SCHAUM'S SOLVED
PROBLEMS SERIES
2000 SOLVED PROBLEMS IN
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
THERMODYNAMICS
by
Peter E. LUey, Ph.D.
Purdue Üniversity
McGRAW-HIIX PUBLISHING COMPANY
New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas
Hamburg Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan
Montreal New Delhi Oklahoma City Paris San Juan
Säo Paulo Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 BASIC C O N C E P T S
Pressure / Volume / Temperature / Mass / Mass Flow Rate / Capacity /
Velocity / Acceleration of Gravity / Work and Energy
Chapter 2 T H E R M O D Y N A M I C P R O P E R T I E S O F F L U I D S . I D E A L GASES
Ideal Gas Processes / Real Fluid Processes / One- and Two-Phase Processes /
Tabular Data Acquisition / Quality / Compressibility Factor / Cntical Point /
Specific Heat at Constant Pressure / Enthalpy of Vaporization / Enthalpy of
Fusion / Enthalpy of Sublimation / Entropy Change / Gas Constant (Pure
Substances) / Gas Constant (Mixtures) / Steam Table Usage / Ideal Gas
Equation / Tds Equations / Miscellaneous
Chapter 3 FIRST A N D S E C O N D LAWS O F T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S F O R
C L O S E D SYSTEMS 64
First Law of Thermodynamics / ßoundary Work / Paddle-Wheel Work / Spring
Work / Electrical Work / Joule's Law / Mixing / Heat and Work Reservoirs /
Incompressible Materials / Second Law of Thermodynamics / Entropy
Principle / Heat Conduction / Miscellaneous
98
Chapter 4 R E A L F L U I D S . (11- H
Generalized Compressibility Factor Charts / Critical Point / The Maxwell
Relations / Ciausius-Clapeyron Equation / Joule-Thompson Coefficient /
Derived Latent-Heat Equations / Generalized Thermodynamic Relations / Vina!
Expansion / Phase Transitions / Miscellaneous
Chapter 5 STEADY A N D T R A N S I E N T FLOWS 138
Continuity Equation / Energy Equation for Steady Flow / Subsonic Nozzle
Flow / Throttling Calorimeter / Separating and Throttling Calorimeter /
Incompressible Fluids / Subsonic Diffusers / Turbines / Compressors / Heat
Exchangers; Fluid Mixing / Joint Mass and Energy Conservation / Entropy
Generation / Transient Flow / Miscellaneous and Shorter Problems
Chapter 6 T H E C A R N O T C Y C L E 172
Air Carnot Cycle / Carnot Heat Pump / Carnot Refrigerator / R12 Carnot
Refrigerator / R12 Carnot Heat Pump / R12 Carnot Heat Engine / Water
Substance Carnot Refrigerator / Water Substance Carnot Heat Pump / Water
Substance Carnot Heat Engine / Stacked Carnot Refrigerators / Stacked Carnot
Heat Pumps / Stacked Carnot Heat Engines / Carnot Heat Engine Dnving a
Carnot Refrigerator / Clausius Inequality
191
Chapter 7 GAS C Y C L E S
The iPa Cycle / The iVa Cycle / Lenoir Cycle; Further lPa and iVa Cycles /
Otto Cycle / Diesel Cycle / Sabatier-Trinkler, or Dual, Cycle / Atkinson Cycle /
A-L-A-L Cycle / Miscellaneous Cycles / Open Systems: Brayton and Stirling
Cycles
234
Chapter 8 VAPOR CYCLES
252
Chapter 9 PSYCHROMETRY
Basic Notions / Simple Heating or Cooling / Heating and Humidincation /
Evaporative Cooling / Cooling Towers / Dehumidification with Reheating /
Heating or Cooling / Adiabatic Mixing / Work Interactions (Fanning) / Air
Conditioning / Respiration
iv 0 CONTENTS
Chapter 10 R E F R I G E R A T I O N 276
Carnot Refrigerator / Brayton Refrigerator / Vapor Refrigeration Cycle / Air
Liquefaction / Stacked Cycles
Chapter 11 C O M B U S T I O N : FIRST LAW A N D E Q U A T I O N B A L A N C I N G 290
Combustion Equations / Orsat Analysis / Enthalpy of Formation / First-Law
Considerations / Higher and Lower Heating Values
Chapter 12 T H E S E C O N D LAW A P P L I E D TO C O M B U S T I O N 310
Basic Concepts / Dissociation of a Single Substance / Heat Effects of
Dissociation / Miscellaneous Topics
Chapter 13 M I S C E L L A N E O U S T O P I C S 322
Statistical Thermodynamics / Transport Properties / Gaseous Thermal
Conductivity / Liquid Thermal Conductivity / Gaseous Viscosity / Liquid
Viscosity / Various / Closed-System Availability / Open-System Availability
Chapter 14 S U P P L E M E N T A L A N D REVISORY P R O B L E M S 336
Chapter 1 / Chapter 2 / Chapter 3 / Chapter 4 / Chapter 5 / Chapter 6 /
Chapter 7 / Chapter 8 / Chapter 9 / Chapter 10 / Chapter 11 / Chapter 12 /
Chapter 13 / Miscellaneous
Appendix A Properties of Water Substance 369
Appendix B Properties of Superheated Air at Atmospheric Pressure 381
Appendix C Properties of Refrigerant 12 384
Appendix D Molecular Weights and Critical Parameters of 25 C o m m o n Fluids 391
Appendix E Compressibility Factor Charts 392
Appendix F Psychrometric Tables and Charts 395
Appendix G Thermochemical Tables 400
Appendix H Temperature Dependence of the Equilibrium Constant for Several
Gaseous Dissociations 405
