁhe dksVZ esa is’k vkadM+s ds vuqlkj 10
lw[kk ÁHkkfor jkT;ksa ds dqy 254 ftys lw[kk ÁHkkfor gS ftuesa ns“k dh 33 djksM+ ls T;knk tula[;k jgrh
gSA o"kZ 2014&15 esa Hkh ns“k 162 ftyksa dks lw[kkxzLr ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA blls fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd
lw[ks dh fLFkrh Lkky nj lky Hk;kud gksrh tk jgh gSA ty ladV vkt flQZ egkjk"Vª ;k cqansy[k.M dh
leL;k ugha gS lewpk Hkkjr ty ladV ls tw> jgk gSA blesa ;g dguk xyr ugha gS fd vxyk fo“o;q)
ikuh ds fy;s yM+k tk ldrk gS
jksdus ds mik,
pwafd tyok;w ifjorZu dh leL;k dh tM+s dgha u dgha yksxksa ds thou“kSyh esa Hkh gS blfy, mlesa
lq/kkj ykus d Bksl Á;klksa ds lkFk gh ;g Hkh ns[kuk gS fd xzkeh.k fodkl vkSj 'kgjhdj.k ds rgr~ tks
reke ;kstuk;sa vkSj dk;ZØe py jgsa gSa os csrjrhc] vfu;ksftr vkSj dke pykÅ <a+x ls u pyk;s tk;saA
pqukSfr;ksa dh igpku ,oa lgHkkfxrk
ÁR;sd {ks= dh fo“ks"k tyok;q —f"k n“kk,a gksrh gSA ,sls esa tyok;q ekWMy dks fodflr djus dh
t:jr gS tks vf/kd tehuh Lrj ds ÁHkkoksa dk fo“ys"k.k djus esa l{ke gksA blds fy, ns“k esa {ks= fo“ks"k ds
fy, ckfj“k] Hkwty] feV~Vh] Qlyh; fofo/krk ij vk/kkfjr foLr`r MkVkcsl fodflr djus dh tj:r gSA
tehuh Lrj ij ty laj{k.k tSlh phtksa ds fy, fdlkuksa dh o lekt ds cqf)thfo;ksa dh lgHkkfxrk dh
t:jt gS D;ksafd ty lalk/kuksa ds Áca/ku dh vuns[kh djuk nqHkkZZX;iw.kZ gks ldrk gSA
nwljh gfjr Økafr dh 'kq:vkr
1960&70 ds n“kd esa ykbZ xbZ gfjr ØkfUr dh lgtrk dk eq[; dkj.k mUur fdLe ds cht]
jklk;fud [kkn ,oa dhVuk“kd] [kjirokjuk“kh bR;kfn eq[; Fks ftuds lqj{kk ds Áfr vklLr gqvkA ysfdu
bu lcdk feV~Vh vkSj ikuh ij foifjr vlj Hkh iM+k tks fd tyok;q ifjorZu ds lkFk gh vkSj Hk;kud
gksrk tk jgk gSA ftlds fy, tSfod [ksrh ds :i esa nwljh gfjr ØkfUr dh t:jr gSA ftldh 'kq:vkr
ns“k ds flfDde jkT; ls gks pqfd gS ftlesa flfDde dh 75 gtkj —f"k Hkwfe dks fVdkÅ [ksrh ds fy,
tSfod Hkwfe esa rCnhy dj fn;k gSA ;g lrr~ —f"k e`nk LokLF; dks csgRrj cukus esa Hkh vge ;ksxnku nsrh
gSAorZeku esa ns“k esa 7-23 yk[k gsDVs;j {ks=Qy esa 12-4 yk[k Vu tSfod mRiknu gks jgk gSA
L=ksr vuqdwyu ,oa leqnk;ksa dh {kerk dk fodkl
Hkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 2013&14 esa tyok;w vuqdwyu xfrfof/k;ksa ij 99-8 MkWyj [kpZ fd;s tks fd
2030 rd 360 vjc MkWyj ;k blls T;knk rd igq¡p tk;sxkA —f"k vkSj [kk| O;oLFkkvksa dh etcwrh ds
fy, ,oa ty lalk/kuksa ds laj{k.k vkSj mfpr mi;ksx ds fy, bu lalk/kuksa dh t:jr gSA blds lkFk gh
tkx:d leqnk; ,oa Áxfr’khy fdlku] ljdkjh Á;klksa] Ák—frd lalk/kuksa vkSj rduhdh dk csgrj rfjds
ls bLrseky dj pqukSfr;ksa ls l{ke rfjds ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA blds fy, igkM+h] lw[ks dh vk“kadk okys
{ks=ksa vkSj rVh; bykdksa ij fo“ks"k /;ku nsus dh t:jr gS D;ksafd tyok;q ifjorZu ds ÁHkkoksa ds Áfr ;s
vf/kd laosnu“khy gkssrs gSA flapkbZ Á.kkyh esa cnyko] ty Hk.Mkj.k rduhd vkSj vR;f/kd dq“ky —f"k
ty Áca/ku ls gh bu [krjksa dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ISSN:2456-2904 o"kZ & 3] vad & 1] ¼ tuojh & ekpZ ½] 2018 31
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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

Article · January 2019

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

tyok;q ifwjorZu dk vlj% lw[kk Hkkjr

ISSN:2456-2904 o"kZ & 3] vad & 1] ¼ tuojh & ekpZ ½] 2018 30

ISSN:2456-2904 o"kZ & 3] vad & 1] ¼ tuojh & ekpZ ½] 2018 31

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