- 2013 TYDZIEŃ JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH level 3

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WATCHING THE BRAIN AT WORK

Scientist are using the PET scan - a shorthand for position emission tomography – to map parts of the brain.
Using PET scanners, scientists are able to watch the living brain at work as it deals with reading, listening, looking and
thinking.

Every mental activity, such as looking at an empty computer screen or evaluating a screen full of complex
information, is accompanied by an increase in the need for oxygen, blood flow and glucose within the brain. Those parts
of the brain that are the most active require the most energy. Scientists only needed to find a way to monitor oxygen,
glucose and blood flow to discover what areas of the brain are active.

In order to make PET scans, scientists inject into volunteer subjects arms a low and harmless water dosage of a
radioactive isotope, oxygen 15. After ten seconds, when the isotope reaches the brain the PET scanner is turned on. The
subject is instructed, for example, to look at a screen and repeat the words shown. A ring for radiation detectors is
attached to volunteer’s head. A computer processes and translates the signals from the radioactive isotope into a changing
picture of the brain doing its work.
The amount of radioactivity varies directly with the work being done by different brain areas. A screen displays
the psychedelic and shimmering results. The colours show different parts of the brain lightining up as people read, listen,
speak or even think about a word’s meaning. The colours in the images correspond to levels of brain activity. Red areas
represent spots of intense activity; blue areas show relative inactivity.
The visual areas involved in reading are isolated through a process of image subtraction developed at
Washinghton University School of Medicine in St. Louis. This technique lets the scientists see exactly what areas of the
brain are occupied during a particular activity. For example, the first image caused by volunteer looking at an empty
screen is subtracted from the second image obtained when he was silently looking at words on a screen. This procedures a
third image that isolates the brain areas involved in reading alone.
PET scans promise to provide new understanding of how different regions of the brain work during our mental
activities.

1. Find synonyms to the following words in the text

1. to be escorted - …………….………
2. to be separated - ……………………
3. to supply - ………………………….
4. intellectual - ………………………..

2. Read the text carefully and decide whether sentences are true or false?
1. Each area of the brain is active. ……
2. Oxygen 15 injected into the subjects’ blood is very dangerous to their health. ……
3. Signals coming from detectors placed on the subjects’s heads are processed by a computer. ……
4. Brain areas of intensive mental activity are marked on the screen by red spots. ……
5. Image subtraction is a special technique of isolating simple information from complex signals. ……

3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word.

1. Oh well, I am quite late, ………………. …….. (be)I?
2. She had no idea he (leave) ................................... a long time before.
3. Do you think it’s easy to stop (smoke) ……………................. ?
4. Susan wants her (know) .......................................... all about her marriage problems.
5. The doctor let him (go back) ......................................... to work.
6. If you go away now, your friends (miss) ............................. you.
7. It’s very cold today. I hope it (be) .................................. warmer so that we could go for a walk.
8. His latest hits ……………………….. (record already) in the UK.
9. I wouldn’t dare to climb (a/an/the/Ø) ………………… Mount Blanc in winter.
10. He wondered who ……………………….. (make) all this mess.

4. Rewrite the sentences using the prompts without changing their meaning
1. I can’t stop smoking. (give up)
I ....................................................................................................................
 2. The queue was so long that we had to wait for an hour to get in.
There was ................................. that we had to wait for an hour to get in.
3. There’s somebody behind us. (follow)
We ................................................................................................................
4. My neighbour disappeared a year ago. (see)
Nobody .........................................................................since then.
5. When I was young I usually watched cartoons few hours a week. (use to)
When ............................................................................................................
6. People believe they are charming
They ...................................................................... to be charming.
Why don’t we ask mum for help with the cake?
Shall ………………………………………………………………?
7. The evidence proves that he was murdered between six and ten o’clock last night. (must)
He …….........................................................................................................
8. If nation continue to dump nuclear waste at sea, the oceans will become poisoned. (carry on)
If nations ........................................................................................................
9. You’re going to end up in prison if you don’t change your habits.
Unless …….....................................................................................................

4. Correct grammatical mistakes. In each sentence there is one mistake.

1. I can see a lot of sheeps over there.
2. Our school has repainted recently and it looks really great!
3. He asked her how much money did he take.
4. When have you visited the capital of the USA?
5. Susan says me that she has seen them after school today.

5. Supply the correct form of the verb

1. It was a ……….……… episode in the country’s history. SHAME
2. It was a complete ……..……… due to poor planning. FAIL
3. He missed the ………….….. of his train by a minute. DEPARTURE
4. The king’s ………….……… organized a revolution. OPPOSE
5. She received a lot of ……………….. from her mother. ENCOURAGE
6. The level of ………………….. has risen again lately. EMPLOY
7. The man was accused of two …………………. . MUG
8. Our country is facing a lot of problems caused by ….... . POOR
 TYDZIEŃ JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH LEVEL 1

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The story of the Beatles

The popularity of superstars, even the greatest of them, seldom lasts very long. The idols of today are forgotten
tomorrow. And yet from time to time there are exceptions – and the Beatles are such an exception. Their last
concert took place on the 29th of August, 1966. That was a long time ago, but the Beatles are not forgotten.
Fashions in pop music is changing all the time but a great many people still like the songs of the Beatles as
much as ever.
Let us now quickly run over their career. It began in Liverpool in the early sixties - at the place called Cavern
Club, in a small and stuffy cellar. The Beatles played and sang there during lunchtime. A man called Brian
Epstein, who was the owner of a record shop, came to one of their concerts and liked them very much. He
became their manager and made them famous. He got them a contract with EMI, a famous record-producing
firm, and in 1962 a Beatles single, Love me do, entered the British Hit Parade. In the next few years the Beatles
made one record after another, gave concerts and acted in films. They became famous all over the world. After
Epstein’s death in 1967 their fortunes began to change. The Beatles quarreled and soon each of them went his
own way. John Lennon became a soloist and later took to buying and selling apartments in New York. Paul
McCartney founded his own pop group. George Harrison turned to charity work. Ringo Starr became a film
star. And then, in 1980, John Lennon was murdered in New York.
The Beatles are no more. But in 1982 the same Beatles song, Love me do, was again in the Top Ten of the
British Hit Parade.

1. True (T) or false (F)

1. If you are a star you will for 100% lose your popularity soon. .…………
2. The career of the Beatles began before 1968. ………….
3. Brian Epstein was the owner of a record-producing firm. ………….
4. One of the Beatles had his own band. ………….
5. One of the Beatles helped people who were in need. .................

2. Find synonyms of the following words in the text

1. rarely - ……………………
2. remember - …………………..
3. rapidly - ……………………
4. luck - ……………………
5. to create - ……………………

3. Write the missing parts of the speech:

1. …………… - Welsh 6. …………… - mysterious

2. the Netherlands - …………………… 7. romance - ……………………
3. bore - …………………… 8. similarity - ……………………
4. …………… - beautiful 9. marriage - ……………………
5. sadness - ………………….... 10. …………… - successful

5. Choose the correct answer’

1. The Romans had a huge army and they …………. defeat any other army of the ancient world.
a) could b) can c) is able to d) must
2. I was taking a bath while my father ……..... a book.
a) read b) were reading c) readed d) was reading
3. I know! I …….. ask my mother to help me with this work!
a) am going to b) am asking c) ask d) will ask
4. The news I heard yesterday …….. very surprising.
a) are b) were c) have been d) was
 5. Yes, I know it is an ideal opportunity but I am not really …………. in it.
a) interested b) interesting c) exciting d) curious
6. You ………… worry about your last exam. I’m sure you’ll get 6!
a) must b) mustn’t c) have d) don’t have to
7. Can I have ……. apples, please?
a) half kilo of b) half a kilo of c) a pocket d) a box
8. I think she ……….. cut her hair short. Now she’s looking awfully with this long hair.
a) have b) mustn’t c) should d) can
9. Now pupils …………. that poem, very well.
a) are understanding b) understand c) understands d) are going to understand
10. I’m bored. Let’s do something. What about …………… the huge mountain?
a) walking b) climbing c) rock climb d) going
6. Correct the sentences. There is one mistake In each sentence
1. A water in the lake is very dirty. …………………………….
2. My father didn’t has to pass that exam. …………………………….
3. That’s looking delicious. …………………………….
4. She can play the guitar five years ago. …………………………….
5. I very much love films with Al Pacino. …………………………….
6. The Queen lived nearly two thousand year ago. …………………………….
7. It sound really interesting. …………………………….
8. Tom hates active films. …………………………….
9. I’m going for holiday next Tuesday. …………………………….
10. I’ve got short brown hairs. …………………………….
7. Use the correct tense
1. She …………………… (see) the police car while she …………………… (drive) to work last Monday.
2. I'm sure you ……………………. (get) married one day.
3. Unless you …………………… (learn) harder, you …………… (not pass) the exams.
4. If you …………….. (be) the president of the country, what …………………………. (do)?
5. Since when ………………….. (you, live) there?

TYDZIEŃ JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH LEVEL 2

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The Tragedy of the Titanic

One of the greatest sea tragedies that have ever happened was the loss of the “Titanic”.
The British steamship was built in 1912. It was the largest ship and people thought that it was the safest. On
April 10th, 1912 the “Titanic” left Southampton for New York. It was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of
891.
For the firs few days everything was going well. The sea was calm and the weather beautiful. On the night of
April 14th people were dancing and laughing with no thought of danger.
Suddenly, just before midnight, a man spotted a huge iceberg rising out of the water in front of the ship. The
alarm was given immediately. The captain found, to his horror, that the ship was severely damaged. The
“Titanic” was sinking and nobody could do anything to save it.
Just after the alarm, it turned out that there was not enough life-boats for all passengers. Those who didn’t get
life-boats were jumping into ice-cold water. The “Titanic” sank in two and half hours. More than fifteen
hundred lives were lost.
The tragedy of the “Titanic” made a huge impression upon the people. Books have been written and films have
been made about it. Since that it has been necessary for ocean liners to have enough life-boats for all the
passengers and the crew.

1. True (T) or false (F)

1. On April 10th, 1912 the “Titanic was sailing to New York. .…………
2. Is took over 2200 travelers. ………….
3. From the beginning of the travel something was wrong. ………….
4. Many people died because they couldn’t swim. ………….
5. More than 1500 people died in the tragedy. .................
2. Find synonyms of the following words in the text
1. the biggest - …………………… (1) …………………… (2)
2. noticed - ………………….. (3)
3. seriously - …………………… (4)
4. obligatory - …………………… (5)

3. Write the missing parts of the speech:

1. …………… - Welsh 6. …………… - mysterious
2. the Netherlands - …………………… 7. …………… - mysterious
3. bore - …………………… 8. similarity - ……………………
4. …………… - angry 9. marriage - ……………………
5. sadness - ………………….... 10. …………… - successful

4. Put in to, for or on, in where necessary.

1. I’m going …..…. France next week.
2. Rachel often goes ..……. sailing.
3. Sue went …..…. Mexico last year.
4. Would you like to go …..…. the cinema this evening?
5. Jack goes …..…. jogging ………… every morning.
6. It’s late. I must go …..…. home now.
7. Martin is going …..…. holiday …..…. Italy ……….. next week.
8. We arrived …………….. home.

5. Use the correct tense

1. She …………………… (see) the police car while she …………………… (drive) to work last Monday.
2. I'm sure you ……………………. (get) married one day.
3. Unless you …………………… (learn) harder, you …………… (not pass) the exams.
4. If you …………….. (be) the president of the country, what …………………………. (do)?
5. Since when ………………….. (you, live) there?
6. Complete these sentences with all, everything or everybody.
1. It was a good party. …………………….. enjoyed it.
 2. …………………….. I’ve eaten today is a sandwich.
3. …………………….. has their faults. Nobody is perfect.
4. Kate told me …………………………… about her new job. It sounds quite interesting.
5. Nothing has changed. ……………………………… is the same as it was.
6. Can ………………………………… write their names on a piece of paper, please?

7. Write questions to the underlined parts of the sentences.

1. There was a new member in our sport club. ..........................................................................................
2. We should be at the age of 18 to get our driving licence. ......................................................................
3. There were thousands of opportunities for children in your area. .........................................................
4. Defforestation means cutting down all trees in an area. .......................................................................
5. There were not many female scientists. ................................................................................................