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Elevator

This document presents the design of an elevator controller circuit that serves three floors. The objective is to design the controller using small-scale and medium-scale integration logic modules. A flowchart shows the algorithmic state machine methodology was used, dividing the design into a data processor and controller part. The implementation includes a block diagram, state table, control logic diagram, and results of simulating the design. The conclusion is that the design worked as expected according to the simulation results. Recommendations for further work include implementing the hardware and using a microprocessor-based controller.

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Fatjon Arapi
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315 views27 pages

Elevator

This document presents the design of an elevator controller circuit that serves three floors. The objective is to design the controller using small-scale and medium-scale integration logic modules. A flowchart shows the algorithmic state machine methodology was used, dividing the design into a data processor and controller part. The implementation includes a block diagram, state table, control logic diagram, and results of simulating the design. The conclusion is that the design worked as expected according to the simulation results. Recommendations for further work include implementing the hardware and using a microprocessor-based controller.

Uploaded by

Fatjon Arapi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELEVATOR CONTROL CIRCUIT

Project No: PRJ045


Presented by;
Masila Jane Mwelu

Supervisor: Prof. Mwangi


Examiner: Dr. Mang’oli
Presentation Outline
n Project objectives
n Design approach
n Implementation
n Results
n Conclusion
n Recommendation
Objective
To design and simulate a controller for an
elevator that serves three floors, using
small scale integration(SSI) and medium
scale integration(MSI) logic modules as a
sequential logic circuit.
Design approach
n Algorithmic state machine(ASM)
methodology has been employed in the
design. The method describes the problem
statement in a flow chart and allows the
circuit to be divided into two parts a;
Ø Data processor part
Ø Controller part
n ASM method is used due to the presence
of large number of inputs.
Implementation
Design specification

n The controller responds to request from each


floor.
n When the elevator lands on a given floor, signals
are generated from the sensor switches.
n The control logic generates signals to move the
elevator up or down, and to open or close the
door.
n Display logic indicates the current floor number.
Block diagram of the elevator

Display
logic
7- segment
floor
Control display
D2/X2 logic

UP1/X1
Inputs Outputs
UP0/X0

OPEN

CLOSE
ASM chart of the Controller
The flow chart is composed of:
n State box – Represents the state in which the
system is in.
n Decision box – Describes the effect of an input
on the control sudsystem.
n Conditional box – Within the box are one or
two register operations which take place
during the next raising clock edge.
State GRD
n CLOSE=1; counter is cleared and the door
is closed
n OPEN=1; counter continues to count while
the door is open
n UP0 or X0=1; system remains in State
GRD
n UP1 or D1 or X1=1; System goes to state
FIR
n D2 or X2=1; system goes to state SEC
State FIR
n CLOSE=1; counter is cleared and the door
is closed
n OPEN=1; counter continues to count while
the door is open
n UP0 or X0=1; system goes to State GRD
n UP1 or D1 or X1=1; System remains in
state FIR
n D2 or X2=1; system goes to state SEC
State SEC
n CLOSE=1; counter is cleared and the door
is closed
n OPEN=1; counter continues to count while
the door is open
n UP0 or X0=1; system goes to State GRD
n UP1 or D1 or X1=1; System goes to state
FIR
n D2 or X2=1; system remains in state SEC
Timing Sequence
n Timing in all the flip-flops in the controller
is controlled by a clock.
n Each block in the ASM chart describes the
state of the system during one clock pulse
interval.
n Change from one state to the next is
performed in the control logic.
ASM chart for the Controller
Datapath
Performs the data processing operation.
The requirements for the design of the Datapath
are specified inside the;
Ø State boxes
Ø Conditional boxes

The Datapath consists of;


Ø A pulser
Ø Counters
Ø Gates
State table for the controller

Present State Inputs Next State Outputs


Ysf Yff Ygf CLOSE UP0 X0 UP1 DI X1 D2 X2 Ysf Yff Ygf SEC FIR GRD

0 0 1 X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

0 1 0 X 0 0 X X X 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0

1 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 X X 1 0 0 1 0 0
Control logic
By inspecting the state table, the next
states are equal to the inputs. Thus the
input equations are taken directly from the
state table.
D flip-flops were used in the design due to
ease in formulating the design equations.

Display logic
A decoder was used to produce the outputs
to a 7-segment display.
Control logic diagram
Results and Discussion
n The simulation software used was Circuit
maker pro which has most of SSI and MSI
components.
n Push buttons were simulated as logic
switches and the output indicators used
were;
Ø Logic displays
Ø Seven-segment display
Tabulated results for the controller
Present
State Inputs Outputs
Q3 Q2 Q1 X0,UP0,X1,UP1,D1,X2,D2 Q3 Q2 Q1 Details
Elevator remains on
0 0 1 X0 or UP0 0 0 1 ground floor
Elevator is raised to
0 0 1 X1 or UP1 or D1 0 1 0 immediate floor up

0 0 1 X2 or D2 1 0 0 Elevator jumps one floor up


Elevator remains on first
0 1 0 X1 or UP1 or D1 0 1 0 floor

0 1 0 X1 or UP1 0 0 1 Immediate floor down

0 1 0 X2 or UP2 1 0 0 Immediate floor up


Elevator jumps one floor
1 0 0 X0 or UP0 0 0 1 down
Elevator goes to immediate
1 0 0 X1 or UP1 or D1 0 1 0 floor down
Elevator remains on
1 0 0 X2 or UP2 1 0 0 second floor
Display logic response

Outputs Display Details


Q3 Q2 Q1

0 0 1 Display a “0”

0 1 0
Display a “1”

1 0 0 Display a “2”
Conclusion
Ø Adopting the ASM procedure simplified
the design.
Ø Design with D flip-flop proved simple and
clear.
Ø The results obtained from simulation
agreed with the theoretical expectation.
Recommendations for further work.

The proposed controller can be extended as part


of future study into;
Ø Implementation of the hardware.
Ø Implementing special dispatching strategies
such as bypassing floor calls when the elevator
is full.
Ø The elevator controller design can solved by use
of micro-processor based controller.
THANK YOU

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