Introduction to Well

Planning & Design

INAT – 2018

Presented by: Hichem Souissi

Well Planning Definition

The key to being able to safely and economically

drill a usable hole for oil and gas production.

J.J. Azar and G. Robello Samuel

Drilling Engineering, 2007

1
Introduction

 Information Required for Well Planning

– Geologist
– Drilling Engineer
 The Drilling Program
 Post Drill Analysis
 Drilling Software

2
Preparation of a Well Plan

Who is Required for Preparation of a Good Well Plan?

• Geologist and Geophysicist

• Drilling Engineer
• Completion Engineer
• Drilling Superintendent/Supervisor to be on Location
• Reservoir Engineer
• Production Engineer
• Regulatory
• Landman
• Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE)
• Legal/FCPA

3
Objectives of Well Planning
 Identify all the direct and indirect impacts on drilling a
well.
– Engineering Parameters
– Regulations, federal, state or local government
– Critical Events
• Abnormal/subnormal pressure
• Salt water flows
• Areas of tectonics

 Prepare a plan to enhance the success of the well.

– Drill in a safe manner, Safety First
– Drill efficiently, Days Planned
– Drill economically, Cost Planned 4
Information Required for Well Planning from Geology

 Well Objectives
 Area Geology
 Formation Pore Pressure and
Fracture Gradient
 Geological Evaluation Program
 List of Offset Wells/Analog Fields

5
Well Objectives

 What is the objective of the well?

– Exploration
– Development
– Workover

 What is the timescale?

– Earliest/latest spud date required

6
Area Geology
Identification of Formation Tops and Thickness to be Penetrated
– Problem zones
• Loss circulation areas
• Salt water flows
• Over pressured shales
• Time sensitive shales
• Salt
– Abnormal Conditions
• Abnormal pressure
• Abnormal temperature
• H2S and/or CO2
– Possible productive intervals
• Oil or gas
• Target – directional or vertical
– Surface Geology
• Federal Lands
• Location near residential/commercial

7
Pore Pressure Profile
Formation Pore Pressure and Fracture Gradients

– One of the most important pieces of geological

information for a drilling engineer to have for
planning a well.
• Determines placing of casing setting depths and
casing to be utilized
• Helps optimize drilling fluid to use in each hole
section of the planned wellbore

8
Example Pore Pressure Profile
Pore Pressure Profile

0'
Pore Pressure EMW, PPG
1,000'
Mud Weight, PPG
2,000'
Frac Pressure EMW, PPG
3,000'

4,000'

5,000'

6,000'

7,000'
Depth

8,000'

9,000'

10,000'

11,000'

12,000'

13,000'

14,000'

15,000'
8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0
PPG
9
Geological Evaluation Program
The logging/evaluation program should be coordinated with the
geologist for the planned well.
– The program should be worked out well in advance and
included in the approved AFE prior to spud.
• Detail on Mud Logging Program
– Interval and Type of Sampling
– Rate of Sampling, ie every 30' or 10' in productive interval
– Analysis of Samplings
• Detail of type of log(s) to be run for each hole section.
– Size of tool at maximum diameter
– Length of tool
– Required rat hole for tool
– Location of sensor(s)
– Data to be derived from log
– Of course there will always be changes due to changes in
geology while drilling and/or availability of tools when time to
log.

10
Geological Evaluation Program Cont’d

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Geological Evaluation Program Cont’d

 Coring Program
– Oriented
– Core Handling Procedures
 Production Test Requirements
 Final Status of Well
– Producing
– Suspended
– P&A’d

12
Information Needed for Effective Well Planning

 Offset Well Data/Analog Data

– Best source of information for both development and
exploration wells
• Bit Records – Offset Days vs Depth
• Mud Recaps – Offset Days vs Depth
• Mud Logs
• Daily Drilling Report Summaries
• Completion Report Summaries
• End of Well Reports
• Post Treatment Reports for Frac/Acid

13
Example Bit Record

14
Example Mud Recap

15
Example of Offset Data
0
1000 Well A

2000 Well B

3000 Well C

4000 Well D
5000 Well E
6000
7000
8000
9000
Depth, Ft

10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
17000
18000
19000
20000
8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5
MW, ppg

16
Example of Offset Data
0'

1,000' Well A

2,000'
Well B
3,000'

4,000' Well C

5,000'
Well D
6,000'

7,000' Well E

8,000'

9,000'
Depth

10,000'

11,000'

12,000'

13,000'

14,000'

15,000'

16,000'

17,000'

18,000'

19,000'
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Days
17
Example Mud Log

18
Information from Daily Drilling Reports
The following information can be obtained from offset Daily Drilling Reports
P ione e r N a t. Gre y W olf R ig #48

– Mud Properties while drilling Gabon

2500
N/A

– Leak Off Test/Formation Integrity Test

– BHA’s
L.O.T

2000
BLEED OFF

– Directional Surveys
CSG TEST

– Drill Bits Utilized

P 1500
R
E
S

– Hydraulics/Drilling Parameters S
U
R
1000
E

– Logging Program
– Tubulars 500

– Casing and Cementing Program

– Limited Geological Information 0
0 5 10 15 20 25
VOLUME (BBLS) / TIME (MINS)
30 35 40

– Limited Reservoir Characteristics

– Logistics
– Weather
– Service Companies Utilized

19
Example Drilling Report

20
Example Drilling Report Cont’d

21
Example Post Treatment Report

22
Exploratory Offset Data

 Limited information may only be available.

 Very minimum information required:
– Geological Information – Formation Tops
– Pore/Frac Pressure Information

23
Considerations for Well Planning for the Drilling Engineer

 Proposed Completion
 Casing Program
 Drilling Fluid/Mud Program
 Cementing Program
 Well Control
 BHA’s
 Hydraulics/Drilling Unit
 Drill Bit Program
 Logistics
 Drilling Time and Cost Curve

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Proposed Completion

Oil or Gas
Will There be Water? Where?
Will The Well Flow Naturally?
– Artificial Lift
Fracture Stimulation
– How many stages?
Acidized
Open or Cased Hole Completion
Metallurgy

25
Casing Program
 Production Tubing
– Minimum Size Requirement for Production
 Production Casing or Liner
– Minimum Hole Size at TD for Evaluation
 Drilling Liner
 Intermediate Casing
 Surface Casing
– Protect Freshwater Sands
 Conductor Pipe
– Driven or Set and Grouted
 Probabilistic Casing Design

26
Wellbore Schematic

27
Drilling Fluid Program
 Detailed by Hole Section
– Type of Drilling Fluid
• Water Based
• Oil Based
• Synthetic
• Air/Mist/Foam
– Range of Properties
• Density
• Viscosity
• Fluid Loss
• pH
– Maintenance During Drilling
• Solids Control
• Treatment of Contaminants

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Cementing Program
 One of the Most Critical Steps in the Completion
 Requirement for Top of Cement
– Surface Casing – Regulatory
– Production Casing – Top of Perforations
 Probable Bottom Hole Temperature
 Type of Cement
 Percent Excess
 Estimated Amount, Sacks
 Density of Cement
 Additives and Amounts
 Estimated Pump Time
 Estimated Compressive Strength
 Detail of Float Equipment and Placement of Centralizers
29
Example Cement Program
Cement Design
Density Yield Excess
BJ Services (ppg) (ft3/sx) (%) TOC
Spacer:40 bbls MCS-4 Spacer 11.5
146 ppb Barite (weighted mat’l)
0.1 gpb SS-2 (surfactant)

Lead: 600 sx Class H: 12.8 2.10 50 10,000'

65/35 Poz
6.0% Barite
0.2% Static Free
3% Potassium Chloride
0.15% CD-31 (FLC)
5% BA-90 (gas block)
10% Silica Flour
0.15% ASA-301 (FLC)
1% FL-63 (FLC)
0.001 gps FP-6L (Defoamer) 5:15 hrs Pump Time
0.4% R-8 (retarder) 500 psi 24 hr Compressive Strength at 283°F
Fluid Loss less than 125cc

Tail: 425 sx Class H: 16.2 1.47 20 13,200'

35% Silica Flour
0.65% R-8 (retarder)
3% Potassium Chloride
0.2% Static Free
1% FL-63 (FLC) 3:52 hrs Pump Time
2% BA-90 (gas block) 2,600 psi 12 hr Compressive Strength at 319°F
0.001 gps FP-6L (Defoamer) 3,100 psi 24 hr Compressive Strength at 319°F
0.1% ASA-301 (FLC) Fluid Loss less than 75cc

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Well Control
 Wellhead Specifications
– What is the required pressure rating for each section?
– Temperature, H2S
– Long lead item?
 BOP Equipment
– What is the BOP configuration for each hole section?
– Will a diverter be required?
– What are the testing requirements?
• Regulatory
• Company
 Leakoff or FIT test?
– Exploratory
– Development
31
BHA’s
 BHA design is utilized to provide control of the
wellbore direction.
 What will be the required performance of the BHA?
– Directional or Vertical Drilling
– What is the size of the target?
• Steerable Mud Motor
• Rotary Steerable Tools
• Stabilizers
• MWD
• LWD
• HWDP
• DC’s 32
Hydraulics/Drilling Unit
 Selection of Drilling Unit
– Hydraulic power requirement
• Pre-hydraulic program - Wellplan
– Rig circulating system
– Rig hoisting requirement
• Maximum load
– Drill Pipe requirement
• Hydraulic program
– Drilling Depth requirement
• Drill Pipe supplied by drilling unit

33
Drill Bit Program
 Objective is to maximize drilling rate.
 Review offset bit records.
 Have vendors prepare a Rock Strength Analysis.
 Will the bit be used with a downhole motor?
 Determine bit availability.
– Mill Tooth
– TCI
– PDC
– Diamond

34
Logistics
 Supporting Infrastructure
– Roads
– Airfields
– Support Base
 International
– Service Companies Available
– Equipment Available
 Offshore
– Weather
– Boat Availability
– Equipment
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Drilling Time and Cost Curves
 A pre drilling-time curve and pre cost-time curve
should be prepared in the well planning phase.

 A final plan drilling-time and cost-time curve should

be included in the drilling program.

 The plan and actual should be compared daily during

the drilling phase.

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Drilling Curves
Days Versus Depth
Costs Versus Depth

0' 0'

Planned
1,000' Planned 1,000'
Actual
Actual
2,000' 2,000'

3,000' 3,000'

4,000' 4,000'

5,000' 5,000'

6,000' 9⅝" Surf ace Casing 6,000'

9⅝" Surf ace Casing

7,000' 7,000'

8,000' 8,000'

Depth
Depth

9,000' 9,000'

10,000' 10,000'

11,000' 11,000'

12,000' 12,000'

13,000' 13,000'

14,000' 14,000'

15,000' 15,000'

16,000' 16,000'

17,000'
17,000'
5½" Production Casing 5½" Production Casing

18,000'
18,000'
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
0 10 20 30 40 Days 50 60 70 80 90 Costs, M$

37
Post Drilling Curves
Drilling Time Profile Drilling Cost Profile

0' 0'

Plan
1,000' 1,000'
Actual

2,000' 2,000'

Plan Actual
3,000' 3,000'

4,000' 4,000'

5,000' 5,000'

6,000' 6,000'

7,000' 7,000'

Depth 8,000' Depth 8,000'

9,000' 9,000'

10,000' 10,000'

11,000' 11,000'

12,000' 12,000'

13,000' 13,000'

14,000' 14,000'

15,000' 15,000'

16,000' 16,000'
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 $0 $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000

Days Cumulative Cost - M$

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The Drilling Program
 Provide a basis for economic and safe successful
drilling and completion of a well.
 Program Detail
– Dependent on complexity of well
– Development wells
• Minor changes in program
• Offset well information
• Update technology and products for continuous
drilling efficiency

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The Drilling Program Cont’d
 General Program
– Well Summary
– Geological Prognosis
– Pore/Fracture Pressures
– Drilling Time and Cost Curves
– Evaluation Details
• Sampling, Coring, Logging and Testing
– Casing/Cementing Details
• Test Pressures
– Drilling Fluid Details by Hole Section
– Recommended Drill Bits by Hole Section
– Recommended BHA’s by Hole Section
– Wellhead Details
• Test Pressures
– Well Control Program/BOP
• Test Pressures
– Miscellaneous
• AFE, Permits, Offset Records, Rig Contract, Service Contracts, Reporting
Requirements

40
Post-Well Analysis/End of Well Report
 Should be completed near after the end of
the well to improve performance of future
wells.
– Planning
– Engineering
– Operations
– Third Party

41
Drilling Software
 Wellview Drilling Data Management
 Siteview Site Management
Well Permitting, Surface Location Construction,
Facilities, Pipeline
 Rigview Rig and Well Project Scheduling
 Compass Directional Drilling
 Wellplan Hydraulics/Torque & Drag
 Stresscheck Casing Design
 P1 Probabilistic Cost & Time Estimating

42
Wellview Output

43
Wellplan Hydraulics Output

44
P1 Output
AFE Basis: (Mean or Time Cost
Mean 55.5 Days $9.07 MM
state percentile) (Days) ($MM)

Mean Time = 55.5 Days Mean Cost = $9.07 MM

TIME ESTIMATE COST ESTIMATE
0% 0%
10% P10 = 44.3 Days 10% P10 = $8.18 MM

Cum. Probability
20% 20%
Cum. Probability

30% 30%
40% 40%
P50 = 54.7 Days
50% 50% P50 = $9.01 MM
60% 60%
70% 70%
80% 80%
90% P90 = 67.9 Days 90% P90 = $10.07 MM
100% 100%
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
Time, days 7 9 11
Cost, US MM Dollars

P10 to P90 = 44.3 to 67.9 Days P10 to P90 = $8.18 to $10.07 MM

RISKS, OPPORTUNITIES & ASSUMPTIONS

Significant Issues (General): Significant Issues (Drilling/Completion):

Severe lost circulation potential from 250m - 900m TVD RKB

Logistical challenges of operating in a remote dessert environment Over pressured shale from 1600m to 1800m TVD RKB

Weather related (sand storm) non-productive time

45
Conclusion
 Requires Good Communication with the Team.
 Prepare a Plan to Enhance the Success of the
Well.
 Optimize a Plan to Reduce Trouble During the
Actual Operation.
 Utilize Offset Data and Post Well Data to
Maximize the Success of the Well.
 Utilize Drilling Tools to Plan the Well and
During the Drilling Phase of the Well.

46