BAHAN AJAR EXPLANATION

TEXT

Compiled by
Rahmad Isza Hendani, S.Pd

[2018]

S M A A R - R I S A L A H LU B U K L I N G G A U
 BAHAN AJAR
Sekolah : SMA
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/Semester : XI / Genap
Materi Pokok : 3.8 dan 4.8

A. Tujuan Pembelajaran :
Setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran, peserta didik diharapkan dapat:
• Mengidentifikasi persamaan dan perbedaan fungsi sosial, struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan teks
explanation terkait gejala alam dan sosial dengan benar.
• Membedakan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks explanation terkait gejala
alam dan sosial dengan benar.
• Menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks explanation.
• Menyusun teks explanation tulis denag jumlah kata minimal 150 kata

B. Pendahuluan
An explanation text is written to explain how and why something in the world happens. It is about
actions rather than things. Explanation text plays a avluable role in building and storing our
knowledge. There are differetnt types of explanation. One type explains an occurence or how
something works. A second type explains why things happen.

C. Uraian Materi Bahan Ajar

Explanation Text
1. Definition and purposes of Explanation

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Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and
cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is
often found in science, geography and history text books.
2. Generic structure of Explanation
 General statement ; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
 Sequenced explanation ; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
 Closing : closing the explanation

3. Language Feature
 Using simple present tense
is the tense used to express an action or activity that takes place / happening at the current
time in a simple form, activity or work performed repeatedly, daily habits, events or actions that
have nothing to do with time, and to express general truths.

 Simple Present Tense using this type of "TO BE 1" and "VERB 1"
 TO BE 1 consists of: am, is, are (for more information, see the following table)
I Am
You
They Are
We
Heigh
She Is
It
NOTE
 DO and DOES use the interrogative sentence.
 DO NOT (DO NOT) and DOES NOT (DOES NOT) used in negative sentences.
 1 TO BE (am, is, are) used when a sentence no verb element ( NON VERB )

 Formulas and Example Sentence Simple Present Tense

Sentence expressing Simple Present Tense using verbs ( VERB )
+ 1 Subject + Verb + Object
- Subject + DO / DOES 1 + Verb + Object
? DO / DOES 1 + Subject + Verb + Object?
? Question Word + DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1?
 Example:
+
I speak English everyday
She speaks English everyday
- I do not speak English
She does not speak English
Do you speak English?
Answer : Yes I do, or No, I do not
?
Does she speak English?
Answer : Yes She does, or No, She does not
? Why do you speak English everyday?
 Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc

Chronological order refers to ordering events in accordance with the time sequence in which they
occurred.
  Using Passive Voice pattern
The main key of Passive Voice is : “Be + Verb3”
Be Verb 3
Am, is, are, was, were, be, Written, Read, Taken, Gone,
been, being Opened, Typed, Started,
Baked etc.
Example :
Active : Passive :
1. Joni opens the door  The door is opened by Joni
2. Andi wrote a letter  A letter was written by Andi
3. You have read the book.  The book has been read by you.

4. Examples and structures of the text

Making Paper from Woodchips
Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from
forest trees.
A general statement
The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected
area of the forest called a coupe.
Next, the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are
taken to the mill.

A sequenced At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a

explanation of chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips.

why or how The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities.At this

something occurs stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals
and heat.
The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.
Closing Finally, the pulp is rolled out to make paper.
D. Rangkuman

An explanation is a piece of writing that gives straightforward information. It explains the

processes relate to the formation of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomenon.
 a. Text organization
- General statement
this part presents the subject that is going to be explained.
- Explanation
the supporting paragraphs are known as explanation. The explanation statements are in
chronological order to illustrate how the subject came in to existence how it works
.
b. Communicative purpose
To enable the reader to understand the process involved in the formation or the working of a
phenomenon.

c. Language feature
- Simple present tense
- Passive voice
- Noun phrases
- General and abstract nouns

E. Pengayaan
Please visit and watch the videos and discuss with your friends!
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGHQ0dL_ZHo
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmWh9jV_1ac

F. Remedial
1. Read this following text then study the analysis!
2. Discuss your study with your friends!

TSUNAMI
The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and wave ("nami").
A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive
scale.
A tsunami will be generated when the seafloor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the
overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries.
Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunami, and occur where denser
oceanic plates slip under continental plates.
As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it
radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water
behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the
coastal area.
A. Generic Structure
1. General Statement
The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and wave ("nami").
A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive
scale.
2. Squenced of Explanation
A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the
overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries.
Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunami, and occur where denser
oceanic plates slip under continental plates.
As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it
radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.

3. Closing
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water
behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the
coastal area.

B. Language Features

• Use simple present tense

A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a
massive scale.

• Use Passive Voice

A tsunami will be generated when the seafloor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the
overlying water.

• Use abstract noun

 Vertical
 Horizontal
 Height
• Conjuction of time
 When
(when the seafloor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water)
(when water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale).

• Action Verb
 Movement
 Moves

• Noun Phrases
A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a
massive scale.

• Adverbial Phrases
lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.

• Complex sentences
• A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a
massive scale.

Explanation :
1. A tsunami is a series of waves generated (main clause), while
2. when water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale (subordinate clause)
• A tsunami will be generated when the seafloor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying
water.
Explanation :
1. A tsunami will be generated (main clause), while
2. when the seafloor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water (subordinate clause).
Explanation text (text explanation) is a text that contains the processes associated with natural
phenomena, soisal, science, culture and more. An Explanation text is usually derived from the
corresponding author questions 'why' and 'how' of a phenomenon.

C. THE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.

1. Communicative purpose of Explanation Text
Explanation communicative purpose of the text is to explain the processes that occur in the
formation or activity associated with natural phenomena, social, scientific, cultural, and others aimed at
explaining.

2. Generic structur Explanation Text

There are three sections in the Text Explanation sentence structure, namely:

1. A general statement
In a general statement contains a general explanation of the phenomenon that will be discussed,
this phenomenon could be the introduction or explanation.

2. A squenced of explanation
A squenced of explanation contains an explanation of why the phenomenon may occur or be
created. A squenced of explanation in the form of answers to the question 'why' and 'how' the author when
making an Explanation text. In squenced of explanation may consist of more than one paragraph.

3. Closing
Actually closing was not listed in the generic structure of the Explanation text, but most people
assume that the last paragraph of the Explanation text is closing, but it is part of squenced of explantaion
that contains the final steps described in the section squenced of explanation.

3. Language features Explanation Text

In a text explanation, there are linguistic traits as below, namely:
• Using simple present tense
• mengguankan abstract noun (nouns that appear)
• Passive voice mengguanakan
• Using Action verbs

G. Sumber Belajar
- http://www.kakapintar.com/explanation-text-pengertian-tujuan-ciri-generic-structure/
- https://youtube.com
- Bashir, Makhrukh. 2017. Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI kementrian Pendidikan dan kebudayaan.
Jakarta : Kementrian Pendidikan dan kebudayaan