Design of Electrical Power Distribution in Residential Buildings
Design of Electrical Power Distribution in Residential Buildings
Design of Electrical Power Distribution in Residential Buildings
An Introduction …. Aim ….
• Electricity is a secondary energy source, i.e. it comes • The aim of this dissertation is to study the principle, process and
from the conversion of other sources of energy, various elements of electric power distribution used in designing
such as coal, natural gas, oil, wood and nuclear of electrical services for its installation and operation in a
power. residential building.
• The energy sources used to make electricity can be
renewable or non-renewable, but electricity itself is
Objectives ….
neither. Nor it can be stored. • The objectives will include:-
• The high-voltage transmission systems, which carry • To study various components and their role in electric power
electricity from the power plants and transmit it distribution system.
hundreds of miles away.
• To study how to determine the electrical energy needed for
• And the lower-voltage distribution systems, which particular area.
draw electricity from the transmission lines and • To analyze power requirement of a residential building.
distribute it to individual customers.
• To study method of determining the load of electrical system in
residential building.
Washing
Cooker machine
Lighting
Power Final circuits
DB
Lighting Heating
11 kV Lift and
Water pump
Secondary distribution
power station
At main distribution level main distribution boards are used for; Both distribution boards are equipped with;
o Safety disconnection o Circuit breakers and tie circuit breakers
o Coupling bus bar sections o Isolators
o Protecting bus bars o MCCBs
o Fuses
At sub-distribution level, sub-distribution boards are used for:
o Safety disconnection for maintenance
o Switching lighting and power loads
o Protecting all electrical cables and bus bars and loads.
o Control, metering and measuring purposes.
In this type of system only one main line goes to the upper level and
distribute at each floor respectively. Not very common in practice, generally
used at place where high supply security system is not important.
Advantages
Disadvantage
• Low supply security (a fault in the rising mains effect all floors).
4 AZHAR AYYUB & SHAHBAZ AFZAL
Design of Electrical Power Distribution in Residential Buildings F/O ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS JMI
Secondary Distribution System
Grouped supply-
In this type of system two or more main lines run together and serves
different floors.
Applicable for the high rise buildings.
Advantages
• Easier mounting.
• Smaller size for rising mains.
Disadvantage
• A fault in any rising mains effect several floors (relatively low
Security).
• Loads are balanced only within each group.
• Larger power distribution board.
4 AZHAR AYYUB & SHAHBAZ AFZAL
Design of Electrical Power Distribution in Residential Buildings F/O ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS JMI
Secondary Distribution System
Advantages
• Smaller size of cables can be used (easy installation).
• In the case of a fault in arising main, only one story is affected.
Disadvantage
• Different loading of the individual floors cannot be balanced out.
• The rising main must be rated for the peak load of each floor.
• Uneconomical – large number of cables and the size of the rising
main shaft is quite large.
• Large low voltage distribution board with numerous circuits
4 AZHAR AYYUB & SHAHBAZ AFZAL
Design of Electrical Power Distribution in Residential Buildings F/O ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS JMI
Secondary Distribution System
Advantages
• Higher power supply security (in the event of a fault, it is possible to
switch off the faulty part and leave the majority of the building
operational)
• A small low voltage distribution board is required.
• The differing loading of individual floor are balanced out (smaller sizes
for rising mains)
Disadvantage
In large buildings with relatively large loads at the top floors (lifts, Kitchen,
air-conditioning).
Advantages
Disadvantage