EXERCISE-I

2
x
   x  
a 
Lim 
Q 1. x →∞  cos  2 π    a ∈R
   1 + x   
 
sin −1 (1 − {x}).cos −1 (1 − {x})
Q 2. Let f(x) = then find xLim
→0+
f(x) and xLim
→0−
f(x), where {x} denotes the fractional
2{x} . (1 − {x})
part function.
1  a2 + x2  aπ   πx  
Q 3. Lim  − 2 sin   sin    where a is an odd integer
x→a (a − x 2 ) 2
2  ax  2   2 

a
Q 4. (a) Lim tan −1 2 where a ∈R
x →0 x
 2x x
(b) Plot the graph of the function f(x) = Lim  tan −1 2 
t→0  π t 
Lim (1n(1 + x) − 1n 2)(3.4 x −1 − 3x )
Q 5. x →1 1 1

[(7 + x) − (1 + 3x ) ].sin( x − 1)
3 2

1
Q6. Given f (x)= Lim
n→∞
tan –1 (nx); g (x) = Lim
n→∞
sin 2n x and sin(h(x) ) = [cos π(g(x)) +cos(2 f (x))]
2
Find the domain and range of h (x).
x
Q 7. Let f (x ) = , x>0 and g (x ) = x + 3, x <1
sin x
= 2 − x, x ≤ 0 = x 2 − 2x − 2, 1 ≤ x < 2
= x − 5, x≥2
find LHL and RHL of g (f (x ) ) at x = 0 and hence find Lim g( f ( x ) ).
x→0
Pn
Let Pn = a − 1 , ∀ n = 2, 3,.......and Let P1 = ax – 1 where a ∈ R + then evaluate Lim
Pn −1
Q 8. .
x →0 x

(3x 4 + 2x 2 ) sin 1x + | x |3 +5
Q 9. xLim
→−∞
| x |3 + | x |2 + | x | +1
2f ( x ) + 1
Q.10. If f (x ) = ln cosec ( xπ) 0 < x < 1 and g (x) = then
= ln sin (2 xπ) 1< x <3/2 3f ( x ) + 1
find tan ( g (1 )) and sec ( g (1+ )) .
–1 − –1

Q.11. At the end-points and the midpoint of a circular arc AB tangent lines are drawn, and the points A and B
are joined with a chord. Prove that the ratio of the a as of the two triangles thus formed tends to 4 as the
arc AB decreases indefinitely.

  ay   by  
 exp  x ln(1 + ) − exp x1n (1 + ) 
 x   x 
Q 12. Lim  Limit
x →∞ y 
y →0
 
 
Q 13. If sn be the sum of n terms of the series, sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x +..... + sin nx then show that
Limit s1 + s 2 + ...... + s n = 1 cot x (x ≠ 2 kπ , k ∈ I)
n→∞
n 2 2

Limits, continuity & Differentiability

  ln (1 + x)1 + x 1 
Q 14. Lim  − 
x →0 x2
 x
23 − 1 33 − 1 4 3 − 1 n3 −1
Q 15. Let Pn = . 3 . 3 ....... 3 . Evaluate Lim Pn
2 +1 3 +1 4 +1
3
n +1 n →∞
π
Q 16. A circular arc of radius 1 subtends an angle of x radians, 0 < x < as shown in
2
the figure. The point C is the intersection of the two tangent lines at A & B. Let
T(x) be the area of triangle ABC & let S(x) be the area of the shaded region.
Compute :
(a) T(x) (b) S(x) & (c) the limit of T (x ) as x → 0.
S(x )
x  
Q 17. (a) Lim (b) Lim  x + x + x − x
x →∞ x →∞  
x+ x+ x
 2 θ 
n

Q 18. If f (n, θ)= ∏ 1 − tan r  , then compute Lim f (n, θ)

r =1  2  n →∞
x −a
x x
a − x
x a
Q 19. Let l = Lim
x→a
& m = Lim
→
where a > 0. If l = m then find the value of ' a '.
x−a x a x− a
x2
 π
 cosh  et + e−t 2 (tan x − sin x) − x 3
Q 20. Lim  x  where cosh t = Lim
Q 26. x → 0
x→∞  π  2 x5
 cos 
 x 
Q 21. Through a point A on a circle, a chord AP is drawn & on the tangent at A a point T is taken such that
AT = AP. If TP produced meet the diameter through A at Q, prove that the limiting value of AQ when P
moves upto A is double the diameter of the circle.

Q 22. Show that Lim

(sin (x + h) ) x + h
− (sin x) x
= (sin x)x [ x cot x + l n sin x ]
h →0
h

Limits, continuity & Differentiability

 EXERCISE–II
 1 for 0≤x≤2
 x −3 1
Q.1. Discuss the continuity of the function ‘f’ defined as ws : f(x) =  x + 1 for 2 < x ≤ 4 and draw the
 x +1
 x − 5 for 4 < x ≤ 6

graph of the function for x ∈ [0, 6]. Also indicate the nature of discontinuities i any.
Q.2 If f(x) = x + {-x} + [x] , where [x] is the integral part & {x} is the fractional part of x. Discuss the
continuity of f in [ -2 , 2 ].

 ax − b for x ≤1
Q.3. Find the locus of (a, b) for which the function f (x)  3x for 1 < x < 2
 2
 bx − a for x≥2
is continuous at x = 1 but discontinuous at x = 2.
Q.4 Prove that the inverse of the discontinuous function y = (1 + x 2 ) sgn x is a continuous function.
x n f (x ) + h (x ) + 1 sin 2 (π·2 x )
Q.5 Let g (x) = Lim
n →∞ 2x n + 3x + 3
, x ≠ 1 and g (1) = x →1
Lim
(
l n sec(π·2 x ) )
be a continuous function

at x = 1, find the value of 4 g (1) + 2 f (1) – h (1). Assume that f (x) and h (x) are continuous at x = 1.
Q.6 If g : [a, b] onto [a, b] is continous show that there is some c ∈ [a, b] such that g (c) = c.
 2 + cos x 3 
Q.7 The function f(x) =  3 − 
 x sin x x 4  is not defined at x = 0. How should the function be defined at
x = 0 to make it continuous at x = 0. Use of expansion of trigonometric functions and L′ Hospital’s rule
is not allowed.
a sin x − a tan x
Q.8 f (x) = for x > 0
tan x − sin x
ln (1 + x + x 2 ) + ln (1 − x + x 2 )
= for x < 0, if f is continuous at x = 0, find 'a'
sec x − cos x
 x
now if g (x) = ln  2 −  · cot (x – a) for x ≠ a, a ≠ 0, a > 0. If g is continuous at x = a then show that
 a
g(e–1 ) = – e
Q.9(a) Let f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x , y & if the function f(x) is continuous at x = 0 , then show that f(x) is
continuous at all x.
(b) If f(x . y) = f(x). f(y) for all x ,y and f(x) is continuous at x = 1. Prove that f(x) is ontinuous for all x except
at x = 0. Given f(1) ≠ 0.
 x 
n
Q.10 Given f (x) = ∑ tan  xr  sec  r − 1  ; r , n ∈ N
2 
r =1 2 

( )( ) [ ( )]
n
l n f (x ) + tan xn − f (x ) + tan xn . sin tan x
Limit 2 2 2
g (x) = n → ∞
( )
n
1 + f (x ) + tan xn
2
π
= k for x = and the domain of g (x) is (0 , π/2).
4
where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function.
Find the value of k, if possible, so that g(x) is continuous at x = π/4. Also state the points of discontinuity

Limits, continuity & Differentiability

 of g (x) in (0 , π/4) , if any.
f (x )
Q.11 Let f (x) = x 3 – x 2 – 3x – 1 and h (x) = where h is a function such that
g (x )
1
(a) it is continuous every where except when x = – 1, (b) Lim h ( x ) = ∞ and (c) Lim h (x ) = .
x →∞ x → −1 2
Find Lim (3h (x ) + f ( x) − 2g (x ))
x→0
Q.12 Let f be continuous on the interval [0, 1] to R such t f (0) = f (1). Prove that there exists a point c in
 1  1
0, 2  such that f (c) = f  c + 2 
Q.13. Let [x] denote the greatest integer function & f(x) be defined in a neighbourhood of 2 by
[ x +1]

 (exp {( x +2) ln4}) −16
4
, x <2
f (x) =  4x −16 .
 1− cos ( x −2)
 A ( x −2) tan( x −2) , x >2

Find the values of A & f(2) in order that f(x) may be inuous at x = 2.

( ( ))
 π − sin −1 1 − {x}2 . sin −1 (1 − {x})
 2 for x ≠ 0
Q.14 Let f(x) =  (
2 {x} − {x}3 ) where {x} is the fractional part of x.
 π
 2 for x = 0

Consider another function g(x) ; such that

g(x) = f(x) for x ≥ 0
= 2 2 f(x) for x < 0
Discuss the continuity of the functions f(x) & g(x) at x = 0.
 4 x − 5 [x ] for x > 1
Q.15 Discuss the continuity of f in [0,2] where f(x) =  ; where [x] is the greatest
[cos π x ] for x ≤ 1
integer not greater than x. Also draw the graph.
Q 16. State whether True or False.
1
(a) f(x) = Limit is continuous at x = 1.
n→ ∞ 1 + n sin 2 π x

(b) The function f(x) = 2x (x 3 − 1) + 5 x (1 − x 4 ) + 7x 2 (x − 1) + 3x + 2 is continuous at x = 1.

(c) There exists a continuous function f: [0, 1] → [0, 10], but
there exists no continuous function g : [0, 1] → (0, 10).

(d) (
Let ‘f’ be a continuous function on R. If f (1/4n) = sin e n e − n +) 2

n +1
2
n2
then f(0) is 1
 e [x ]+ x − 2 
Q.17 f(x) = 
x .  , x ≠ 0 & f(0) = −1 where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x.
[ ]
 x + x


Test the differentiability of f(x) at x = 0.

Limits, continuity & Differentiability

Q.18 The function

ax( x − 1) + b when x < 1


f ( x) =  x − 1 when 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
 px 2 + qx + 2 when x > 3

Find the values of the constants a, b, p, q so that
(i) f(x) is continuous for all x
(ii) f ' (1) does not exist
(iii) f '(x) is continuous at x = 3
a 1/ x − a −1/ x
Q.19 Examine the function , f (x) = x. , x ≠ 0 (a > 0) and f (0) = 0 for continuity and existence of
a 1/ x + a −1/ x
the derivative at the origin.
Q.20 Discuss the continuity on 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 & differentiability at x = 0 for the function.
1 1
f(x) = x .sin .sin where x ≠ 0 , x ≠ 1/ rπ & f(0) = f (1/ rπ) = 0 ,
x x .sin 1x
r = 1, 2, 3,.........
Q.21 Discuss the continuity & the derivability of 'f' where f (x) = degree of (u x² + u² + 2u − 3) at x = √2.
Q.22 Let f (x) be a function defined on (–a, a) with a > 0. Assume that f (x) is continuous at x = 0 and
f ( x) − f (kx )
Lim = α , where k ∈ (0, 1) then compute f ' (0+ ) and f ' (0– ), and comment upon the
x→0 x
differentiability of f at x = 0.
Q.23 Let f(x) be a real valued function not identically zer satisfies the equation,
f(x + y n) = f(x) + (f(y))n for all real x & y and f ′ (0) ≥ 0 where n (> 1) is an odd natural number. Find
f(10).
Q.24 Fill in the blanks :
a. If f(x) = sin x & g(x) = x3 then f[g(x)] is ______ & ______ at x = 0. (State continuity and derivability)
b. Let f(x) be a function satisfying the condition f(− x) = f(x) for all real x. If f ′(0) exists, then its value is
______.
c. The number of points at which the function f(x) = max. {a − x, a + x, b}, − ∞ < x < ∞, 0 < a < b cannot
be differentiable is ______.

   [x ] +2 [− x ]  − 5 
   x  
(
log a [x ] + [− x ]
) a 
x
for x ≠ 0 ; a > 1
d. Given f(x) = 
a  x
1  where [ ] represents the integral
 3+a 
  
 0 for x = 0

part function, then is ______ & ______ at x = 0. (Stat continuity and derivability)
e. A function f(x) = x [1 + (1/3) sin (lnx²)], x ≠ 0.[ ] = integral part f(0) = 0. Then is ______ at x = 0. (State
continuity)

Limits, continuity & Differentiability

 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE–I

2 2 π π π a +4
2 2
Q 1. e − 2 π a
Q 2.
, Q 3.
2 2 2 16a 4
Q 4. (a) π/2 if a > 0 ; 0 if a = 0 and – π/2 if a < 0 (b) f(x) = | x |
9 4 nπ
Q 5. − 1n Q 6. Domain, x ∈ R, Range, x = , n ∈I Q 7. – 3, –3, – 3
4 e 2
Q 8. (ln a)n Q 9. −2 Q 10. 0, 0 Q. 11 4
2
Q 12. a - b Q 14. 1/2 Q 15.
3
1 x x sin x 1 1 3
Q 16. T(x) = tan 2 . sin x or tan − , S(x) = x − sin x , limit =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Q 17. (a) 1 (b)

1
Q 18.
θ Q 19. a = e2 Q 20. e
π 2

2 tan θ
1
Q 21.
4

Limits, continuity & Differentiability

 EXERCISE–II
Q 1. discontinuous at x = 1, 4 & 5
Q 2. discontinuous at all integral values in [− 2 , 2]
Q 3. locus (a, b) → x, y is y = x – 3 excluding the points where y = 3 intersects it.
1
Q 5. 5 Q7.
60
l n (tan x ) if 0 < x < π
Q 10. k = 0 ; g(x) =  4
π ≤ x < π . Hence g (x) is continuous everywhere.
 0 if
4 2

39
Q 11. g (x) = 4 (x + 1) and limit = –
4
Q 13. A = 1 ; f(2) = 1/2
π π
Q 14. f(0+) = ; f(0−) = ⇒ f is discont. at x = 0 ;
2 4 2
g(0+) = g(0−) = g(0) = π/2 ⇒ g is cont. at x = 0
1
Q 15. the function f is continuous everywhere in [0 , 2] except for x = 0 , , 1 & 2.
2
Q 16. (a) false; (b) false ; (c) true ; (d) true ;
Q 17. not derivable at x = 0

1
Q 18. a ≠ 1, b = 0, p = and q = − 1
3
Q 19. If a ∈ (0, 1) f ′ (0+ ) = − 1 ; f ′ (0−) = 1 ⇒ continuous but not derivable
a = 1 ; f (x) = 0 which is constant ⇒ continuous and derivable
If a > 1 f ′ (0−) = − 1 ; f ′ (0+ ) = 1 ⇒ continuous but not derivable
Q 20. conti. in 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 & not diff. at x = 0
α
Q.21 continuous but not derivable at x = 2 Q.22 f ' (0) =
1−k
Q.23 f(x) = x ⇒ f(10) = 10
Q.24
a. conti. & diff. b. 0 c. 2 d.conti. & diff. e.conti.

Limits, continuity & Differentiability