AD-A249 142

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ME-MORANDUM REPORT ARCCB-MR-92008

CORRELATION BETWEEN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS,

CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT ENERGY, AND
YIELD STRENGTH FOR ASTM A723 STEEL

J. A. KAPP
J. IL UNDERWOOD
T1

MARCH 1992

US ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH,

DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER
CLOSE COMBAT ARMAMENTS CENTER
BENiT LABORATORIES
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 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE oJS No. 0704o-018
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1. A"NCY USe ONLY 0Leave- bon) 2.REPORT DATE I. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
March 1992 Final
4. 1IIU AND SUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERS
CORRELATION BETWEEN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, CRARPY V-NOTCH AMCMSj6111.02.H610.011
IMPACT ENERGY, AND YIELD STRENGTH FOR ASTM A723 STEEL PRCN: 1AO5ZOCANMSC
C AUT•OR(S)

J.A. Kapp and J.H. Underwood

7. PIENOW"4G ORGANIZArION NAME(S) AND AOORESS(ES) 1. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
Army ARDEC REPORT NUMBER
U.S.
Benet Laboratories, SMCAR-CCB-TL ARCCB-MR-92008
Watervliet, NY 12189-4050

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND AODI+|SS4ES) 10. SPONSORING/ MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army ARDEC
Close Combat Armaments Center
Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Submitted to Journal of Engineering Fracture mechanics.

Ila. OIS7IUITION / AVAILASIUTY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

Approved for public releasel distribution unlimited.

13. ANSTRACT (Afxtmum 200 wo'l)

A large quantity of data for ASTM A723 steel correlating yield strength, Charpy
impact energy, and fracture toughness has been compared with the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom
correlation. The general conclusion is that this correlation is conservative,
because if we estimate fracture toughness from Charpy impact energy measurements,
the estimated toughness is less than the measured value. The data may be somewhat
questionable, however, because the fracture toughness and Charpy impact energy
measurements were taken at different temperatures. The results indicate that for
correlation purposes, the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom relationship is an adequate estimate
of fracture toughness based on Charpy impact energy and yield strength
measurements.

14. SUIJICT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fracture toughness, Impact energy, High strength steel, 8
Correlation, Yield strength, Pressure vessel 16 PRIC! COOE1

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 1t. SICU-irY CLASSIFICATION It. SICURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UL
NSN 7540.01-210-Ss00 Standard Form 298 (Rev 2-89)
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .1

PROCEDURE .................................................................... 2

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ....................................................... 3

REFERENCES ................................................................ 5

TABLES

I. COMPILATION OF STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS DATA FOR

ASTM A723 PRESSURE VESSEL STEEL ......................................... 6

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Comparison of measured Charpy impact and fracture toughness

correlation with the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation for ASTM
A723 pressure vessel steel ............................................. 7

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INTRODUCTION

The Soecial Working Group on High Pressure Vessels of the Pressure Vessel

and Piping Division of ASME is writing a design code for high pressure vessels.

Many of the design methoas to be codified rely on a fracture mechanics analysis

and fracture toughness properties. It is often difficult and expensive to

obtain valid fracture toughness properties from vessel forgings. The historical

approach to fracture toughness measurement has been to conduct Charoy ,moact

energy tests. There have been many empirical correlations developed over the

years to determine fracture toughness from Charpy impact energy. The most

famous is the upper shelf correlation of Rolfe, Novak, and Barsom (refs 1,2).

The Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation was developed based on the analysis of

numerous experimental measurements of fracture toughness and Charpy impact

energy for many steels of different composition and strength. It was found that

there is a linear relationship between the square of the toughness-to-yield

strength ratio and the impact energy-to-yield strength ratio. This means that

if the yield strength and upper shelf Charpy V-notch impact energy are known,

then the fracture toughness can be determined.

The equation of the straight line that fits the data was determined from

the data available to the developers of the correlation. At that time, there

was no bignificant data base for the toughness of ASTIM A723 steel--the steel

most commonly used to manufacture high pressure vessels. The purpose of this

report is to determine if the Rolfe-tovak-Barsom correlation can be used to

estimate the fracture toughness of ASTM A723 steel from upper shelf impact

energy and yield strength measurements.

PROCEDURE

The Rolfe-Movak-Barsom upper shelf correlation is given mathematically as

5 CVN 005)
ayV

where ay is the yield strength in Ksi, CVN is the Charpy impact energy in ft-

lbs, and KIc is the fracture toughness in KsiYi-n.

Equation (1) shows that there is a linear relationship between the sauare

of the fracture toughness-to-yield strength ratio and the Charpy impact energy-

to-yield strength ratio. To determine the adequacy of Eq. (1) for estimating

fracture toughness from impact energy for any material, both the fracture tough-

ness and the Charpy impact energy at various strength levels must be known.

From these data, the correlation parameters (ratios) can be determined and then

plotted. The measured results are then compared with the values obtained from

Eq. (1). An analysis of this comparison will determine whether Eq. (1) is ade-

quate to predict fracture toughness from Charpy impact energy.

Fracture toughness and Charpy impact energy data for ASTM A723 steel were

presented in graphical form by Underwood (ref 3). That data, along with addi-

tional unpublished results by Thornton (ref 4), are given in tabular form in

rable I. The composition of the steels in the table is generally that of ASTM

A723. However, the stels consist of various grades of ASTM A723 and have been

melted from various refining practices, although there is no bias towards any

particular grade or refining practice. The strength range of the data does not

encompass the entire range of the strength classes in ASTM A723. Class 1 (100

Ksi minimum yield strength) and Class 2 (120 Ksi minimum yield strength) are not

represented, but Classes 2a through 5 are well-covered in the table. There is

one thing that biases the results here: fracture toughness and Charpy impact

2
energy measurements were not made at the same temperature. The Charpy impact

energy was measured at -40*F, and the fracture toughness was measured at +700F.

The room temperature impact energy could be significantly higher than the low

temperature impact energy if the low testing temperature is below the upper

shelf minimum temperature. However, experience with this alloy (ref 5) suggests

that for the data reported here, the minimum upper shelf temperature should be

lower than -400F.

To determine the adequacy of the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation, the data

from Table I are normalized to the appropriate parameters for the correlation

and compared with the predicted relationship from Eq. (1). The normalized

parameters are the final two columns in the table and the comparison is depicted

graphically in Figure 1.

An analysis of the plot shown in Figure 1 shows that Eq. (1) provides an

excellent lower bound of the measured data. Virtually all of the data fall

above and to the left of the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation. Essentially, none

of the data fall below the line described by Eq. (1). Bounding the measured

data in this manner means that the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation is conserv-

ative. For a given yield strength and Charpy impact energy, the

Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation predicts a fracture toughness less than that

actually measured. This underestimation could be the result of the different

testing temperatures.

SU•ARY ANO CONCLUSION

A large quantity of data for ASTh A723 steel correlating yield strength,

impact energy, and fracture toughness has been compared with the

Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation. The general conclusion is that this correlation

is conservative, because if fracture toughness is estimated from Charpy impact

3
energy measurements, the estimated toughness is less than the actual measured

value. The data may be$ somewhat questionable, however, because the fracture

toughness and Charpy impact energy were measured at different temperatures.

However, experience with the alloy suggests that both toughness and Charoy

impact energy were upper shelf values. Therefore, it is our conclusion that for

correlation purposes, the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom relationship is adequate for esti-

mating fracture toughness from Charpy V-notch impact energy and yield strength

measurements.

4
 REFERENCES

1. J.M. Barsom and S.T. Rolfe, "Impact Testing of Metels," ASTM STP 466, The

American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1970,

pp. 281-302.

2. S.T. Rolfe and S.R. Novak, "Review of Developments in Plane-Strain Fracture

Toughness Testing," ASTM STP 463, The American Society for Testing and

Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1970, pp. 124-159.

3. J.H. Underwood. Experimental Mechanics. Vol. 18, No. 9, Seotember 1978,

pp. 350-355.
4. P.A. Thornton, Private Communication, U.S. Army ARDEC, Benet Laboratiries,

Watervliet, NY, July 1990.

5. D.P. Kendall, Materials Research and Standards, Vol. 10, No. 12, December

1970.
 TABLE I. COMPILATION OF STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS DATA
FOR ASTM A723 PRESSURE VESSEL STEEL*

YS Kjý- CVN YS Kjý- CVN CVN/YS (KIc/YS)I

(MPa) (MP9 .) (J) (Ksi) (KsiV in. ) (ft-lbs) (ft-lbs/Ksi ) (in. )

1090 184 61 158.1 167.5 44.9 0.28 1.12

1090 202 67 158.1 183.8 49.3 0.31 1.35
1090 202 69 158.1 183.8 50.7 0.32 1.35
1110 190 57 161.0 172.9 41.9 0.26 1.15
1110 190 60 161.0 172.9 44.1 0.27 1.15
1110 187 56 161.0 170.2 I 41.2 0.26 1.12
1110 187 53 161.0 170.2 I 39.0 0.24 1.12
1170 157 41 169.7 142.9 30.1 0.18 0.71
1270 157 42 169.7 142.9 30.9 0.18 0.71
1170 157 44 169.7 142.9 32.4 0.19 0.71
1170 165 41 169.7 150.2 30.1 0.18 0.78
1170 165 42 169.7 150.2 30.9 0.18 0.78
1170 165 37 169.7 150.2 27.2 0.16 0.78
1170 165 37 169.7 150.2 27.2 0.16 0.78
1210 140 24 175.5 127.4 17.6 0.10 0.53
1210 140 25 175.5 127.4 18.4 0.10 0.53
1210 140 26 175.5 127.4 19.1 0.11 0.53
1210 140 27 175.5 127.4 19.9 0.11 0.53
1210 140 28 175.5 127.4 20.6 0.12 0.53
1210 140 29 175.5 127.4 21.3 0.12 0.53
1210 166 31 175.5 151.1 22.8 0.13 0.74
1210 166 32 175.5 151.1 23.5 0.13 0.74
1210 166 33 175.5 151.1 24.3 0.14 0.74
1210 166 35 175.5 151.1 25.7 0.15 0.74
1210 166 31 175.5 151.1 27.2 0.16 0.74
1280 126 25 185.7 114.7 18.4 0.10 0.38
1280 126 30 185.7 114.7 22.1 0.12 0.38
1280 126 34 186.7 114.7 25.0 0.13 0.38
1280 126 24 185.7 114.7 17.6 0.10 0.38
1280 126 33 185.7 114.7 24.3 0.13 0.38
1280 126 29 185.7 114.7 21.3 0.11 0.38
1280 146 25 185.7 132.9 18.4 0.10 0.51
1280 146 30 185.7 132.9 22.1 0.12 0.51
1280 146 34 185.7 132.9 25.0 0.13 0.51
1280 146 24 185.7 132.9 17.6 0.10 0.51
1280 146 33 185.7 132.9 24.3 0.13 0.51
1280 146 29 185.7 132.9 21.3 0.11 0.51
1340 122 23 194.4 111.0 16.9 0.09 0.33
1340 122 25 194.4 111.0 1.8.4 0.09 0.33
1340 122 27 194.4 111.0 19.9 0.10 0.33
1340 122 28 194.4 111.0 20.6 0.11 0.33
1340 131 23 194.4 119.2 16.9 0.09 0.38
1340 131 25 194.4 119.2 18.4 0.09 0.38

*References 3 and 4

6
 TABLE I. CONT'D

YS KI CVN YS KI CVN CVN/YS (KIc/YS)2

(MP&) (-a) (J) (Ksi) (Ksiý-in,)_ (ft-lbs) (ft-lbs/Ksi) (in.)

1340 131 27 194.4 119.2 19.9 0.10 0.38

1340 131 28 194.4 119.2 20.6 0.11 0.38
1198 160 29 173.8 145.0 21.1 0.12 0.71
1190 163 29 172.6 148.0 21.5 0.12 0.74
1198 166 28 173.8 151.0 20.5 0.12 I 0.75
1033 231 80 149.8 210.0 58.8 I 0.39 I 1.97
1033 229 I 83 149.8 208.0 61.2 0.41 I 1.93
1033 237 82 149.8 I 216.0 60.0 I 0.40 2.08
896 275 106 130.0 250.0 78.0 0.60 I 3.70
898 275 107 130.3 250.0 78.8 0.60 3.68
898 266 106 130.3 242.0 78.0 0.60 3.45

4.0-
3.5 L
3.0 1 d I
(Fracture
Toughness 2.5
2ata - ,
Measured
+4
Yield 2.0 - -- Rolfe-Novak-Barsom
Strength) 2 1.5 - Correlation

1.0
0.5
0.0 .-

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7

Impact Strengh + Yield Stength (ft-lbsksl)

Figure 1. Comparison of measured Charpy impact and fracture toughness

correlation with the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation for ASTM
A723 pressure vessel steel.

7
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