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Introduction To Ip Address, Mac Address and ' Packet Tracer Objective

This document provides an introduction to IP addresses, MAC addresses, and the Packet Tracer software. It defines IP addresses and MAC addresses, explaining that IP addresses operate at the network layer while MAC addresses operate at the data link layer. The document also outlines the different classes of IP addresses and how to determine the network ID and broadcast ID from a given IP address. It introduces Packet Tracer as a tool for simulating network configurations and devices.

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133 views7 pages

Introduction To Ip Address, Mac Address and ' Packet Tracer Objective

This document provides an introduction to IP addresses, MAC addresses, and the Packet Tracer software. It defines IP addresses and MAC addresses, explaining that IP addresses operate at the network layer while MAC addresses operate at the data link layer. The document also outlines the different classes of IP addresses and how to determine the network ID and broadcast ID from a given IP address. It introduces Packet Tracer as a tool for simulating network configurations and devices.

Uploaded by

zain islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO IP ADDRESS , MAC ADDRESS AND

` PACKET TRACER
OBJECTIVE :
To get main concept about ip addess , mac address and their
working principle and get familiarize with the packet tracer software.

ENCAPSULATION AND DECAPSULATION :


The process of adding information in data is called as encapsulation and the process of
removing the headers or information from data is called as decapsulation .

DIFFERENT HEADERS OR TAGS NAME :


1) Segment
2) Packet
3) Frame

OSI MODEL lAYERS INFORMATION :

APPLICATION LAYER Data


PRESENTATION LAYER Data
SESSION LAYER Data
TRANSPORT LAYER Data + Port Address
NETWORK LAYER Data + Port Address + IP Address
DATA LINK LAYER Data + Port Address + IPaddress + Mac
` Address
PHYSICAL bits
So at transport layer the whole information data and port address is known as
“Sagment” , at network layer the information ( data + port address + ip address )
is known as “Packet” and at data link layer the whole packet which contains the
Mac address is known as “Frame”.

WHAT IS IP ADDRESS ?
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each
device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and
location addressing.

WHAT IS MAC ADDRESS ?


A media access control address (MAC address) of a device is a unique identifier assigned
to a network interface controller (NIC) for communications at the data link layer of a network
segment. MAC addresses are used as a network address formost 802 network technologies,
including Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. In this context, MAC addresses are used in the medium
access control protocol sublayer. As typically represented, MAC addresses are recognizable as six
groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens, colons, or no separator.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IP AND MAC ADDRESS :


IP ADDRESS MAC ADDRESS

1. 32 bit ( 4 bytes / octate ) . 1. 48 bits ( 6 bytes ).


2. Layer 3 address . 2. Layer 2 address .
3. Address will always be in 3. Address always in hexa-decimal
decimal/bits . number.
4. Assign by user or network 4. Assign by vender .
administrator. 5. It cannot be changed .
5. It can be changed .

IP ADDRESS CLASSES :

1) Class A Range ( 1 – 126 )


2) Class B Range ( 128 – 191 )
3) Class C Range ( 192 – 223 )
4) Class D Range ( 224 – 239 )
5) Class E Range ( 240 – 254 )

On first byte of IP address ,we determine the type of IP or IP class.Class D is the multicast
purpose and Class E is used for research and development (R & D) purpose.so in this lab we
only use the Class A , B and C type IP address.the classification of host and network portion is as
follows :
Class A N.H.H.H
Class A N.N.H.H
Class A N.N.N.H

NETWORK ID AND BROADCAST ID :


In the network id the host part of the IP address gets minimum value means the
bytes of the hosts turns to the zero.
For example we get the IP address as (192 . 10 . 1 . 1) then the network id will be:
Network id = 192 . 10 .1. 0
In the broadcast id the host part of the IP address gets maximum value means the
bytes of the host turns to the 255.
For example we get the IP address as same in above example . as this is the class c type
ip address so the sequence will be ( N . N . N . H) .the broadcast id will be as :

Broadcast id = 192 . 10 . 1 . 255

SUBNETTING :
A subnetwork or subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network. The practice of
dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting.
Computers that belong to a subnet are addressed with an identical most-significant bit-group in
their IP addresses. This results in the logical division of an IP address into two fields,
the network number or routing prefix and the rest field or host identifier. The rest field is an
identifier for a specific host or network interface.

PACKET TRACER:
Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that
allows users to create network topologiesand imitate modern computer networks. The
software allows users to simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a
simulated command line interface. Packet Tracer makes use of a drag and drop user interface,
allowing users to add and remove simulated network devices as they see fit. The software is
mainly focused towards Certified Cisco Network Associate Academy students as an educational
tool for helping them learn fundamental CCNA concepts.

LAB TASK :
CONCLUSION :
In this lab we learnt about the basic concept of ip address and how we use them
in networking and also we see the mac addess and observe the main difference between the ip
and mac address.ip address operated in layer3 and mac address operated in layer2 of OSI
model.after that we see the ip address classes on which basis we can separate the network and
host part of the ip address.in the networkimg or for this lab we only use class A,B and c type ip
addresses where as class D and E are used for multicasting and research and development.the
network id is that address which is obtain by turning the host byte to 0 in ip address and the in
broadcast id we tuned the host bytes to maximum value (255).
In the second part of the lab we understand the main working of packet tracer.packet
tracer is use to simulate the networking circuit and tell us where the connection is connected or
not connected.we build a basic network in the packet tracer and see how its works.its contain
the command promot buil in which is use to ping the device and see where the system
connected or not.

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