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    Fluid Mechanics

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    Lorde Wagayen
    The document contains 10 multi-part chemistry and physics problems with solutions. The problems involve concepts such as density, specific gravity, pressure, temperature, viscosity, and fluid behavior. Key calculations determine properties of substances like glycerin, water, oxygen, and nitrogen under varying conditions of mass, volume, temperature and pressure.

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    Fluid Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Lorde Wagayen
    1K views6 pages
    The document contains 10 multi-part chemistry and physics problems with solutions. The problems involve concepts such as density, specific gravity, pressure, temperature, viscosity, and fluid behavior. Key calculations determine properties of substances like glycerin, water, oxygen, and nitrogen under varying conditions of mass, volume, temperature and pressure.

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    fluid mechanics

    Original Title

    fluid mechanics

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    The document contains 10 multi-part chemistry and physics problems with solutions. The problems involve concepts such as density, specific gravity, pressure, temperature, viscosity, and fluid behavior. Key calculations determine properties of substances like glycerin, water, oxygen, and nitrogen under varying conditions of mass, volume, temperature and pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views6 pages

    Fluid Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Lorde Wagayen
    The document contains 10 multi-part chemistry and physics problems with solutions. The problems involve concepts such as density, specific gravity, pressure, temperature, viscosity, and fluid behavior. Key calculations determine properties of substances like glycerin, water, oxygen, and nitrogen under varying conditions of mass, volume, temperature and pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 6

    1.

    A reservoir of glycerin (glyc) has a mass of 1200kg and a


    volume of 0.952m3. Find the glycerin’s weight (W), mass
    density (ρ), specific weight (ϒ), and specific gravity
    (s.g.).

    Solution:

    F = W = ma
    =(1200Kg)(9.81m/sec2)
    F = 11,770 N or 11.77 KN

    ρ = m/V
    = 1,200kg/0.952m3
    ρ = 1,261 kg/m3

    ϒ = W/V
    = 11.77KN/0.952 m3
    ϒ = 12.36 KN/m3

    s.g. = ϒglyc / ϒH2O at 4°C


    = 12.36/9.81
    s.g. = 1.26

    2. The weight of a body is 100 lb. Determine (a) its weight in


    newtons, (b) its mass in kilograms, and (c) the rate of
    acceleration [in both feet per second (ft/s2) and meters per
    second (m/s2)] if a net force of 50 lb is applied to the
    body.

    Solution:

    a. W = (100lbf)(4.448N/lbf)
    W = 444.8 N

    b. F = W = ma
    444.8N = (m)(9.81m/sec2)
    m = 45.34 kg or 45.34/14.59 = 3.108 slugs

    c. F = ma
    @ F= 50 lb
    Where m= 45.34 Kg or 45.34 Kg(1slug/14.59 ) = 3.108 slugs

    Thus:
    50 = (a)(3.108)

    a = 16.09 ft/s2
    or
    a =(16.09ft/sec2)(0.3048m/ft)
    a = 4.904 m/s2
    3. Find the height of the free surface if 0.8 ft3 of water is
    poured into a conical tank 20 in high with a
    base radius of 10 in. How much additional water is required to
    fill the tank?

    Solution:

    Vcone = πr2h /3
    = [π(10in)2(20in)]/3
    Vcone = 2094 in3

    Vwater = 0.8 ft3 = 1382 in3

    Additional water needed = 2095 in3 — 1382 in3 = 713 in3.

    From the Figure: by ratio and proportion

    ro /10 = ho /20
    or
    ro = ho /2

    Vempty (top)cone=713 in3 = [π(ho/2)2ho]/3;


    ho = 13.96 in.

    Thus: The Free surface will be:

    20 in - 13.96 in= 6.04 in

    Free surface = 6.04 in above base of tank.

    4. A vertical glass cylinder contains 900.00 mL of water at


    10°C; the height of the water column is 90.00 cm. The water
    and its container are heated to 80 °C. Assuming no
    evaporation, what will be the height of the water if the
    coefficient of thermal expansion (α)for the glass is 3.6 x
    10-6/oC?
    Solution:
    Let:
    ρ10oC= Density of water @ 10oC
    ρ80oC= Density of water @ 80oC = 971.8 Kg/m3
    A10oC= Lateral area of the water container @ 10oC
    A80oC= Lateral area of the water container @ 80oC
    r10oC= Radius of the water container @ 10oC
    r80oC= Radius of the water container @ 80oC
    h80oC= Final height of the water after cylinder expansion.

    Mass of water = ρV = (ρ10oC)(V10oC) = (ρ80oC)(V80oC)


    V80oC = (1000 Kg/m3)[(900 x 10-3L)(1 m3/1000L)]/971.8 Kg/m3
    V80oC = 926.11 x 10-6 m3 = 926.11 cm3

    A10oC = V/h = [(900 x 10-3L)(1 m3/1000L)(100cm/1m)3]/90cm


    A10oC = 10cm2

    A 10oC = πr2
    10 cm2 = πr2
    r10oC = 1.7841 cm

    r80oC = r10oC[l+(ΔT)(α)]
    = (1.7841)[1+(80-10)(3.6 X lO -6)]

    r80oC = 1.7845 cm

    A80oC = π(r80oC)2
    = π(1.7845)2
    o
    A80 C = 10.004 cm2

    Thus:

    h80oC = V80oC/ A80oC


    = 926.11/10.004
    h80oC = 92.65 cm

    5. A liquid compressed in a cylinder has a volume of 1000 cm3


    at 1 MN/m2 and a volume of 995 cm3 at 2 MN/m2. What is its
    bulk modulus of elasticity?

    Solution:

    K = bulk modulus of elasticity

    K = - Δρ/(ΔV/V)
    = -(2-1)/[(995 - 1000)/1000]
    K = 200MPa

    6. At a depth of 7 km in the ocean, the pressure is 71.6 MPa.


    Assume a specific weight at the surface of 10.05 kN/m3 and
    an average bulk modulus of elasticity of 2.34 GPa for that
    pressure range.

    Solution

    a. Find the change in specific volume between the surface and


    7 km;

    ν = 1/ρ
    = g/ ϒ = 9.81m/sec2/10050N/m3
    ν = 0.0009761 m3/kg
    K = - Δρ/(Δν /ν)
    Δν = [(- Δρ)(V)]/K
    = [-(71.6 x 106Pa —0)(0.0009761 m3/kg)]/2.34x109Pa
    Δν = 0. 0000299 m3/kg

    b. Find the specific volume at 7 km;

    ν@7km = ν + Δν
    = 0.0009761 - 0.0000299
    ν@7km = 0.000946 m3/kg

    c. the specific weight at 7 km.

    ϒ@7km = g/ν@7km
    = 9.81/0.000946
    ϒ@7km = 10 370 N/m3

    7. Nitrogen gas (molecular weight 28) occupies a volume of 4.0


    ft3 at 2500 lb/ft2 abs and 750 °R. What are its specific
    volume and specific weight?

    Solution:

    R = Ru/M = 49709/28
    R = 1775 ft • lb/(slug • °R)

    where:
    Ru = universal gas constant = 49 709 ft • lb/(slug • °R)

    ρ = 1/ν = p/RT
    = 2500/[(1775)(750)]
    ν = 532.5 ft3/slug

    ϒ = ρg = (1/ ν)(g)
    = (l/532.5)(32.2)
    ϒ = 0.0605 lb/ft3

    8. (a) Calculate the density, specific weight, and specific


    volume of oxygen at 100 °F and 15 psia. (b) What would be
    the temperature and pressure of this gas if it were
    compressed isentropically to 40 percent of its original
    volume? (c) If the process described in (b) had been
    isothermal, what would the temperature and pressure have
    been?

    Solution:

    (a) ρ = p/RT
    = (15)(144)/[(1552)(100 + 460)]
    ρ = 0.00248 slug/ft3
    ϒ = ρg = (0.00248)(32.2)
    ϒ = 0.0799 lb/ft3

    ν = 1/ρ = 1/0.00248
    ν = 403 ft3/slug

    (b) P1ν1k=P2ν2k
    P2= [(15)(144)](403)1.40/ [(144)][(0.40)(403)]1.40
    P2 = 54.1 psia

    P2 = ρ2RT2
    (54.1)(144) = (0.00248/0.40)(1552)(T2 + 460)
    T2 = 350 °F

    (c) If isothermal, T2 = T1 = 100 °F and pV = constant.

    Thus:

    [(15)(144)](403) = [(P2)(144)][(0.40)(403)]
    P2 = 37.5 psia

    9. (a) Calculate the density, specific weight, and specific


    volume of oxygen at 20 °C and 40 kPa abs. (6) If the oxygen
    is enclosed in a rigid container, what will be the pressure
    if the temperature is reduced to —100 °C?

    Solution:

    (a) ρ =p/RT
    = (40)(1000)/[(260)(20 + 273)]
    ρ = 0.525 kg/m3

    ϒ = ρg
    = (0.525X9.81)
    ϒ = 5.15 N/m3

    ν = 1/p
    = 1/0.525
    ν = 1.90 m3/kg

    (b) ρ = 1/ν =p/RT.


    Since ν and R are constants,
    ν/R = T/p = constant,
    (20 273)/40 = (—100 + 273)/P2,
    P2 = 23.6 kPa.
    10. If the viscosity of water at 68 °F is 0.01008 poise, compute
    its absolute viscosity (p) in pound-seconds per square foot.
    If the specific gravity at 68 °F is 0.998, compute its
    kinematic viscosity (v) in square feet per second.

    Solution:

    The poise is measured in dyne-seconds per square centimeter.


    Since 1 lb = 444,800 dynes and 1 ft = 30.48 cm,

    1 lbs/ft2 = 444,800 dyne • s/(30.48 cm)2 = 478.8 poises

    μ = 0.01008/478.8
    μ = 2.11 x 10-5 lbs/ft2

    v = μ/g = μ/(ϒ/g)= μg/ϒ


    = [(2.11x1O-5)(32.2)]/[(0.998)(62.4)]
    v = 1.09x10-5 ft2/s

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