Plastics

Testing systems
Testing of plastics and rubber
FP 269 2.0408
Intelligent Testing
This catalogue provides an overview
of testing instruments, machines,
and systems of the Zwick Roell AG
for use in the plastics and rubber
industry and in the corresponding
research and test institutes and
training centers.
This is only a part of the extensive

overall program of the Zwick Roell
AG.
List of contents
The Zwick-Roell Group ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Plastics and rubbers: Development, structure and properties .............................................................................. 4
Application examples, typical test curves ............................................................................................................ 6
Sample preparation .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Specimen shapes, dimensions und cutting dies ................................................................................................ 12
Dimension measurement .................................................................................................................................. 16
Material testing machines ................................................................................................................................. 18
• Typical fields of application ............................................................................................................................. 18
• Measurement and control systems ................................................................................................................ 19
• Load frames .................................................................................................................................................. 20
• Drive systems ................................................................................................................................................ 22
• testXpert® II Software for materials testing ...................................................................................................... 24
• Load cells ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
• Specimen holders .......................................................................................................................................... 29
• Extensometers .............................................................................................................................................. 35
• Automatic specimen feeding by Handling Systems ........................................................................................ 40
• Temperature chambers .................................................................................................................................. 42
Servohydraulic testing machines ....................................................................................................................... 45
High speed testing machines ............................................................................................................................ 46
Falling weight testers ........................................................................................................................................ 47
Pendulum impact testers .................................................................................................................................. 48
Extrusion plastomers ........................................................................................................................................ 52
HDT and Vicat VST testers ............................................................................................................................... 54
Rebound resilience testers ................................................................................................................................ 56
Abrasion testers ............................................................................................................................................... 57
Ball-type rebound resilience testers ................................................................................................................... 57
Hardness testers and machines ........................................................................................................................ 58
Zwick Sevices .................................................................................................................................................. 61
Overview of standards and test equipment ....................................................................................................... 64
Contact ............................................................................................................................................................ 68
Picture sources, front page: BASF AG, Bayer AG, Continental AG, Solvay SA, Recaro GmbH & Co.KG, BIG-Spielwarenfabrik
2
The Zwick Roell AG – Since 1992, these companies have ence is continuously supplemented
more than a century formed the Zwick Roell group, and by constant communication with
of experience in in July 2001, the company group customers. On this solid base the
materials testing was converted into a stock corpo- company supplies a wide range of
ration: the Zwick Roell AG. Part of high-performance products – from
Mechanical-technological testing is this stock corporation are the the economical standard quality
one of the oldest disciplines of companies Zwick, Toni Technik, control machine up to customised
materials testing. As early as in the Indentec Ltd., and since may 2002 solutions designs for specific test
15th and 16th century, Leonardo da Acmel Labo. These companies requirements. Modern mechanics,
Vinci and Galileo Galilei were already supply an extensive program for high-performance electronics and
considering the flexural stressing materials, component, and functional the application-oriented software
and elastic behaviour of materials. tests – from the manually operated are the prerequisite for the versatility
In the course of time further hardness tester up to complex and the high “intelligence” of these
knowledge was obtained. In the robotic test systems for the twenty- modern testing machines and
middle of the 18th century the first four-seven production control. systems.
testing machines finally appeared
in France. By acquisition of the German The services of the Zwick Roell AG
company GTM (2007) and the go far beyond the supply of products.
Since 1920 the company Roell & Austrian company Messphysik In 1994 the company received its
Korthaus was involved in the (2006) the know-how of the Zwick certification ISO 9001 accredited
materials testing business. In 1937 Roell AG in the field of force and helping to guarantee a consistently
Zwick built its first testing machines elongation measurement has been high product and service quality.
and systems for mechanical testing safed and enriched. With its accredited calibration
of materials, and many years prior to laboratories, the companies of the
that in 1876, a Professor Seger had Zwick has many years of experi- Zwick Roell AG are able to verify
founded a chemical laboratory as ence, combined with a multitude of and calibrate test systems and to
part of a scientific technological supplied systems, and this experi- issue internationally recognized
consulting company for non-metallic certificates.
materials. During the 20th century
the present company, Toni Technik,
has evolved from these origins and
is now considered a leading expert
in test systems for building materials.
MFL (Mohr & Federhaff) – a company
that was founded in 1870 – became
part of the Zwick Roell group and
interestingly, Carl Benz (of Mercedes
Benz fame) was one of their
employees.
The headquarter of the Zwick Roell AG and the Zwick GmbH & Co. KG at Ulm, Germany
3
Plastics and rubbers- Thermosetting plastics polymer chains (vulcanization).
development, structure (thermohardening plastics) In modern usage, elastomers are
and properties therefore also called rubber.
The molecule chains of thermo-
Plastics setting plastics are linked more Testing of plastics
closely. The cross-links are thermally
In 1861, the first polymeric plastic not soluble, so thermosetting plastics CAMPUS® (Computer Aided
was patented for Alexander Parkes do not melt. The classical Material Preselection by Uniform
under the name Parkesine. It was a thermosetting plastic material is Standards) supplies tested values
kind of celluloid then patented by Bakelite, found in early telephones for mechanical, thermal, electrical
Hyatt in 1870, and in 1908, Bakeland and of many other commodities. and process-specific properties of
and Lebach made the chemistry of Modern materials are unsaturated almost every type of plastics. The
phenolic resins more transparent. polyester, linked polyurethanes and list of rheological, mechanical,
Bakeland then discovered Bakelite, epoxy resins. thermal, electrical and other pro-
the first plastic to be broadly used, perties to be tested are standar-
whilst Hermann Staudinger de- Elastomers dized in ISO 10350 (single point
scribed the structure of polymeric data). Many material properties
materials as macromolecules and Elastomers are polymers which are required as construction data are
thus discovered the basis of macro- built up of macromolecules and standardized in ISO 11403
molecular chemistry. Ziegler and which are three-dimensionally (multipoint data). ISO 17282
Natta worked on the polymerization cross-linked. The elastic rubberlike provides details for design data.
of ethylene. On this basis, properties of these materials are the
Montedison produced polypro- result of the cross-link of single See: www.campusplastics.com
pylene in 1957 for the first time.
Today, the most important raw

material is petroleum which – decom- Thermoplastic Elastomers Thermosetting
posed in its elements – supplies the materials materials
basic material of plastics. These
molecules are linked to large chains: Structure of the molecule chains
the polymers. When talking about Simple chains or Wide-range cross-linked Closely cross-linked
plastics one can imagine a mass of shrub-type ramifications in all directions
molecule chains. Depending on how
these chains are linked to each other,
different groups of plastic will result:
Thermoplastics
The molecule chains are linear and Properties

branched. Very often a large portion
of spaghetti is taken as example. • Quite soft • Molecular structure • Hard and brittle
At ambient temperature, thermo- • Deformable under similiar to a • Temperature-resistant
plastics are often hard or even brittle. temperature fishing net • Non-deformable
When heated, the material softens • Deformation process • swellable • Non-meltable
or is given plasticity because the is repeatable • rubber-like elasticity
molecule chains slide past each
other more easily. Thermoplastics Types of plastics
are the largest group of plastics. The Polyethylene (PE) Rubber Epoxy resins
four most important thermoplastics Polystyrene (PS) Silicone Polyester resins
are PE, PP, PVC and PS. Polyamide (PA) Polyurethane Phenolic resins
Polyester Polyurethane
Structure of plastics
4
Rubbers planted on English plantations. In The rubber industry strongly depends
1880, Asian rubber was sold on the on the availability of petroleum, and
When the Spanish conquerors world market for the first time. as a result about 70 % of the world
came to Mexico and South America Today, the world economy gets 3.5 requirements are manufactured
in the beginning of the 16th century, million tons a year from the planta- synthetically.
they saw Indians playing with a tions all over the world.
strange bouncing ball. The Indians There are about 20 different types of
called the material of the ball « Ca Synthetic rubber synthetic rubber, many of them with
hu chu » (crying tree). Today we call special properties. Just as natural
this Latex-tree Hervea brasiliensis. As early as 1826 Michael Faraday rubber, they consist of long
discovered the chemical structure molecule chains creating a convo-
More than 200 years later, rubber of rubber, and in 1909, the German luted network. For vulcanization, the
was used in Europe as well. In chemist Fritz Hofmann was the chains are provided with cross-links.
1770, the English minister Priestley first to patent the production Classical example is the sulfur
was credited with the discovery of process of synthetic rubber. After vulcanization of natural rubber. The
the use of rubber as an eraser. World War I, the patent was number of cross-links determines
expropriated and the production the properties of rubber: soft rubber
Finally, in the 19th century, people was discontinued. with a few links, hard rubber with
discovered the precious properties In 1930, America began large-scale many links.
of rubber: its waterproofing and manufacture of synthetic rubber and –
elasticity. Rubber mixed with since they had lost their plantations
turpentine oil was used to due to Japan’s entry into war – they
manufacture bags, hot-water bags built up huge production capacities
and life buoys. In 1824 the first of 840,000 t by 1945.
braces and suspenders were
manufactured. The rain coats that
were available at that time were Overview of rubber
hard as stone in winter and sticky Short Designation Application
in the summer. sign examples
NR Natural Rubber Medical gloves, latex,
In 1844, Charles Goodyear pat- blending component for
ented his revolutionary discovery. For synthetic rubber
many years he had been experi- SBR Styrene Butadiene Rubber All-purpose rubber,
menting with rubber, and one day, (originally “Buna – S”) tire industry
some rubber mixed with sulfur CR Polychloropren Rubber Contact adhesives, conveyor belts,
dropped onto a hot stove. During sealings, hoses
carbonization, the grey, raw rubber IIR Isobutene-Isoprene Sealings, membranes,
turned into a smooth and solid (Butyl) Rubber cable insulations
material with good properties. EPDM Ethylene-Propylene- Roof and pond foils,
Goodyear had discovered the Diene Monomer sealings in automotive industry
vulcanization process. NBR Nitrile Butadiene Oil and fuel resistant sealings,
At that time, the demand for rubber Rubber membranes, hoses
was exclusively covered by supplies SI/MQ/ Silicone Rubber Sealings for freezers, stoves,
from the Brazilian rain forest. Brazil PMQ/ window and cabin sealings
held the monopoly and suspiciously VMQ of airplanes.
watched that no seeds of the tree FPM Fluorocarbon Rubber Sealings, moulded parts,
were taken to other countries. In 1876, hoses with a high temperature
the English adventurer Sir Wickham and chemical resistance, belts
smuggled rubber seeds to London, PUR Polyurethane Foams
and the resultant seedlings were
sent to India where they could be
5
Application test-curve in testXpert® II Example of mounting
Thermoplastic and
thermosetting materials
Standard: ISO 527-2

Type: tensile
Material: semi-rigid plastic
Grips: wedge-screw
Extensometer: multiXtens
Test speed: 1 mm/min, 50 mm/min
Standard: ISO 527-2

Type: tensile
Material: rigid plastic
Grips: wedge
Extensometer: Macro
Standard: ISO 178

Type: flexural (3-point)
Material: rigid plastic
Grips: flexural tool
Extensometer: crosshead monitor
Rubbers and elastomers
Standard: ISO 37
Type: tensile
Material: PIB dumbbell
Grips: pincer
Extensometer: mechanical long travel
Test speed: 500 mm/min
6
Standard: ISO 34-1

Type: tear test
Material: SBR
Specimen: angle
Grips: pneumatic
Standard: ISO 34-1

Type: tear test
Material: SBR
Specimen: trouser
Grips: pneumatic
Fibre reinforced composites
Standard: ISO 527-4

Type: tensile
Material: CRP
Specimen: type 3
Grips: hydraulic
Extensometer: Macro
Standard: ISO 14130

Type: interlaminar shear
Material: CRP
Grips: flexural device
7
Flexible
cellular plastics
Standard: ISO 1798

Type: tensile
Material: PUR
Grips: pneumatic
Extensometer: mechanical long travel
Standard: ASTM D 3574 - B1

Type: indentation hardness
Material: PUR
Grips: indentor
Standard: ISO 3386

Type: compression properties
Material: PUR
Grips: compression plates
Standard: ISO 8067

Type: tear test
Material: PUR
Specimen: trouser
Grips: pincer
8
Thin sheeting
and plastic film
Standard: ISO 527-3

Type: tensile
Material: PVC film
Specimen: strip, 10mm large
Grips: screw
Standard: EN 14477
Type: puncture test
Material: PE film
Grips: test device
Adhesives and sealings
Standard: ISO 4578

Type: 90° peel test
Material: tape
Grips: test device
Standard: customer specific

Type: opening of sealing
Material: food packages
Grips: special device
9
Sample Preparation
Injection molding and
compression molding
To characterize thermoplastic and
thermosetting materials, specimens
are made by injection or direct com-
pression molding. The applied pro-
cessing parameters such as pressure,
temperature and shear-rate strongly
influence the materials behavior.
Thermosetting materials:
• Compression molding (ISO 295)
• Injection molding (ISO 10724-1)
Thermoplastic materials:
• Compression molding (ISO 293)
• Injection molding (ISO 294, part 1-4)
Multipurpose specimen,
ISO 3167 Single or double notches for impact specimen are easily milled by using the Zwick notch cutter ZNO
The local shear-rate during processing
is influenced by the shape of the Zwick notch cutter ZNO • Single-tooth polycrystalline
specimen. This means that the results The Zwick ZNO notch milling machine diamond milling cutter for optimal
of specimens with different shapes is used to notch plastic specimens in notching results
are not normally comparable. accordance with standards ASTM D • Connection for external compressed
For this reason a multipurpose specimen 256, ASTM D 6110, ISO 179, ISO 180 air or nitrogen for specimen cooling
has been defined in ISO 3167, which is and ISO 8256 (Charpy and Izod tests). • Option: Digital measuring station
to be used for a variety of different tests for residual width.
such as tensile, compression, flexure, Advantages and features
creep, hardness and impact. • Steplessly adjustable cutting Standard Spezimen size (LxBxH)
speed and feed rate ISO179-1 80 x 10 x 4
Machining • Manual setting of residual width by ISO180 80 x 10 x 4
For testing semi-finished and finished means of fine screw adjustment ISO8256-1 80 x 10 x 6
ASTM D 256 2.5 x 0.5 x 0.125...0.5
parts it is generally required to know • Acrylic safety hood ASTM D 6110 5.0 x 0.5 x 0.125...0.5
the materials characteristics after • Use of interchangeable specimen ISO179-1(historic) 50 x 6 x 4
having achieved its final shape. magazines DIN53435 15 x 10 x 1.2...4.6
The specimens are then machined • Quick-clamping device for (Dynstat)
in accordance to ISO 2818 or other magazines All dimensions in [mm]

material-specific standards.
Specimens made of softer materials
(e.g. hardness of less than 85 Shore Standard Shape A Shape B Shape C
A), especially rubber, elastomers, soft ISO179-1 single or double notch single or double notch single or double notch
plastics, and specimens made of ISO180 single notch single notch -
thin sheet and film are manufactured ISO8256-1 double notch - -
relatively easily with cutting presses ASTM D 256 single notch - -
ASTM D 6110 single notch - -
and special cutting tools. Higher
hardness values reduce the life of Sketch
the cutting dies.
In particular, the thicker and harder
the specimen is, the more difficult it
is to cut. These materials have to be
machined by milling, sawing, planing Radius of 0.25 mm ± 0.05 mm 1.00 mm ± 0.05 mm 0.10 mm ± 0.02 mm
or blanking. notch root
10
Strip cutter for plastics film Specimen dimensions
Length: approx. 230 mm
Parallel strip-type specimen for Width: 10 or 15 mm
tensile tests are taken from a sheet Thickness: 5 to 900 µm
material with a straight and notch-
free cut. Strip cutter dimensions
L x W x H: 420 x 290 x 240 mm
This strip-cutter allows strips to be Weight: approx. 29 kg
cut from a sheet of about 180 mm
by 300 mm (7” by 12”), fixed on the
cutting drum.
Excentric cutting press 7101 with ring

centering device for circular specimens
The Strip cutter allows sampling of up to 10 strip-type specimen in one single cutting move-
ment. The cutting edges are perfectly straight, parallel and notch free.
Zwick cutting presses and Advantages of cutting devices:

tools • Quick and easy changing of
cutting dies
Zwick offers a wide range of cutting • Mechanical specimen ejecting sys-
devices for both standardized and tem (minimising the risk of injury
special specimen shapes. A list of from the sharp cutting edges)
the most common types is shown in • Possibility to sharpen the cutting
the following tables. die several times
• Cutting die and ejecter are two Knee-lever cutting press ZCP020 for all
The cutting tool consists of 11 modular parts so that the cutting specimen shapes
blades, allowing all strips to be cut die is available as a separate
in a single operation. spare part.
Cutting presses
Reference H04.71011) ZCP020 H02.7108
Application circular specim. all shapes all shapes
Max. applicable load 5 kN 20 kN 35 kN
Push rod stroke 25 mm 41 mm 30 mm
Max. distance push rod-table 65 mm 155 mm 70 mm
Adjustment of push rod stroke 12 mm 25 mm -
Adjustment of table elevation - - 70 mm
Projection 46 mm 125 mm 110 mm
Anvil table swiveling 250 x 250 mm 350 x 215 mm
Compressed air supply - - 6 bar
Net weight 40 kg 55 kg 75 kg
1)
Cutting dies can be used for ring-shaped specimen up to a diameter of 80 mm, square-shaped Pneumatic cutting press 7108 for all
specimen up to 75 mm and rectangular and dumbbell shaped specimens up to a size of 160 x 30 mm specimen shapes
11
Specimen shapes, specimen dimensions and cutting dies
Note: The item numbers in the following tables have to be prefixed by H06.710
L0 - gauge length
L - distance between grips
l1 - length of narrow parallel-sided
portion or inner diameter
L2 (le) - distance between broad
parallel-sided portions
l3 - overall length or outer diameter
b1 - width of narrow portion
b2 - width at ends
h - thickness
Thermoplastic and thermosetting materials

Standard Type Application l3 l1 b2 b1 h L0 L Shape Cutting die/
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm spare die1)
ISO 3167 A Injection moulded >

_150 80±2 20±0.2 10±0.2 4.0±0.2 - - B.089 / 0902)
multipurpose specimen (170)
ISO 3167 B Compr. moulded or machined >
_150 60±0.5 20±0.2 10±0.2 4.0±0.2 - - B.019 / 020
multipurpose specimen
ISO 527-2 1A Injection moulded >
_150 80±2 20±0.2 10±0.2 4.0±0.2 50±0.5 115 B.089 / 0902)
specimen (preferred shape) (preferred)
ISO 527-2 1B Compression moulded or >
_150 60±0.5 20±0.2 10±0.2 4.0±0.2 50±0.5 l2+53) B.019 / 020
machined specimen (preferred) l2=106...120
(preferred shape)
ISO 527-2 1BA Specimen >
_75 30±0.5 10±0.5 5±0.5 >
_2 25±0.5 l23)+23) B.201 / 202
proportional 1:2 to type 1B l2=58±2
ISO 527-2 1BB Specimen >
_30 12±0.5 4±0.2 2±0.2 >
_2 10±0.2 l2+53) B.153 / 154
proportional 1:5 to type 1B l2=23±2
ISO 527-2 5A Specimen >
_75 25±1 12.5±1 4±0.1 >
_2 20±0.5 50±2 B.005 / 006
identical to ISO 37 type 2
similiar to ISO 527-3 type 5
ISO 527-2 5B Specimen >
_35 12±0.5 6±0.5 2±0.1 >
_1 10±0.2 20±2 B.083 / 084
identical to ISO 37 type 4
similiar to ISO 527-3 type 5
ASTM D 638 I Preferred specimen >
_165 57±0.5 19+6.4 13±0.5 3.2±0.4 50±0.25 115±5 B.155 / 156
for rigid plastics
ASTM D 638 II Preferred if type 1 does not >
_183 57±0.5 19+6.4 6±0.5 3.2±0.4 50±0.25 135±5 B.157 / 158
break in the narrow section
ASTM D 638 III for thickness > 7 mm >
_246 57±0.5 29+6.4 19±0.5 7...14 50±0.25 115±5 B.057 / 058
(rigid and non-rigid plastics)
ASTM D 638 V Smaller specimen taken >
_63.5 9.53 9.53+3.1 3.18±0.5 3.2±0.4 7.62 25.4±5 B.161 / 162
from parts or semi-products
ASTM D 638 V For comparison between >
_115 33±0.5 19+6.4 6±0.05 3.2±0.4 25±0.13 65±5 B.159 / 160
rigid and non-rigid platics
(similiar to ISO 37 type 1)
ASTM D 638 M-I Preferred metric size >
_150 60±0.5 20±0.5 10±0.5 <10 50±0.25 115±5 B.019 / 020
for rigid and semi-rigid
plastics
ASTM D 638 M-III Smaller metric size >
_60 10±0.5 10±0.5 2.5±0.5 <4 7.5±0.2 25±5 B.165 / 166
to M-I
ASTM D 638 M-II Metric size for >
_115 33±0.5 25±0.5 6±0.5 <4 25±0.5 80±5 B.009 / 010
non-rigid materials
ISO 178 flexural properties >
_80 10±0.2 4 (preferred) machined
(center part of
ISO 3167 specimen)
12
inch inch inch inch inch inch inch spare die1)
ASTM D 638 I Preferred specimen >

_6.5 2.25 >
_0.75 0.5 0.13±0.02 2 4.5 B.167 / 168
for rigid plastics
ASTM D 638 II Preferred if type 1 does not >
_7.2 2.25 >
_0.75 0.25 0.13±0.02 2 5.3 B.061 / 062
break in the narrow section
ASTM D 638 III For specimen thickness >
_9.7 2.25 >
_1.13 0.75 0.28/0.55 2 4.5 B.057 / 058
>7 mm (rigid and non-rigid
plastics)
ASTM D 638 V Smaller specimen taken from >
_2.5 0.375 >
_0.375 0.125 0.32±0.02 0.3 1 B.161 / 162
parts or semi-products
ASTM D 638 IV For comparison between >
_4.5 1.3 >
_0.75 0.25 0.32±0.02 1 2.5 B.163 / 164
rigid and non-rigid plastics
(similiar to ISO 37, type 1)

ISO 37 1 Preferred size >

_115 33±2 25±1 6+0.4 2±0.2 25±0.5 - B.009 / 010
ISO 37 1A Smaller size 100 20+2 25±1 5±0.1 2±0.2 20±0.5 - B.187/188
ISO 37 2 Smaller preferred size >
_75 25±1 12.5±1 4±0.1 2±0.2 20±0.5 - B.005 / 006
ISO 37 3 Smaller size >
_50 16±1 8.5±0.5 4±0.1 2±0.2 10±0.5 - B.121 / 122
ISO 37 4 Very small size >
_35 12±0.5 6±0.5 2±0.1 1±0.1 10±0.5 - B.083 / 084
DIN 53504 S1 Larger size 115 33±2 25±1 6+0.4 2±0.2 25 - B.009 / 010
DIN 53504 S2 Preferred size 75 25±1 12.5±1 4±0.1 2±0.2 20 - B.005 / 006
DIN 53504 S3a Smaller size 50 16 8.5 4 2±0.2 10 - B.121 / 122
DIN 53504 S3 Very small size 35 12±0.5 6±0.5 2±0.05 1±0.1 10 - B.083 / 084
ASTM D 412 C Preferred size >
_115 33 25±1 6+0.05 1.3...3.3 25±0.25 - B.009 / 010
ASTM D 412 A Possible size >
_140 59±2 25±1 12+0.05 1.3...3.3 50±0.5 - B.145 / 146
ASTM D 412 B Possible size >
_40 59±2 25±1 6+0.05 1.3...3.3 50±0.5 - B.143 / 144
ASTM D 412 D Possible size >
_100 33±2 16±1 3+0.05 1.3...3.3 25±0.25 - B.123 / 124
ASTM D 412 E Possible size >
_125 59±2 16±1 3+0.05 1.3...3.3 50±0.5 - B.147 / 148
ASTM D 412 F Possible size >
_125 59±2 16±1 6+0.05 1.3...3.3 50±0.5 - B.149 / 150
ISO 37 A Normal size 52.6 44.6±0.2 4±0.2 152.7 - C.003 / 004 +
C.099 / 100
ISO 37 B Small size 10 8±0.1 1±0.1 28.26 - C.065 / 066 +
C.119 / 120
DIN 53504 R1 Preferred size 52.6 44.6 4±0.2 152.7 - C.003 / 004 +
C.099 / 100
DIN 53504 R2 Small size 44.6 36.6 4±0.2 127.5 - C.005 / 006 +
C.007 / 008
ASTM D 412 1 Preferred size 17.9 15.9 1...3.3 50 - C.121 / 122 +
C.123 / 124
ASTM D 412 2 Larger size 35.8 31.8 1...3.3 100 - C.125 / 126 +
C.127 / 128
ISO 34-1 A Tear test, trouser >
_100 - 15±1 - 2±0.2 - - D.007 / 008
preferred size
ISO 34-1 and B and Tear test, angle >
_100 - 19±0.05 12.7±0.05 2±0.2 - - D.001 / 002
ASTM D 624 C without nick
ISO 34-1 and C and Tear test, Crescend >
_110 - 25±0.5 10.5±0.05 2±0.2 - - D.029 / 030
ASTM D 624 B without nick
ASTM D 624 cutting die A 42 - - 10.2 - - - D.033 / 034
1)
Cutting is only possible for specimen showing a hardness less than 85 Shore A. Harder materials shall be machined by use of milling machines or
other convenient machinery acc. to ISO 2818.
2)
This specimen shape is specially designed for moulding. Cut specimens do not correspond to any standard.
3)
Value indicates the upper and lower tolerances..
13
Flexible cellular polymeric materials (soft foams)

ISO 1798 Tensile specimen 152 55 25 13 10...15 25/50 - B.015 / 016
ASTM D 3574 - E Tensile specimen 139.7 34.9 25.4 6.4 12.5±1.5 20/25 B.039 / 040
ISO 8067 Tear strength, method A 125±25 25±1 25±1 D.093 / 094
Tear strength, method B >
_100 19 12.7 - D.001 / 002
ASTM D 3574 - F Tear resistance test 152.4 25.4 25.4 D.081 / 082
Thin sheetings and films

ISO 527-3 2 Recommended shape. <
_150 10 <
_1 50±0.5 100±5 A.149 / 150
Strip taken with any <
_150 12 <
_1 50±0.5 100±5 A.121 / 122
kind of cutting device. <
_150 13 <
_1 50±0.5 100±5 A.123 / 124
L0 may be reduced <
_150 15 <
_1 50±0.5 100±5 A.125 / 126
to 50 mm for high <
_150 20 <
_1 50±0.5 100±5 A.079 / 080
elongations <
_150 25 <
_1 50±0.5 100±5 A.127 / 128
ISO 527-3 5 Specimen shape for >
_115 33±2 25±1 6 ±0.4 <
_1 25±0.25 80±5 B.009 / 010 or
quality and control purpose B.125 / 126
(130 mm long)
ISO 527-3 1B Specimen shape for >
_150 60±0.5 20±0.5 10±0.2 <
_1 50±0.5 115±5 B.019 / 020
quality and control purpose
ISO 527-3 4 Specimen shape for >
_152 50±0.5 38 25.4±0.1 <
_1 50±0.5 73.4 B.085 / 086
thin sheets
ASTM D 882 Strip for quality control >
_150 5...25.4 <
_1 100 100 on request
Strip für modulus measuring >
_300 5...25.4 <
_1 250 250 on request
Reinforced plastic composites

Standard Type Application l3 l1 b2 b1 h L0 L Shape
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
ISO 527-4 1B Preferred for isotropic and >
_150 60±0.5 20±0.2 10±0.2 4.0±0.2 50±0.5 115
orthotropic reinforced
composites and for
ISO 527-4 2 multidirectional and >
_250 25±0.5 2...10 50±1 150±1
oder 50±0.5
ISO 527-4 3 fibre-reinforced materials >
_250 25±0.5 2...10 50±1 136
oder 50±0.5
ISO 527-5 A Unidirectional fibre-reinforced 250 15±0.5 1±0.2 50±1 136
plastic composites, longitudinal
ISO 527-5 B For transverse direction 250 25±0.5 2±0.2 50±1 136
14
Plastic piping

PVC-Pipes
ISO 6259-2 1 Machined specimen >
_115 33±2 >
_15 6+0.4 wall thickness 25±1 80±5
ISO 6259-2 2 By cutting die >

_115 33±2 25±1 6+0.4 wall thickness 25±1 80±5 B009 / 010
produced specimen
Polyolefin pipes (PE, PP)
ISO 6259-3 1 Wall thickness >5 mm >
_115 60±0.5 20±0.2 10±0.2 wall thickness 50±0.5 115±0.5
(similiar ISO 527-2, type 1B)
ISO 6259-3 2 Wall thickness <
_5 mm >
_115 33±2 25±1 6+0.4 wall thickness 25±1 80±5 B009 / 010
(similiar ISO 37, type 1)
ISO 6259-3 3 Wall thickness >12 mm >
_250 25±1 100±3 25±1 wall thickness 20±1 165±5
Specimen for pendulum impact tests

ISO 179-1 1 Charpy (from multipurpose 80±2 - - 10±0.2 4±0.2 62+0.5 only molding
specimen) (preferred) or machining
ISO 179-1 2 Charpy, materials exhibiting 25 x h - - 10 or 15 3 (preferred)20 x h -

3 interlaminar shear (11 or 13) x h - 10 or 15 3 (preferred)(6 or 8) x h -
ASTM D 6110 - Charpy, notched specimen 127 63.5 - 12.7 3...12.7 101.6±0.5 molded or
(5‘‘) (2.5‘‘) (1‘‘) 6.36...12.7 (4‘‘) pressed
(preferred)
ISO 180 1 Izod (from multipurpose 80±2 - - 10±0.2 4±0.2 - -
specimen)
ASTM D 256 - Izod, notched specimen 63.5±2 - - 12.7±0.2 3...12.7 31.8±1 -
(2.5‘‘) (0.5‘‘) 6.35...12.7 (1.25‘‘)
(preferred)
ASTM D 4812 - Cantilever Beam Impact 63.5 - - 12.7 3.17 ±0.13 - -
(unnotched) (2.5‘‘) (0.5‘‘) (preferred)
ASTM D 4508 - Chip impact 19.05 - - 12.7 1.02...3.175 - -
(small specimen) (0.75‘‘) (0.5‘‘) (0.04‘‘...0.125‘‘)
DIN 53435 - Dynstat impact 15 ±1 - - 10 ±0.5 1.2...4.5 -
(small specimen)
ISO 8256 1 Tensile impact, notched type 80±2 30±2 10±0.5 6±0.2 - D.095 / 096
2 Tensile impact 60±1 25±2 10±0.2 3±0.05 10±0.2 D.101 / 102
3 Tensile impact 80±2 30±2 15±0.5 10±0.5 10±0.2 D.103 / 104
4 Tensile impact 60±1 25±2 10±0.2 3±0.1 - D.097 / 098
5 Tensile impact 80±2 50±0.5 15±0.5 5±0.5 10±0.2 D.105 / 106
ASTM S Tensile impact 63.5 25.4 9.53/12.7 3.18±0.03 3.2 - D.087 / 088
D 1822M L Tensile impact 63.5 25.4 9.53/12.7 3.18±0.03 3.2 - D.090 / 100
(2.5‘‘) (1‘‘) (0.125‘‘) (0.125‘‘)
15
Dimension measurement Digital micrometers Dead weight thickness
with ratchet gauges
The reproducibility of test results is
significantly influenced by accurate Micrometers, able to generate a are used to measure the dimensions
and reproducible measurement of constant measuring force, are of rubbers, elastomers, non-rigid
the specimen dimensions. suitable for dimensions >_ 0.25 mm plastics, flexible cellular plastics, thin
of rigid and semi-rigid plastics. sheetings and plastic films.
Methods for determining the relevant
dimensions are defined in Standards. Both vernier callipers and micro- As the surface pressure applied on the
meters can be connected via RS232 test piece by the thickness gauge is
Vernier calliper interface to the PC. Multiplexers for important for accurate measurement,
2, 3 or 6 measurement devices are the testing Standards fix the shape
Vernier callipers can be used to also available. and surface-area of contacting sur-
determine dimensions of > _ 30 mm on faces such as the pressure foot and
plastics and rubbers (see ISO 178, the anvil as well as the weight to be
ISO 4648, ASTM D 3767, DIN 53534), applied. Various contact elements
and dimensions > _ 10 mm of rigid can be used with the same device.
cellular plastics (DIN 53570)
A choice of standards and contact
elements is shown on the next page.
Reference W40032 Reference THICK THICK
Range: 0 to 25 mm GA.000 GA.H00
Contact surface, shape: circular/flat Range: 12 mm 12 mm
Reference Range Resolution Contact surface diameter: 6.35 mm Resolution: 1 µm 0.2 µm
W40031 150 mm 0.01 mm Measuring force: 5 to 10 N Anvil dia.: 50 mm 50 mm
W40038 500 mm 0.01 mm Display resolution: 0.001 mm Connection: Multiplexer RS 232
Digital vernier calliper (Ref. W40031) Digital hand micrometer (Ref. W40032) Dead weight thickness gauge providing a
constant measuring force
(DM-THICKGA.00 + DM-PLASTFOI.S00)
Requirements of standards for measurements by use of a micrometer

or an automatic cross-section measuring device
Standard Material Test type Measurement of Reading req.
ISO 527-1 Rigid and semi-rigid plastics Tensile Thickness, width <
_0.020 mm
ASTM D 638 Rigid and semi-rigid plastics Tensile Thickness, width <
_0.025 mm
ISO 178 Rigid and semi-rigid plastics Flexural Thickness, width <
_0.010 mm
ASTM D 790 Rigid and semi-rigid plastics Flexural Thickness, width <
_0.010 mm
ASTM D 374 Plastic sheet and film General Thickness >0,25mm <
_0.010 mm
ISO 1923 Rigid cellular plastics General Dimensions <_10 mm <
_0.05 mm
16
Requirements of standards – Measurement carried out by use of dead weight thickness gauges
Standard Material Test- Specimen Measure- Pressure- Pressure- Anvil Contact Contact Reso- Recomm.
type ment of foot, shape foot, diam. diam. pressure force lution contact elem.
mm mm kPa N mm Reference
ISO 37 Rubber Tensile Dumbbell Width (nominal distance between cutting edges)
Rubber Tensile Ring Thickness circul./flat (same device as for dumbbell test pieces)
Tensile Ring Rad. Width 2 cylinders on request
ISO 4648/ Rubber/ Tensile 1 / (S1) Thickn.<30 circul./flat 10 >10 10±2 0.562 0.001
DIN 53534 IRHD<35 Tensile 2 / (S2) Thickn.<30 circul./flat 10 >10 10±2 0.388 0.001
Tensile 3 / (S3a) Thickn.<30 circul./flat 10 >10 10±2 0.388 0.001
Tensile 4 / (S3)*) Thickn.<30 circul./flat 10 >10 10±2 0.201 0.001
larger
specimen*) Thickn.<30 circul./flat 6 >6 10±2 0.282 0.001 DM-
IRHD> _35 Tensile 1 / (S1) Thickn.<30 circul./flat 10 >10 22±5 1.236 0.001 ELASTOM.S00
Tensile 2 / (S2) Thickn.<30 circul./flat 10 >10 22±5 0.853 0.001
Tensile 3 / (S3a) Thickn.<30 circul./flat 10 >10 22±5 0.853 0.001
Tensile 4 / (S3) Thickn.<30 circul./flat 10 >10 22±5 0.441 0.001
larger
specimen Thickn.<30 circul./flat 6 >6 22±2 0.622 0.001
ASTM D412/ Rubber/ Tensile Dumbbell Thickn.< _30 circul./flat 3...10 35 10±2 - 0.001
ASTM D3767 IRHD< _35 Tensile Dumbbell Width (nominal distance between cutting edges)
IRHD>35 Tensile Dumbbell Thickn.< _30 circul./flat 3...10 >
_35 22±5 - 0.001 DM-
IRHD< _35 Tensile Ring Thickn.<_30 circul./flat 3...10 >
_35 10±2 - 0.001 ELASTOM.S00
IRHD>35 Tensile Ring Thickn.<_30 circul./flat 3...10 >
_35 22±5 - 0.001
alle IRHD Tensile Ring Rad. width 2 cylinders 15.5±0.5 (length 12mm) on request
ASTM D374 Shore A General All types Thickness circul./flat 6.35±0.25 > _50 26±4 - 0.002 on request
30 to 80 0.76...6.35
ASTM D3767 Rubber Compr. Thickness spherical 9.5...10 0.8±0.1 - on request
set plot (Spheric rad. 12.5±0.1)
ISO 527-1 Non-rigid Tensile Dumbbell Thickness circul./flat - - 20±3 - 0.02 DM-
plastics Tensile Dumbbell Width circul./flat - - 20±3 - 0.1 PLASTFOI.S00
ASTM D 638 Non-rigid Tensile Dumbbell Thickness circul./flat 6.35±0.025 >6.4 25±2.5 - on request
plastics Tensile Dumbbell Width circul./flat 6.35±0.025 >6.4 25±2.5 - -
Tensile Large spec. Thickness circul./flat 15.88±0.08 >6 25±2.5 - -
ISO 527-3/ Sheet & Tensile Strip & Thickness circul./flat 2.5...10 2.5...10 0.5...1 -0.001 DM-
ISO 4593 film Tensile Dumbbell > _10 µm PLASTFOI.S00
Tensile Width (nominal distance between cutting edges)
ASTM D882 Sheet & Tensile Strip & Thickness circul./flat 25...55 3...13 > _51 0.0025 DM-
film Dumbbell > _0,025...to 0,25 PLASTFOI.S00
ASTM D374 Sheet & General All types Thickness circul./flat 25...55 3...13 > _51 0.002 DM-
film >
_0,025...0,25 PLASTFOI.S00
ISO 1923/ Cellular General All types Dimensions circul./flat 35.7 >36 0.1±0.01 - 0.05 on request
DIN 53570 plastics >
_10 mm
*)
Measurement only with thickness gauge DM-THICKGA.H00
Remark: Standards for elastomers and rubbers generally require the median of 3 measurements.
Standards for plastics generally require the average of 3 measurements.
Standards for cellular plastics generally require the average of 5 measurements.
17
Automatic cross-section Material testing
measurement device machines
Automatic cross-section measure- Zwick produces material testing
ment devices are used for fast, com- machines with capacities up to
fortable and reproducible measure- 6000 kN and sometimes more. For
ment of specimen thickness, width plastic materials and rubbers most
or diameter on rigid and semi-rigid of the standard tests are covered by
plastics. forces up to 20 kN.
The operator places the specimen Automatic cross-section measuring device Typical fields of application
into the measurement device where (Ref. 066998.00.00)
one or several measurements can Loads up to 1 kN
be carried out. By this method, the • Tensile and tear tests on rubbers,
influence of the operator on the non-rigid plastics, thin sheets and
specimen dimension measurement Determination of ambient film, cellular plastics
is eliminated. density according to • Creep and flexural tests on rigid
ISO 1183, DIN 53479-A and semi-rigid plastics
Reference 066998.00.00 • Peel resistance of adhesives
The method consists of weighing
Shoulder width, max: 40 mm
the material in air and in distilled Loads up to 10 kN
Parallel length, min: 60 mm
water, normally at ambient temper- • Indentation hardness and com-
Specimen length, min: 100 mm
ature. The kit consists of weighing pression tests on cellular plastics
Thickness, range: 0.1 to 20 mm
mechanism and a thermometer.
Thickness, contact foot: spherical
A suitable balance is needed. Loads up to 20 kN
Width/diameter, range: 6.0 to 40 mm
Width, contact foot shope: flat, Ø 1 mm
• Tensile, compression, creep and
Resolution: 0.001 mm
shear tests on rigid and semi-rigid
Accuracy (gauge block): ± 0.003 mm
plastics
PC-Connection: RS 232
including certified gauge block.
Loads higher than 20 kN
• Tensile and compression
properties of reinforced plastic
Measurement of cross composites
section by weight • Compression properties of plastic
piping as well as other plastic and
This method is used for the cross- rubber parts
section determination of rubber and
elastomer ring specimens as well as Basic concept
for strip specimens of very thin
(<
_ 10 µm) or embossed plastic film. In order to be able to offer the best
machine for each requirement,
Available balances Digital balance and kit for the determination Zwick‘s comprehensive product
of density, gravimetric method, (4106.69) range includes three machine
Reference W4002- versions for static materials testing,
2.01.00 2.02.00 3.01.00
each of them offering different
Meas. range <_51 g <
_101 g <
_151 g equipment, performance and
Resolution 0.1 mg 0.1 mg 1 mg expansion capabilities:
PC-connec. RS232 RS232 RS232
Power supply 220 V 220 V 220 V
18
• The ProLine is particularly Measurement and control • 500 Hz real-time processing of
suitable for functional tests on system the test data for monitoring and
component parts as well as for event oriented control of the test
standard materials tests. A broad The fundamental component for any sequence and for safety limits.
range of standard accessories testing machine is the measure- (e.g. speed change upon reaching
provides comprehensive testing ment and control system. Its design the yield or proof stress limit)
capability at an affordable price. and scope of capabilities determine • Adaptive control for precise and
which drive system it can regulate, reproducible speeds and positions
• The zwicki-Line consists of top- which measurement system it is
quality space-saving testing ma- connected to and which functions testControl and hence the testing
chines. These simple-to-use and can be controlled. machine, is operated by using a PC
easy-to-transport single column and the test software testXpert® II.
machines have been designed for The testControl controller offers The system is easy to configure and
test forces up to a maximum of highest technical performance and upgrade for almost any diverse
5 kN. long range return of investment application as well as extremely
through the use of the latest flexible and easy to operate.
• The Allround-Line is the technologies and highest quality
flagship-range of testing standards. Notable characteristics The optional stand-alone variant
equipment offering the highest of the electronics are: offers simple, direct operation of the
level of technical sophistication testing machine without a PC, using
and future expansion possibilities. • Chronologically-synchronized test a colour display, a key pad and a
data recording with high resolution few, intuitive function keys. A printer
and measurement frequency can be connected to output the test
• Sampling of input signal at 320 kHz results.
Components testing with ProLine: Materials testing:

Determination of the stiffness of window frames Tensile test according to ISO 527-2
19
Load frames Table-top testing machines, Table-top testing machines,
ProLine zwicki-Line
Different load frame versions are
available for test loads up to 2000 kN The load frames of the ProLine are These single column load frames
as standard. Special applications designed with twin lead screws and are designed with very rigid
can be developed and manufactured, 2 round steel columns ensuring aluminium high-precision extruded
for example, load frames in precise guidance of the moving profiles. The working area is freely
horizontal posi-tion suitable for the crosshead. The integrated protec- accessible from 3 sides. It only
testing of long ropes. tion of lead screws and guide requires limited bench space and
columns aids reliable testing even fits on most laboratory tables. Due
for very brittle materials. to its low weight, it is easy to
transport.
zwicki-Line load frames and drives
Series Z0.5 Z1.0 Z2.5 Z5.0

• Max. test load [kN] 0.5 1.0 2.5 5.0
• Work space height
* short [mm] 570 570 573 -
* normal [mm] 1070 1070 1073 1030
* high [mm] 1370 1373 1373 -
• Work space width [mm]
• Work space depth [mm] 100 100 100 100
• Max. crosshead speed [mm/min] 2000/3000 2000 1000 600
• Crosshead travel resolution [µm] 0.2453 0.2265 0.0996 0.0399
• Max. power consumption, kVA 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44
zwicki-Line materials testing machines for materials and components testing Alround-Line Z010 equipped for tensile
testing
20
Table-top and floor standing A unique development by Zwick steel guiding columns and high
models, Allround-Line allows all table top load frames with precision and backlash-free ball
two columns to be equipped with screws. The crossheads of these
The table-top version is constructed legs to allow them to stand on the loadframes can be arranged in differ-
using two aluminium, high-precision floor and position the working area ent ways, so that the lower, upper,
extruded profiles (patented design). at an optimum height for the or both workspaces can be utilized.
They are light, very rigid and serve operator. This allows a comfortable
simultaneously as lead-screw guides seated operation with complete All load frames with an electrome-
and protection. T-shaped grooves freedom for leg movement thus chanical drive system can be
on the outer sides allow a simple making the testing system suitable equipped with a second working
fitting of accessories as e.g. safety for wheelchair users. area. This allows a fast and conve-
devices without being impeded by nient work station and can elimi-
the crosshead. The floor standing models are nate the need for the operator to
equipped with hard-chrome plated change tooling and operator.
Allround-Line Z050 in an extended version for testing tensile Allround-Line Z100 equipped with pneumatic grips and Macro
characteristics and ring stiffness on plastic pipes extensometer
21
Loadframes for testing and fast operation. By use of adap-
soft foams tors, this load frame can be used for
tensile and tear testing as well.
Specific loadframes are available
to test large foam parts such as Lower testing platform
seat cushions, matresses etc.
Several types of standard loadframes
The C-frame can be equipped with a lower testing
platform (see below right) that allows
With this type of loadframe lateral testing of larger foam parts, but main-
tables can be raised on both sides tains the functionality of the load
in order to get a large anvil surface. frame itself.
Optionally, this frame can be equip-
ped by a sliding-support which is use- Constant load pounding machine
ful for testing large matresses. In the
test area the table is perforated with This machine type is equipped with a
holes to allow rapid air escape during high-speed electromechanical drive This machine can be used for constant load
indentation tests, as described in system to generate the constant pounding tests as well as for static
compression and indentation hardness
many ISO, ASTM standards and load pounding frequency required
automotive specifications. by the testing standards. In addition,
this machine can also be used for
The test space is accessible from static compression and indentation
three sides to allow a very practical hardness tests.
The C-frame is used for compression and indentation hardness tests of large foam parts Testing of larger parts can be performed in
the optional lower testing platform
22
ProLine Load Frames and Drives
Tabletop Testing Machines

Series Z005 Z010 Z020 Z030 Z0501) Z100
• Max. test load [kN] 5 10 20 30 50 100
* shortened [mm] 570 - - - - -
* normal [mm] 1070 1050 1050 1370 1370 1360
* increased [mm] - - - - - -
• Work space width [mm] 440 440 440 440 440 640
• Work space depth [mm]
• Max. crosshead speed [mm/min] 500 1000 500 300 180/6001) 300
• Crosshead travel resolution [µm] 0.039 0.038 0.018 0.012 0.007/0.0161) 0.008
• Max. power consumption, kVA 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8/31) 3
1)
This testing machine is available in two electronics variations. The first value is for the standard electronics, the second for testControl.
Allround-Line Load Frames and Drives
Tabletop Testing Machines

Series Z005 Z010 Z020 Z030 Z050 Z100 Z150
• Max. test load [kN] 5 10 20 30 50 100 150
* normal [mm] 2) 1045/1025 1045/1025 1045/1025 - - - -
* increased [mm] 2) 1445/1425 1445/1425 1445/1425 1355/1325 1355/1325 1355 1535
* extra high [mm] 2) 1795/1785 1795/1785 1795/1785 1755/1725 1755/1725 1755 -
• Work space width
* normal [mm] 440 440 440 440 440 - -
* widened [mm] 640 640 640 640 640 640 640
• Max. crosshead speed [mm/min] 3000 2000 1000/20003) 1000 600 750/15003) 900
• Crosshead travel resolution [µm] 0.0410 0.0272 0.0136/0.05433) 0.0271 0.0163 0.0207 0.0123
• Max. power consumption, kVA 2 1.9 2.1/2.63) 2.3 2.3 4/63) 5.5
Floor-standing Testing Machines

Series Z050 Z100 Z150 Z250 Z300 Z400 Z600
• Max. test load [kN] 50 100 150 250 300 400 600
• Work space height[mm] 1825/17602) 1825/17602) 1715/16552) 1715/16552); 1800 1800 1940
13604)
• Work space width
* normal [mm] 630 630 630 630 630 630 740
* widened [mm] 1030 1030 1030 1030 - - -
• Max. crosshead speed [mm/min] 1000/20003) 500/10003) 900 600 250 250 200
• Crosshead travel resolution [µm] 0.0270 0.0136 0.0123 0.0082 0.031 0.031 0.025
• Max. power consumption, kVA 4/53) 4/53) 5.5 6 7/135) 7/135) 20/265)
2)
The second value is for the model with the widened work space 3) Depending on selected drive and its power
4)
The last value is for a cost effective special model limited to one work space 5) Higher power consumption applies for hydraulic grips
23
testXpert® II – Intelligent
and Reliable, the New
Software Generation for
Materials Testing
Zwick Roell has set new standards
with testXpert® for intelligent materials
testing software. Unlike other software,
Zwick has standardized testXpert®
for all of its applications, no matter
whether static or dynamic tests – so
you spend less time learning to handle
software and more time conducting
tests. With testXpert® II, you benefit
from over 80 years of testing
experience and from over 10,000
successful installations worldwide.
Some Significant Benefits

of testXpert® II
Ingeniously simple – testXpert® II Modular design – means that Online language swapping –
is organized so that you can oper- specific testing solutions meet your Needless to say, you can have
ate it intuitively. Expressive symbols particular requirements. Additional testXpert® II in your language of
and a clear menu structure enable testing capabilities can be added as choice. testXpert® II speaks more
quick familiarization. The menu bar needed. than one language – all you need to
is set up according to the needs of do is click the mouse in order to
the user, making working with Compatible with your hardware – change the language online. Lan-
testXpert® II ingeniously simple. Zwick testXpert® II is compatible with guage swapping is a function which
all commercially available PCs and can be changed at any time, e.g.,
Intelligent – Wizards help you to laptops without the need for an addi- when generating the test report. Fle-
set up or change test procedures tional interface card! This means it is xible testXpert® II language swapping
and test reports. Should you have easy to switch system computers or offers international teams not only
any questions, the extensive context even to develop test methods or per- language-neutral operation of their
sensitive online help feature will form analyses in the office at your testing machine but also consider-
quickly deliver the answer. convenience. You always have ac- ably simplified communication.
cess to your test data.
24
Industry-oriented terminology
and data export capability –
And testXpert® II not only uses your
language but it also adopts your
technical terminology. For example,
symbols or variables that are specific
to your industry (e.g., metals, plastics,
rubber) are implemented throughout
the software. This provides more re-
levant meaningful information for your
testing application. Today’s quality
assurance standards necessitate
that the test results may be expor-
ted to a company’s central labora-
tory database. So we have created
testXpert® II to communicate reliably
with your IT system by providing flexi-
ble interfaces and MS Office integra- Comparison of measured and nominal strain during a tensile test acc. ISO 527-2
tion by means of Object Linking
Editing (OLE).
The results are already calculated
Select Test Standard during the test so that the test pro-
In testXpert® II you find the right cedure can be eventmanaged, e.g.,
standard for every test. Just select by speed change after determining
the desired test program. All para- the E-modulus or the yield point.
meters are preconfigured to stan- Only in this manner can the test be
dard. You can of course adjust these performed quickly and according to
if you wish. standard.
Test Evaluation of Test Results

The individual data are displayed on In testXpert® II you can create many
the monitor – online as part of the different screen layouts according to
test procedure. You can follow the your needs. For example: With other
test procedure live. If desired you graphs, various representations of
can also incorporate an exactly the testing curves, tables and additi-
synchronized video recording. onal statistics. With one click you
can switch between the various lay-
outs, thus changing the representa-
tion of your test results.
For processing the test results

testXpert® II offers a variety of tools:
e.g., the report editor for creating an
individual test report, or various ex-
port possibilities, e.g., in Excel or
Word.
25
Synchronized video recording –
testXpert® II offers you an image-for-
image, perfectly synchronized video
recording of your test. You can inter-
pret the measuring curve of the test
efficiently with the help of the recor-
ded image changes of the specimen.
You can record the test procedure
with a video camera or an USB
webcam. And testXpert® II saves the
recorded images synchronized with
the measuring data. The visual recor-
ding shows, for example, when, how,
and where the specimen necks,
buckles, or changes colors. The al-
terations in specimen dimensions
can be measured exactly from the
captured images. In addition, before
the test, you can determine which
events images should be recorded
for: such as the point in a cycle when
compression switches over into ten-
sile stress. Afterwards you can print
out these pictures or integrate them
into the test report. Thanks to the
synchronized video recording, the
test procedure can be recalled or
compared at any later time. The video pictures and the data curves are exactly synchronized with each other. The
measured data points and specimen behaviour are then easily compared
testXpert® II LIMS –
Only testXpert® II offers these fea-
tures: an integrated Laboratory Infor-
mation Management System (LIMS).
A powerful database is available to
administer your test results in order
to create and archive long-term sta-
tistics and reports. All data acquired
by testXpert® II are available from
any testing system in your company.
A representation of a material’s tensile strength over a period of days
26
Graphical Sequence Editor –
The testXpert® II Graphical Sequence
Editor offers all the freedom you could
possibly hope for. It enables you to
design test procedures of any kind
individually, by combining test
events, parameters and results ex-
actly as you require. The intelligent
construction of the graphical-user
interface allows the editor to make
your work easy. You do not require
any programming knowledge: The
graphic user interface makes for quick
familiarization with the functionality.
The integrated simulation mode
offers you safety: It analyzes the test
procedure you have created incor-
porating a virtual testing machine,
with different specimen behaviour
(e.g. spring, plastic, metal, etc.). You An example of a graphical sequence editor program
thus filter out errors from the test
procedure in the early stages, and all Example: You want to cycle between second step. You can enter the
this without destroying a single two steps (such as load levels) within number of loops in the loop module
specimen. a test sequence. Use the mouse to underneath it, and then reconnect it
select the module of the first step and to the beginning. At the same time,
drag and drop it into the sequence. a limit can be monitored during this
Decide the parameters for the first process. Once again, very simply, by
step. Proceed accordingly with the selecting the respective limit module.
The program sequence is illustrated. Details for each step may be shown and changed by clicking on the respective boxes.
27
Intelligent Load cells temperature devices, these are the • Load cell type S-beam
temperature sensitivity of zero-point The body of this flat, S-shaped
Load cells are available for accurate and measured value. During com- load cell is a double beam. It is
load measurement of forces from pression and flexural tests, trans- relatively sensitive to excentric
0.04 N onwards. They offer the verse forces and moments may load applications.
following advantages in conjunction occur which should not falsify the
with the digital measurement force value in an inadmissible way
electronics: and which should not damage the
• Automatic identification and load cell. For this reason, Zwick
acquisition of all setting and offers different types of load cells.
calibration parameters via sensor
plug. An exchange of the load cells • Load cell type ring-torsion
neither requires a calibration nor a The body of this circular load cell • Load cell type beam bar
modification of the setting data. is a bending ring with ring-shaped This load cell consists of a double
• Automatic zero-point and strain gauges on the face sides. beam-shaped body. The centri-
sensitivity balancing It is very insensitive to excentric cally acting test load is traversed
• Temperature compensation load applications and overloads. laterally and transmitted to the
• High measurement frequency crosshead of the testing machine.
• Very high test data resolution Therefore it is quite sensitive to
• Accuracy: excentric load applications.
Class 1 (1 % of reading)
from 0.2 to 120 % of full scale load
(1 to 100 % in the case of load
cells smaller than 500 N).
Class 0.5 (0.5 % of reading) from • Load cell type ring-spokes
1 % to 100 % of full scale load. The outer and the inner ring of
• Overload protection this load cell are linked by spokes Note:
• Manufacturer’s test certificate on which the strain gages are The measurement body of the load cell is
illustrated in dark blue and the strain gauges
to certify the factory calibration applied to. This load cell is rela- applied onto them are illustrated in red.
tively insensitive to excentric load
Load cells with one or two sided applications.
mounting stud and self-identifying
sensor plugs are available for load
capacities from 10 N upwards.
Types and recommendations

for their use
Depending on the test, the

accuracy of the load cells and other
features are important. For use with
Type/test conditions RT RS SB BB
Tension force with axial load application +++ +++ +++ +++
Compressive force with safe axial load application + + + ++ ++ ++

Compressive force with excentric load application + + + - 1) - 2) - 2)
Bending tests + + + ++ ++ ++
Extended temperature range + + + ++ ++ ++
Creep tests + + + ++ ++ ++
Axial alignment under load + + + +++ ++ +
1)
Limited measuring accuracy Load cell with sensor plug, type ring-torsion
2)
Risk of destruction
28
Specimen In order to avoid specimen break because the pressure generator
Grips and Tooling within the grips – particularly for maintains the oil or compressed air
gripping-sensitive and flexible speci- pressure. When using screw grips,
Specimen grips for tensile, mens (plastic films, strips, mono- the gripping pressure is reduced in
creep and cyclic tests filaments) – the test load is slightly accordance to the rigidity and the
reduced by a frictional force applied resilience of the specimen grip.
Zwick offers a large product range by wrapping around prior to gripping.
of specimen grips in various designs, For this purpose, the specimen ends Due to the high gripping force of
test load ranges and test tempera- are wound onto cam plates and are these specimen grips, specimen
tures to cover the wide range of subsequently clamped. material is “pushed” out of the
applications for the plastics and gripping range while closing the
rubber testing (see table “selection For rubber ring specimens, the force grips. The specimen is compressed
criteria for specimen grips”). is transferred according to the form- and may be damaged. This effect
fitting gripping principle. They are can be avoided by activating the
The specific range of application of a wound over pulleys. machine drive during the closure
specimen grip depends on the oper- of the clamps. (“Zero-Force-
ating principle and the maximum Gripping force Regulation”).
permissible test load. For tests inside
a temperature or climatic chamber, For specimen grips with an external In case of self-clamping grips, the
the temperature range is another gripping force application, e.g. initially low gripping force increases
important factor. hydraulic, motorized, pneumatic, the in relation to the acting tensile force
set gripping force is effective during and the function principle of the
Force transfer between the entire test. When testing thick grips (Wedge, pincer, etc.).
specimen and specimen grips and soft specimens, specimen
material may flow out of the gripping Gripping surfaces
The clamping principle defines the range (slip) during load application
type of force transfer between causing a reduction of the specimen The frictional force depends not only
specimen and specimen grips. Most thickness. When using hydraulic or on the gripping force, but also on
grips are named according to their pneumatic specimen grips, the the coefficient of friction of the
clamping principle. gripping force remains constant contacting surfaces. For this reason,
exchangeable gripping jaws or jaw
For the majority of specimens, the faces with different surface types
test load can only be transferred by a (shape, surface structure, material
force-holding gripping principle, i.e. etc.) are availalable for many speci-
friction. The frictional force between men grips.
specimen ends and gripping jaws of Clamping force
the specimen grips must always be Gripping travel and opening

greater than the test load. The re- width
quired gripping forces acting vertically Specimen grips with an external
to the test load are generated exter- gripping force application have
nally (e.g. by means of pneumatic a long gripping travel and conse-
pressure) or are generated mechani- quently a large opening width. This
cally from the test load (e.g. by means means an easy specimen feed even
of sliding wedges). Tensile force when testing thicker specimens.
Exchangeable gripping jaws for
Hydr. and pneum. grips different specimen thicknesses are
Screw grips
not required.
Wedge-screw grips
Wedge grips
Pincer grips
Dependence of the clamping force on the

test load for different types of specimen grips
29
When using self-clamping grips, jaw tracking action of about 1 mm
each change of the gripping travel at both ends of the specimen!)
causes a larger displacement of results in a corresponding error of
the jaws in. Therefore, gripping the indirect extension measurement
travel, opening width and thus the for the determination of the nominal
range of specimen thicknesses and strain.
thickness variations are limited for
these types of specimen grips. Handling and control
Differently thick gripping jaws might
be required to cope with different The opening and closing of the
thickness ranges. specimen grips for low test loads
is mostly done via lever or hand-
Gripping jaw tracking action wheel.
During the test, the specimen thick- When using specimen grips for Hydraulic grips
ness may be reduced in proportion higher test loads and frequent op-
to the increase in test load; this is eration, the manual operation can
particularly the case when testing be very tiring for the operator. In this
thick and soft specimens. This case hydraulic, pneumatic or motor-
change in thickness has to be com- ized grips which are operated via
pensated by an additional gripping push buttons or foot switch are a
travel. For self-clamping grips, the good solution. In case of semi-
gripping jaws are moved towards automatic operations, the user only
the center of the specimen. This has to close the specimen grips.
gripping jaw tracking action which Depending on the specimen dimen-
is considerably greater than the sions, it is even possible to set the
changing thickness of the specimen hydraulic or pneumatic pressure –
(for wedge grips with a wedge angle and thus the gripping force – auto-
of 15 degrees, a change in thick- matically. The opening is done
ness of 0.1 mm causes a gripping automatically after the specimen Pneumatic grips
break.
Open Closed Loaded

Types of specimen holders Pneumatic grips
Hydraulic grips Depending on the clamping force

required, these grips incorporate
These universall grips are predomi- direct acting pneumatic cylinders or
nantly used for average and high apply the clamping force via al lever
test loads. The gripping force is system. They are mainly used for
Gripping process for specimen grips with
applied via direct acting hydraulic low and average test loads.
external load application (long gripping cylinder. The grips are available in
travel, no gripping jaw tracking action) two versions: Versions with single or double-sided
closing gripping jaws are available.
Open Closed Loaded The required pneumatic energy is
• One manually adjustable and one
hydraulic operated grip jaw so mostly supplied by the in-house
Jaw tracking action
shear tests with an excentric compressed air ductwork system

Gripping travel
gripping can also be performed. (see photo: pneumatic grips).

• Symmetrical jaw closing
The required hydraulic energy is

Gripping process for increasing force wedge
supplied by a hydraulic unit
grips (short gripping travel, large gripping jaw (see photo: hydraulic grips).
tracking action)
30
Screw grips Wedge-screw grips Pincer grips
One gripping jaw is operated manu- These specimen grips are a com- This pincer-type specimen grip also
ally via screw drive. The other grip- bination of screw and wedge grips. has the increasing force principle.
ping jaw can be set in fixed steps, With the screw drive, the gripping The initial gripping force is applied
steplessly or may be permanently jaws are closed and opened – and by a prestressed spring. The pincer
fixed. the initial gripping force is generated. principle generates a gripping force
If the clamp is closed, the wedges which increases exponentially to the
generate the increasing force effect. tensile force. It is particularly suit-
able for tensile specimens made of
Optionally, the screw drive can either soft, highly extensible rubber and
be driven by motor, be controlled elastomers which become extremely
manually via push buttons or exter- strong prior to the specimen break.
nally by electronic/PC.
Screw grips Wedge-Screw grips Pincer grips
Wedge grips
Two wedges actuated manually via

lever are pressed against the speci-
men at a low preload generated by
a spring. The wedges cause an in- Spring loaded grips
creasing force effect. I.e., the gripping
force increases with the increase in These grips are particularly suitable
tensile force. for tests at very low forces. The
mass of the specimen grip is of
particular importance here: Its
weight is compared to the nominal
force of the connected load cell so
small that its load measuring range
is not restricted.
The gripping force is generated by a

spring with adjustable spring force.
Thus, sensitive materials can be
tested by using a predefined and
constant gripping force.
Wedge grips Spring loaded grips
31
Selection criteria for specimen grips
Features Specimen grips (Function principle)
Ring testing
Pneumatic-
Hydraulic-
Wedge-
Wedge-
Toggle-
Pincer-
Screw-
loaded
Spring
screw
Load range (max. load)
Min. size, kN 10 0.02 0.02 2.5 0.02 0.5 0.5 0.3 2.5
Max. size, kN 250 100 0.05 250 50 250 10 2.5 2.5
Temperature range
Lower limit, ºC -70 -70 -15 -70 -70 -40 -40 -15 -40
Upper limit, ºC +250 +250 +80 +250 +250 +250 +250 +80 +150
Main range of application
Sheets, strips • • • •
tapes • • •
Monofilament • • •
Strings, ropes • •
Dumbbells • • • • • •
Rings •
Tooling for the determination The table plate of the materials Tooling for the determination
of compressive properties of testing machine Z005 and Z010 of the indentation hardness
flexible cellular materials with C-frame is designed as
compression platen. The upper, This test is also carried out on
Depending on the standard in non-perforated compression platen flexible cellular materials. The upper
question, square specimens with is rigidly fixed. compression platen however has a
an edge length of 50 or 100 mm spherical seating. It has a diameter
are tested. The lower, perforated of 203 mm. The lower compression
compression platen must be larger platen must be perforated.
than the specimen’s cross-section.
It is therefore available in different
sizes.
Determination of the compression properties Determination of the indentation hardness
32
Tooling for flexural tests Hydraulic composites com-
pression test fixture, HCCF
Flexure tests are carried out with
specimens of different dimensions Zwick offers a new and innovative hy-
on thermoset and thermoplastic draulic compression test fixture for
materials, composites etc. and in testing of large numbers of specimen.
accordance with different standards.
Accordingly, there is a large number Advantages are:
of components the test unit in • Time saving, resulting from the
question can be comprised of: improved specimen handling
• Tables for 3-point and 4-point compared to traditional Celanese
flexure tests with manual or or ITTRI test fixtures.
motorized setting of the support Flexure tool according to ISO 178 • The bending influences during the
span and for different test load clamping process are virtually
levels Celanese compression test eliminated.
• Flexure die with different flexure fixture • This test fixture complies with
die radii various test standards as well as
• Flexure supports with different This test fixture, standardized in different specimen geometries.
support radii and with fixed or ISO 14126, prEN 2850, DIN 65380
rotatable bearing and former versions of ASTM D 3410, The test is carried out with reference
is designed for compression tests on to the procedures in ISO 14126, prEN
Ring testing device long fibre reinforced composites. The 2850, DIN 65380 and QVA-Z10-46-
test fixture is placed in between two 38, with the advantage that the
The rubber rings are wrapped compression platens, and the com- following speci-men dimensions can
around two pulleys with defined pression deformation can be mea- be tested:
diameters. One pulley is turned sured by strain gages or special
synchronously to the crosshead extensometry. Various jaw inserts Specimen width: 6.35 to 35 mm
movement. and wedges are available to comply Specimen thickness: up to 6.6 mm
with various specimen dimensions Clamp distance: up to 35 mm
Pulley diameter: and geometries. Length of clamps: 65 mm each
ISO 37: 22.3/4 mm
DIN 53504: 22.3/18.3 mm The compression fixture can be
ASTM D 412: 4.75 mm used in shear loading mode, in end
loading mode or in a mixed mode
combining both.
Ring testing device Classic Celanese test fixture The hydraulic compression test fixture HCCF
allows rapid testing
33
Unit for 90° peel tests Puncture test device Toggle grips
For the determination of adhesive For tests on packaging foils, the These grips are particularly suitable
forces e.g. on glued joints, sealings, specimen, clamped in the lower for thin, strip-shaped plastic films.
adhesive tapes etc., the specimen is specimen holder is penetrated by Its ends are wrapped around round
applied to a rigid base material and an exchangeable indentor. The bolts (functioning as cam plates) by
is then peeled off at a constant puncture force is measured and 180 degrees. These round bolts are
angle of 90°. The peeling force is evaluated. acting at the same time as a gripping
measured and evaluated. jaw actuated by the tensile force.
90º peel test unit Puncture test device acc. to EN 14477 Toggle grips
Unit for the determination of

the coefficients of friction
For the determination of the static

and dynamic coefficient of friction,
the specimen is clamped on a
horizontal mirror glass table and a
defined weight is put onto it. This
weight is pulled over the specimen
via a deflection pulley. This tensile
force is measured and evaluated.
Equipment for the determination of the coefficients of friction (COF)
34
Extensometers This indirect measurement is suit- Advantages for the reduction-in-
able for many compression, inden- width measurement:
In tensile tests the extension versus tation hardness, flexure, tear and • Determination of Poisson´s ratio
the tensile force has to be measured; shear tests, and also for tensile on fibre-reinforced composites
in special cases the reduction in tests on ring and strip-shaped according to ISO 527-1
width also has to be measured. In specimens made of materials with a • Resolution better than 0.01 µm
flexure tests, the measured quantity high elongation. at a test travel of ±4 mm
is the deflection. Different specimen • Choice of different measuring pins
shapes and dimensions, material However, for tests on dumbbell spe- for adaptation to the specimen
properties (strength, rigidity, cimens for the determination of the dimensions
extensibility etc.) and material tensile modulus and other extension-
characteristics to be determined, dependent characteristic values in a
measuring accuracies etc. require deformation range up to the yield
different extensometers. point, the standards require the
direct extension measurement.
Crosshead travel monitor (Remark: For the acquisition of
single-point-data in the framework
Each Zwick standard or allround ma- of ISO 10350-1, only strains up to
terials testing machine is equipped 50 % are relevant.)
with a standard digital crosshead
travel monitor. Its measuring signal Analogue clip-on
is primarily used to measure the extensometers
current value for the position and (clip-on, manual)
speed control of the drive system. It
is however also used for the indirect The resolution of these extensome-
extension measurement as for ex- ters that can be attached manually Analogue clip-on extensometer
ample for the determination of the or automatically (option) to the speci-
nominal strain in accordance to men, is extremely high, but the test
ISO 527 (determination of the tensile travel is relatively short. Therefore
properties of plastics). they are predominantly used for the
high-precision determination of
tensile modules and Poisson’s ratio
(ISO 527-1) on rigid and reinforced
plastics – measuring at the same
time the extension and the reduc-
tion in width.
Advantages of the extension

measurement: Analogue clip-on extensometer
• High-resolution measurement of
the tensile modulus according to
ISO 527-1 and ASTM D 638
• Resolution better than 0.02 µm at
a test travel of ±2 mm
• Optional counterbalancing
(compensation of the extenso-
meter weight)
• Used at ambient temperature or at
With the crosshead travel ST (indirect
extension measurement) not only the a temperature range from -70 °C
extension ∆L of the gauge length L0 is to +220 °C
measured, but also the deformation of
the testing machine and specimen
parts outside the gauge length.
Analogue reduction-in-width monitor
35
Digital clip-on extensometers • Suitable for tensile, compression Advantages:
and creep tests • Automatic setting of the gauge
These extensometers are manually • Attaches directly to the specimen length
attached to the specimens and have • Measurement up to specimen • Automatic attachment and
a high resolution and a relatively long break without removing the detaching of the sensor arms
test travel. Therefore, they can be extensometer • Low drag forces of the sensor
used for the precise determination of • Also available as reduction-in- arms
the tensile modulus and the yield width monitor and as biaxial • Deformation measurement up to
point according to ISO 527-1 and system specimen break without detaching
ASTM D 638 on rigid and semi-rigid the sensor arms (rotatable knife
plastics. When testing rigid plastics Macro extensometer edges)
showing a low extension, even the • Crosshead contact/collision
elongation at max. force and the elong- This digital extensometer is used for protection
ation at break may be determined. tensile, compression, flexure and • Exchangeable sensor arms for
cyclic tests on plastics, composites tensile, compression and flexure
Advantages: and rigid cellular plastics showing tests
• Measuring range until beyond the small to medium extensions. It is • Suitable for measurements in
yield point also useful for thin sheet, plastic temperature chambers
• High-resolution determination of films and flexible cellular plastics if • Suitable for the determination of
the modulus according to ISO optical measuring methods are not the modulus according to ISO
527-1 and ASTM D 638 required. 527-1 and ASTM D 638
Digital clip-on extensometer Bi-axial digital extensometer The Macro-extensometer covers all standard
requirements for a wide range of plastics
Digital clip-on extensometers

Usual variant Extended variant Reduction-in width Bi-axial extensometer
Measuring system Digital Digital Digital Digital
Measuring range
Tensile, mm 13.5 / 8.5 mm 40 / 35 mm - 40 / 35 mm
Compression, mm 0.2 / 5.2 mm 0.2 / 5.2 mm - 0.2 / 5.2 mm
Width, mm - - 1.5 / 11.5 1.5 / 11.5
Gauge length, mm 20/25/30/ 50/55/65/70/80* - 80
50*/80* 85*/100*/105
25.4/50.8 50.8
Specimen width, mm - - 10 / 20 10 / 20
Temperature range, °C 10 ... 35 10 ... 35 10 ... 35 10 ... 35
Resolution, µm 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Accuracy (ISO 9513) Class 0.5 Class 0.5 Class 0.5 Class 0.5
* with extension parts
36
multiXtens extensometer optiXtens extensometer videoXtens extensometer
Fully automatic, multifunctional Fully automatic high-resolution, Contact-free high-resolution

and high-resolution digital extension optical extensometer using the extensometer for tensile and
measurement system for tensile, Laser Speckle method. It is used for compression tests on all kinds of
compression, flexure and creep tests tensile, compression and creep plastics, rubber, composites, sheets
as well as for cyclic tests on materials tests as well as for cyclic tests on and plastic films. Resolution and
which have low to high extensions, non-transparent materials with low measuring range can be easily
e.g. all kinds of plastics, foams, thin to high extensions both at ambient adapted to the prevailing test
sheet and plastic films, composites, temperature and in connection with conditions by selecting suitable
rubber and elastomers which do not temperature chambers. easy-to-change objectives.
wrap around the sensor arms in case
of failure. Advantages: Advantages:
• Direct measuring optical system • Adaptable to various materials and
Advantages: which does not require measure- test conditions
• Easy-to-use technology ment marks • Optical, contact-free measuring
• Automatic gauge length setting • Easy-to-operate system for the testing of plastic
• Automatic attachment • No influence of drag forces films on dumbbell specimens
• Automatic centering between the • Secure and accurate deformation according to ISO 527-3
specimen grips measurement until specimen • Suitable for the determination
• Very low drag force break of the modulus according to
• Deformation measurement until • Particularly suitable for measure- ASTM D 638
specimen break without detaching ments in temperature chambers • Secure and accurate extension
the sensor arms • Suitable for the determination of measurement until specimen break.
• Crosshead crash protection the modulus according to ISO • Automatic gauge length recognition
• Exchangeable sensor arms for 527-1 and ASTM D 638, also in • Suitable for measurements in
tensile, compression and flexure temperature chambers temperature chambers through a
tests heated glass window.
• Suitable for measurements in
temperature chambers
• Suitable for the determination of
the modulus according to ISO
527-1 and ASTM D 638
The multiXtens-extensometer combines The optiXtens measures the extension The videoXtens is adapted to the test by
high-resolution and long-stroke without specimen marking selecting suitable field of view
measurement
37
Mechanical Optical long-travel Transducers for 3-point
long-travel extensometer extensometer flexure tests according to
ISO 178, ASTM D 790 and
It is designed for the measurement of Contact-free, digital extensometer ISO 14125
higher extensions on plastics, rubber for tensile tests on rubber, elasto-
and elastomers, cellular materials, mers, flexible cellular materials, thin With this simple and easy-to-use
plastic film and thin sheet with sheet and plastic film at ambient mechanical transducer, deflection
maximum forces greater than temperature and in temperature is directly measured below the
approx. 20 N. A rigid and non- chambers through a heatable specimen. The sensor arm is
sensitive system which is particularly window. attached manually or automatically
suitable for the testing of rubber and (option) to the specimen.
elastomer specimens showing a Advantages:
tendency to wrap around the sensor • Proven, easy-to-use measure-
arms after specimen break. ment system for high elongation
materials
Advantages: • Secure and accurate measure-
• Robust, digital and easy-to-use ment until specimen break
technology • Self-identifying sensor plug
• Particularly developed for tests • No influence of drag forces
on elastomers and rubber • Suitable for measurements in
• Measurement until specimen break temperature chambers through
without detaching the sensor arms a heated glass window.
(rotatable knife edges)
• Self-identifying sensor plug The 3-point flexure transducer has been
• Exchangeable sensor arms developed particularly for this test
• Suitable for measurements in
temperature chambers
The mechanical long-travel-extensometer is designed for The optical long-travel-extensometer allows a contact-free
measurements on rubber and plastics. measurement of the specimen marks attached on the specimen
38
Extensometer, technical data
Macro multiXtens optiXtens videoXtens1) Mechan. Optical Laser

long travel long travel
Measuring system Digital Digital2) Laser- Image Digital Digital Rotating

Speckle processing laser
Measuring range, mm min. 75 700 – L0 500 – L0 50...200 1000 – L0 1000 – L0 approx. 400
max. 160 (field of view)
Resolution, µm 0.12...0.6 0.02...0.04 0.1 1 5 5 12
Accuracy Class 1 Class 0.5/14) Class 0.5 Class 1 1% or 1% or Grade B
(ISO 9513) 0.01 mm3) 0.03 mm3) (ISO 5893)
Gauge length, mm 10 to >
_5 >
_10 >
_5 10...1000 10...900 >
_10 (tensile)
100/205 >
_20 (compr.)
Drag force, N <
_0.050 <
_0.015 none none <
_0.20 none none
Motorized sensor Optional yes yes - yes yes -
arm attach.
Autom. pre-set of L0 Optional yes yes - yes yes -
1) 2) 3) 4)
Data for 25 mm-lens, 2 measuring ranges, whatever is greater, dependent on the feelerarm length
Indications for the choice of extensometers and deformation transducers
Application Extensometer type

Incremental clip-on
Mech. long stroke

transducer (anal.)
Reduct.-in -width
Analogue clip-on
Opt. long stroke
travel monitor
extensometer
extensometer
extensometer
extensometer
extensometer
videoXtens1)
3-pt flexural
transducer
multiXtens
Crosshead
optiXtens
Laser-
Macro
Test results Standard

Poissons ratio ISO 527 • - - - • - - - - - - -
Tensile modulus ISO 527 - • • • • • - - - • - -
Compr. modulus ISO 604 - • • • • • - - - - • -
Flexural modulus ISO 178 - - - • • - - - - - • x
Tensile creep modulus ISO 899-1 - • • • • • - - - • - -

Flexural creep modulus ISO 899-2 - - - • • - - - - - • x
3,5% flexural strain ISO 178 - - - • • - - - - - • x
Deflection at break ISO 178 - - - • • - - - - - • x
Strain at yield point ISO 527 - - º • • • • • - • - -

ISO 37 - - - • • • • • • º - -
Stress at X% strain ISO 527 - - º • • • • • - • - -
ISO 37 - - - º • • • • • • - -
Strain at max. force. ISO 527 - - º º • • • • - • - -
ISO 37 - - - º • • • • • • - -
Strain at max. force, strips ISO 527-3 - - - º • • • • - • - •
Strain at break ISO 527 - - º º • • • • - • - -
ISO 37 - - - º • • • • • • - -
Strain at break, strips ISO 527-3 - - - º • • • • - • - •
Nominal strain ISO 527 - - - - - - - - - - - •
ISO 604 - - - - - - - - - - - •
1)
= The lenses of the video extensometer can not be changed while testing
º= Only useful if the strain does not exeed the range of the extensometer
x = Measurements using the crosshead displacement show lower results due to the system deformation and contact pressure on the specimen
•= Convenient system
39
Testing in Hot and Cold According to the longterm use of Temperature chambers
Conditions materials, especially in automotive
and aeronautic industries, it is very Zwick temperature chambers show
Many types of plastic and rubber important to know the behavior of the following characteristics:
materials significantly change their materials in different environmental • Aperture for extensometer sensor
mechanical properties depending conditions. arms on the rear left side (except
on the temperature. For some for chambers without cooling)
thermoplastic materials it is known • Digital temperature control unit
that the modulus value can change with display for actual value and
about 3 to 4 % for 1°K. set value.
• Illumination inside the chamber
• Front door with insulated window
• Removable segments for moving
the chamber back without
removing the grips
• Insulating and electrical design
meet the CE requirements for
safety
Available options
Several options are available

according to the specification of the
testing machine and the needs in
the laboratory.
• heatable optical glass insert when
using optical extensometers
• guiding rails or trolley to move the
chamber out of the test area
• temperature measurement and
control by testXpert® software via
RS 232 interface
• direct temperature measurement
and control on the specimen
• liquid nitrogen tank, 100 litres,
with pressure device, control
valve, filling level indicator and
security device.
Temperature chamber, optiXtens extensometer and pneumatic grips mounted in a material

testing machine Z005
40
Temperature chambers
Use with Table top and floor standing load frames Only for floor standing load frames
Height usual extended extended usual extended
Width usual usual usual extended extended
Dimensions (external / internal)
Height, mm 650 / 500 850 / 700 1050 / 900 800 / 650 1000 / 850
Width, mm 400 / 255 400 / 255 400 / 255 600 / 450 600 / 450
Depth, mm 840 / 360 840 / 360 840 / 360 1044 / 542 1044 / 542
Power supply 230 V / 3 kVA 230 V / 3 kVA 230 V / 3 kVA 400 V / 4 kVA 400 V / 4 kVA
Type of cooling Temp. °C 2) Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
No cooling amb. /+250 B091260 1) B091265 1) - - -
CO2 -60 /+250 W91251 W91256 - W91117 W91118
N2 -80 /+250 W91250 W91255 W91270 W91122 W91123
1)
Without opening for mechanical or optical extensometers, without removal sliders
2)
Zwick supplies further temperature-ranges on request
Temperature chambers are usually mounted Segments for removing the chamber without The controller and the opening for extenso-
on guide rails removing the grips meters on the rear left side
Refrigeration by liquid For standard applications the

nitrogen (LN2) or carbon consumption values are as follows:
dioxide (CO2)
This type of cooling is advantageous Temperature –20 °C –80 °C

if required from time to time only. LN2, l/h appr. 10 appr. 20
The cooling effect is generated by CO2, kg/h appr. 20 appr. 40
vaporizing the liquid nitrogen or
carbon dioxide. Even if these gases The consumption costs for CO2
are non-toxic, a sufficient ventilation are usually higher than for LN2.
of the test laboratory is absolutely
neccessary. The optional 100 litres LN2 tank is
sufficient for several hours of tests.
The consumption depends on the
size of the chamber and its capacity. Nitrogen connector: 3/8" Whitworth
Optical extension measurement in a

temperature chamber
41
Automatic Specimen • more test capacity as the systems
Feeding can run “ghost-shifts” during the
night and weekends
Automatic specimen feeding systems • one-task handling systems are very
are mainly used for the efficient test- simple to operate by different users
ing of very large series, especially in • good/bad sorting of broken
research centers where statistically specimen
safe results are needed. • magazine filling is possible while
the system is running
Specimen feeding systems are avail- • manually controlled tests are also
able in different task-specific designs possible
for plastic and rubber testing. (see • simply adapted and expanded to
table below) specific requirements
• short pay back time
They are designed for executing
different test-types alternatively, i.e. “roboTest B”
tensile and flexural, as well as
testing alternatively different This compact system allows testing
materials, i.e. thermoplastics and of smaller batches in a fully auto-
cellular materials. matic mode. In addition, the testing
machine can easily be operated in
Benefits of automatic testing manual mode if required.
• user-independent test results This robotic testers can perform

• improved reproducibility flexural as well as tensile tests.
The “roboTest B“ tester can switch from
tensile to flexural tests.
Specimen feeding systems
System roboTest A B F L L(Ring) P R I

N° of storage places, standard 5 to 20 5 to 20 100 to 200 150 to 450 50 / 300 100 to 400 up to 200 up to 25
Test Tensile • • • • • • • -
Compression - - - - - • • -
Flexural - • - • - • • -
Tear - - • - - • • -
Creep • • - • - • • -
Charpy/Izod - - - - - - • •
Multiaxial impact - - - - - - • -
Hardness - - - • - - • -
Material Plastic film, sheetings - - • - - - - -
Flexible materials - - • - - - • -
Rigid and semi-rigid plastics • • • • - • • •
Composites • • • • - • • •
Foam - - - - - • • -
Rings (Rubber) - - - - • - - -
Specimen dimensions, mm
Shoulder or strip width 6 to 25 6 to 25 10 to 50 6 to 25 - all all max. 10
Thickness max. 15 max. 15 max. 5 max. 15 4 to 6 all max. 10 max. 10
Over-all length max.260 max.260 max. 350 max. 260 - max. 350 max. 350 max. 55
Options
Thickness measurement - - - • • • • •
Cross-section measurement - - - • - • • -
Barcode identification • • • • - • • •
Temperature chamber - - - - - - • •
42
“roboTest A” “roboTest L” The fully functional unit comprises
options for a barcode reader, speci-
men magazine, multi-axis handling
system, and automatic cross
section or width measurement.
A variant of the “roboTest L”is

designed for testing ring-type
rubber specimens. A thickness
measurement station measuring at
three positions is then included.
“roboTest A” - up to 20 specimens can be Variant of “roboTest L” for testing of ring-type “roboTest P”

loaded into the magazine. rubber specimen
This system is used when larger
The “roboTest L” tester uses pneu- specimens, for example compres-
The “roboTest A” system inserts the matic or pincer grips for testing sion specimens of cellular plastics
tensile test specimen into the materials such as thermosets and need to be tested in addition. This
testing machine and means that the thermoplastic materials, composites, product covers the range of the
operator effort is minimized and the rubbers, elastomers and cellular “roboTest L” but includes more
statistical scatter of test results is materials. It has been designed for storage space for specimens and
greatly reduced. tests on tensile, flexural and angle additional options such as an
tear specimens. instrumented ball indentation
“roboTest F” hardness tester.
“roboTest F” is perfect for testing flexible

specimens, i.e. plastic film.
The “roboTest F” is a two-axis

system with a rotating clip carrier for
holding the specimens. The clips
are positioned outside the gauge
length to avoid damage to the “roboTest L“ for tensile and flexural tests: High storage capacity for testpieces to run the
specimen. system overnight or at the weekend.
In many cases the broken specimen

can be returned to the magazine
after testing.
43
“roboTest R” “roboTest I”
For pendulum impact tests, pre-

testing conditions such as specimen
temperature as well as automated
feeding of the specimen in to the
impact tester can easily be carried
out with the “robotest I”.
Tests according to the Charpy

method can be performed, and
depending of the type of cooling,
temperatures down to -60°C or
even -180°C can be achieved.
Additional applications
Zwick supplies a vast range of robotic

equipment for materials testing:
• Izod and Charpy including
temperature devices
• Hardness testers
• Notching of Charpy and Izod
“roboTest R”: The illustrated system integrates tensile, flexural, and Izod testing. specimens
• Component testing
This product is based on an

industrial robot with high flexibility
and positioning accuracy.
It is currently used for more complex

processes such as testing in above
or below ambient conditions using a
temperature chamber.
The “roboTest R” can integrate

several tests into one sequence. For
example running tensile, flexural,
hardness and impact tests in
parallel within the same system.
“roboTest I”: Charpy impact testing with a large temperature range.
44
Servohydraulic Load Frames • Type HC
Testing Machines These tabletop test machines
• Type HA are designed to be of a light-
Field of Application The actuator is semi-integrated weight construction, with very
into the lower crosshead. Hydrau- high frame stiffness. The actuator
Servohydraulic testing machines are lic adjustment and clamping of the is mounted in the upper cross-
used extensively for universal upper crosshead are available on head resulting in a versatile frame,
dynamic testing, and materials all models. which can be tailored to customer
testing applications requiring very requirements. Hydraulic upper
accurate measurement and control. • Type HB crosshead adjustment is optional.
The actuator is mounted in the The optional T-slotted table allows
Typical applications upper crosshead. The HB design easy mounting of components.
proves a flexible test space for
• Dynamic analysis and characte- optimal specimen mounting Measurement and control
risation of rubber mountings, possibilities. Hydraulic adjustment
airsprings and elastomer dampers and clamping of the upper Unrivalled performance is offered
• Characterisation of plastics, crosshead are available on all using the HydroWin 96xx controller
fibre reinforced and composite models. series
materials
• Durability testing of synthetic • 10 kHz closed loop control and
materials and components data acquisition
• Dynamic peel and separation • 19 bit A/D conversion with real
tests on bonded materials and time linearisation
adhesive tapes • Real-time derive channels
MIMICS advanced adaptive
Unique Features control for non-linear test
applications
Zwick universal servohydraulic • Environmental control
testing machines combine structural • Multi-channel control
rigidity with precise alignment to • Adaptive controller for non-linear
guarantee test data of the highest applications
possible integrity. • 32 bit function generator
All load frames boast smooth hard Servo-hydraulic testing machine

chromium plated columns, friction Amsler HC 5 for testing rubber mountings
clamped by one-piece cross heads
producing a structural platform of
exceptional stiffness and rigidity with
infinite fatigue life at rated capacity. Servo-hydraulic testing machines
standard designs1)
The testing machines are equipped
with high performance fatigue rated Model2) HC HB HA
servo-hydraulic actuators, available • Construction form table top floor standing floor standing
with hydrostatic bearings or polymer • Nominal force, kN 5 – 25 50 – 1000 50 – 500
based plain bearings. Displacement • Testing stroke, mm 100 100 / 250 / 400 100 / 250
transducers are mounted concentri- • Specimen length, mm 100 – 700 100 – 1100 250 – 1500
cally inside the actuator body. Ma- • Hydraulic power pack
chines are matched with hydraulic * System pressure, bar 210 / 280 210 / 280 210 / 280
power units and servovalves to * Throughput, l/min 5 – 23 8 – 270 8 – 270
ensure application specific perfor- • Max. power consumption, kVA 4.2 – 11 6.6 – 230 6.6 – 230
mance and efficiency. 1)
Load frames can be supplied for higher forces, different dimensions and testing strokes
2)
Piston located below (HA) or above (HB, HC) the working area
45
High Speed Testing High-Speed Testing Machines Standard models*
Machines
Model Amsler HTM
High-speed testing machines are 2512 2520 5012 5020
used especially for high-rate puncture • Rated force, kN 25 25 50 50
impact and other materials tests • Speed, m/s 12 20 12 20
requiring high testing speeds. * Other sizes and speeds available upon request.
Examples of applications:
• Instrumented multiaxial impact • Fixed lower crosshead to be used Testing in hot and cold
tests according to ISO 6603-2 as a clamping table conditions
and ASTM D 3763 • Loading unit in shock absorbing
• Determination of tensile properties construction to reduce vibration or High speed testing machines can
at high strain rates, ISO/DIS 18872 shock transmission to the floor be used in a large temperature
• Instrumented impact tests on semi- • Double operation cylinder for range. (see chapter Temperature
finished products and components tensile of compression loading chambers)
• Piston without sealing rings
Characteristic features: • Double-sided hydraulic end-
• Design as two or four column position damping of the piston
single test area load frame • Optional kit for transforming the
• Hydraulic or mechanical clamping high-speed testing machine into a
and adjustment of the upper servo hydraulic-dynamic testing
crosshead machine for cyclic or monotonic
• Built-in working cylinder quasi-static tests.
testXpert® shows all relevant data of an instrumented puncture impact test High-speed testing machine equipped for
multiaxial impact tests
46
Falling weight testers Instrumented multiaxial Technical Data:
impact test
Falling weight testers are used to Maximum Energy 230 J
determine the dynamic behavior of Drop height: 0.1 to 1 m
materials within a limited speed Falling weight 23 kg
range from about 3 m/s. The
following tests can be performed Load signal
with the instrumented Falling weight resolution 16bit
tester HIT230F:
Elect. connection 85 to 132 VAC
• Multiaxial impact tests according 170 to 264 VAC
to ISO 6603-2, ISO 7765-2, and Power 500 W
ASTM D 3763 at ambient and
non-ambient conditions.
The drop height of 1 m allows Specimens are pneumatically clamped for the
impact speeds of up to 4.43 m/s. multiaxial impact tests.
The plate-type specimens to be tested

are held with a pneumatic clamping
device and then impacted by an
instrumented tup of standardized
diameter with hemispherical tup insert.
Depending on the standard, different

tups and clamping rings are available.
During the test the load-time signal
is measured. The force-travel signal
as well as the energy consumed
during impact can be calculated
from this data by the software. The
potential energy of the falling weight
tester must be at least 2.78 times
larger than the consumed energy to
ensure that the speed-drop during
impact remains less than 20% as
required by most standards.
High resolution and natural frequency Test specimen can be cooled in a cooling The instrumented Falling weight tester HIT
provide outstanding force signal quality. box and then tested within 4 to 5 seconds 230 F is fast and simple to operate.
due to the good accessibility.
47
Pendulum Impact Testers
HIT pendulum impact testers are
powerful instruments, designed to
meet the exact specifications of
international standards in every
respect. These instruments are the
ultimate in reliability for both
research and quality control.
ISO 13802 compliant

The base of the tester is made of
vibration damping cast iron. It is fully
compliant to the Standards
regarding the frame-pendulum mass
ratio. Three heavy duty levelling feet
ensure solid installation as well as
levelling capability.
Pendulum Recognition Universal Pendulum Impact Tester HIT 50 P with CE-conforming safety housing and motorized
Each installed pendulum is automati- pendulum lift.
cally recognized by the electronics
to ensure that the correct pendulum
is used for each test. Changing test method setup for each type of test, it also
The vices for the different methods guarantees a perfect connection
Ergonomic design are securely guided and clamped between the support and the frame
All important operating elements with dovetail grooves. Whilst of the impact tester.
such as keyboard, brake, release enabling the tester to be quickly
lever and display are all within easy
reach of the operator.
Pendulum change
without tools
Each pendulum is equipped with a
quick change unit. Changing of
pendulums can be carried out
quickly without special tools.
Pendulum Impact Tester HIT5P for testing The universal Pendulum Impact Tester HIT5.5P can perform Charpy, Izod, Tensile Impact and
according to ISO standards. Dynstat impact tests according to ISO, ASTM and DIN standards.
48
Standard requirements HIT 5 P HIT 5.5 P HIT 25 P HIT 50 P
Velocity at
Pendulum
Stand Alone
Stand Alone
Stand Alone
Stand Alone
Standard
impact
energy
Method
PC
PC
PC
PC
J ft lbf m/s
0.5 0.37 • • • • • • • •
1 0.74 • • • • • • • •
2 1.48 2.9 m/s • • • • • • • •
ISO 179 4 2.95 (±10%) • • • • • • • •
5 3.69 • • • • • • • •
Charpy test 7.5 5.53 - - - - • • • •
Charpy
15 11.1 3.8 m/s - - - - • • • •

25 18.4 (±10%) - - - - • • • •
50 36.9 - - - - - - • •
0.5 0.37 approx. - - • • • • • •
ASTM D 6110
1 0.74 3.46 m/s - - • • • • • •

2.7 2 - - • • • • • •
5.4 4 - - • • • • • •
10.8 8 (Height of fall: - - - - • • • •
21.6 16 610±2 mm) - - - - • • • •
1.0 0.74 - - • • • • • •
cantilever beam impact“
Izod and „Unnotched
2.75 2.03 3.5 m/s - - • • • • • •

ISO 180
5.5 4.06 (±10%) - - • • • • • •

Izod test 11 8.11 - - - - • • • •
22 16.2 - - - - • • • •
1.0 0.74 approx. - - • • • • • •
ASTM D 256 /
2.75 2.03 3.46 m/s - - • • • • • •

D 4812
5.5 4.06 - - • • • • • •
11 8.11 (Height of fall: - - - - • • • •
22 16.2 610±2 mm) - - - - • • • •
2,0 1.48 2.9 m/s • • • • • • • •
Tensile impact
4.0 2.95 (±10%) • • • • • • • •

ISO 8256 –
method A
7.5 5.53 - - - - • • • •
15.0 11.1 3.8 m/s - - - - • • • •
25.0 18.4 (±10%) - - - - • • • •
50.0 36.9 - - - - - - • •
Tensile-impact test ISO method A
„tensile-in-head“ method
2.0 1.48 2.9 m/s - - • • • • • •

4.0 2.95 (±10%) - - • • • • • •
ISO 8256 –
method B
Tensile impact –
7.5 5.53 - - - - • • • •
15.0 11.1 3.8 m/s - - - - • • • •
25.0 18.4 (±10%) - - - - • • • •
50.0 36.9 - - - - - - • •
ASTM D 1822
2.7 2 approx. - - • • • • • •
5.4 4 3.46 m/s - - • • • • • •
10.8 8 (Height of fall: - - - - • • • •
21.6 16 610±2 mm) - - - - • • • •
0.2 0.15 - - - - - - - -
Dynstat
DIN 53435
0.5 0.37 2.2±0.1 m/s - - • • • • • •

1.0 0.74 - - • • • • • •
2.0 1.48 - - • • • • • •
Dynstat test 4.0 2.96 - - • • • • • •
49
Virtually vibration free Powerful PC-Software To reduce temperature variations
A new innovation features twin carbon testXpert® II (Option) during a test sequence, specially
rods of carbon for the pendulum. This By connecting the Pendulum designed and insulated specimen
provides high stiffness in the direction of Impact Tester to a PC via a USB magazines allow a series of speci-
impact and concentrates the pendulum interface, and using testXpert® II mens to be brought close to the
mass at the impact point. Compared to software, the highest level of impact tester. This magazine is then
traditional single-rod, metal pendulums comfortable operation, reporting, placed on a specimen dispenser that
and compound-type pendulums, the and data administration become allows to the operator to take the
energy loss due to resonant oscillations possible. A separate RS232 specimens out one-by-one and to
at impact is considerably reduced. interface is available to connect place them into, or on, the supports
directly to existing LIMS systems. for testing. Testing can be carried
out within approx. 3 seconds after
Conventional pendulum
Low-wear disc brake (Option) removing them from the magazine.
The optional disc brake allows the
pendulum to be stopped smoothly. An optional digital thermometer is
available to monitor the temperature
Carbon twin-rod pendulum Instrumentation (Option) within the magazine.
For determination of the force-
displacement-time behavior, load For testing very high specimen
sensors and a high-speed measure- throughput, we recommend our
ment system are used. This allows range of roboTest solutions.
comfortable yet detailed fracture
The twin carbon rod pendulum minimizes mechanics analysis in the R&D
energy losses. environment, or routine and auto-
matic recognition of brittle-ductile
Precise specimen supports transitions when using the system
The specimen supports are precision- for quality assurance.
ground components ensuring that
every radius and relief groove Testing at low temperatures
conforms exactly to the standards. (Option)
The easiest way to perform tests at
Accreditation for low temperatures is by cooling the Specimen dispenser and magazine for low
“authoritative” tests specimen in a normal cooling box. temperature testing.
A HIT Pendulum Impact tester has
been verified as an example in all
details by the German MPA-NRW in
order to prove its ability to obtain
the accreditation for authoritative
tests. In Germany this is the highest
level that any instrument can obtain.
The HIT5.5P Pendulum Impact Tester has been

accredited for “authoritative” tests by the Instrumentation allows the acquisition of the force-time and travel information.
German Materials Testing Institute MPA-NRW.
50
21.6 Joule
Pendulum size: 10.8 Joule
Used signs:
ASTM recommended
5.4 Joule
ASTM permitted
2.7 Joule
1.0 Joule
Specimen: 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 20 50 Joule
0.0037 0.074 0.15 0.37 0.74 1.48 3.70 7.4 14.8 37 ft lbf
1. Izod notched, Specimen 3.17 x 12.7 mm (1/8 x 1/ 2 in) – ASTM D 256

1.55 3.1 6.2 15.5 31 62 155 310 621 1552 kJ/m2
0.296 0.59 1.20 3.0 5.9 11.8 29.6 59 118 296 ft lbf / in
Material kJ/m2
ABS 14 - 35
EP 2.2 - 2.7
MF 1.3 - 2
MPF 1.3 - 3
PA66 5.5 - 75
PA66-GF50 17 - 21
PA6 7 - 110
PA6-GF50 13 - 23
PBT 6 - 27
PC 5 - 90
PE-GF 18 - 27
PET 2 - 13
PET-GF 4 - 14
PMMA 2 - 5.5
PP 3 - 40
PP-GF 12 - 21
PS 3-9
PTFE 80
Indicated values for Izod impact resilience according to ASTM standard are only valid for specimen cross-sections 1/8“ x 1/2“ (3.17 x 12.7 mm).
15 Joule
Pendulum size: 7.5 Joule Used signs:
5 Joule ISO recommended
4 Joule ISO permitted
2 Joule
1 Joule 50 Joule
0.5 Joule 25 Joule
Specimen: 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 20 50 Joule
2. Charpy unnotched, Specimen 4 x 10 mm, (1eU), ISO 179-1

1.25 2.5 5 12.5 25 50 125 250 500 1250 kJ/m2
Material kJ/m2
ABS 20 - 80
EP 4-9
MF 7-9
MPF 7-9
PA66 150
PA66-GF20 50 - 95
PA6-GF 90 - 100
PBT 25 - 300
PC 70 - 310
PE not specified
PET 25 - 70
PET-GF 30 - 60
PMMA 16 - 80
POM 150 - 320
PP 50 - 120
PS 8 - 160
Indicated values for Charpy impact resilience are only valid for unnotched specimen, 10 x 4 mm.
51
Extrusion plastometers
Melt flow plastometers deliver stan-

dard values of melt mass-flow rate
(MFR) and melt volume-flow rate
(MVR) of thermoplastic materials
under specified conditions of tem-
perature and load.
The standards ISO 1133 and

ASTM D 1238 describe these tests
for many different materials, whilst
ASTM D 3364 defines a specific
method for testing PVC.
The new draft standard ISO/CD 1133-2

prepares the description of a method
for time-history dependent and
moisture sensitive materials, such
as PA, PET and PBT that requires
specific pre-conditioning of the
samples and higher technical Modular plastometer Mflow for comfortable MFR and MVR measurements. Here shown with
demands on the plastometers. optional separation shield, piston travel transducer, automatic weight release system and PC
software control.
Method A:
Cutting of extrudates with constant Modular Plastometer Mflow
time intervals, followed by weighing
with an analytical scale. The result is In the basic version, this plastometer
the MFR value presented in g/10min. is equipped for MFR measurements
according to method A. By adding
Method B: options such as a piston travel
Measurement of piston travel and transducer, the instrument is able to
time during the test. The result is the measure MVR as well. It then uses the
volume extruded through the stan- unique “Adaptive Parameter Control
dard die per unit of time, presented (APC)” function which enables auto Precise temperature control developed for
as the MVR value in cm³/10 min. programming of the test procedure the testing of PA, PBT and PET.
for all flow rates. This relieves the
Method C (according to ASTM): operator from estimating the flow rate
Measurements with a “half-size die”. in order to find the best fitting para-
The method is used for polyolefins meters. The plastometer can auto-
showing high flow rates. The matically find the best fitting parameters
procedure is identical to method B. and apply them to each test.
Method D (according to ASTM): Advantages:

Measurement as for method B, but • Very high temperature accuracy
under different loads within one • Adaptive Parameter Control (APC)
barrel filling. A specific automatic • Modular and extendable design From the first test “Adaptive Parameter
load-change unit is needed, see • Stand-alone operation capabilities Control”, (APC) enables each test to be
performed with optimum parameters in real
4106.200. • Comfortable PC control using time.
testXpert® II software
MFR and MVR values can be con- • Automatic air bubble recognition
verted using a known melt density. and exclusion
• Large range of accessories
52
Compact Plastometer,
Cflow
The Cflow plastometers are

exclusively designed for MFR
determination according to method
A. The instrument is equipped with
a precise temperature control,
simplified purging function via the
die release system, manual or
Die release system motorized filament cutting option,
and an optional nozzle plug for
testing very fluid melts.
All standardized weights up to 21.6

kg are available fort he Cflow model.
For frequent tests with weights
larger than 5 kg we recommend the
use of the Mflow model including
Cflow: Simple to use plastometer for the Filament cutter with nozzle plug the automatic weight lift option.
determination of the MFR value (Analytical
balance required)
Zwick 4106 – the melt flow

plastometer complying with
methods A, B, C and D
The plastometer 4106 covers the

complete application range defined
throughout the standards.
The instrument is equipped with an

automatic weight change unit,
specifically developed for QA/QC. In
multi-stage tests, the weights can
be freely changed from high to low
or vice versa. Measuring time and
travel can be individually
programmed for each load step.
Advantages:
• Automatic weight release
• Automatic weight change
• Integrated piston travel transducer
• High temperature accuracy
• Stand-alone operation capability
• Comfortable PC control by using
testXpert® software
• Good accessibility for cleaning
• Automatic results calculation
• Pre-programmable switch-on time.
Extrusion plastometer Zwick 4106.200 with automatic weight change unit. Upper right: the
basic version with manual weights.
53
Heat distortion tempera- HDT/Vicat Standard series • Manual or solenoid valve controlled
ture under load and Vicat water-cooling according to model.
softening temperature, HDT/Vicat Standard instruments • Connection for external chillers
HDT and VST have been designed especially for
incoming goods inspection, quality PC-controlled test sequence
Heat Deflection Temperature assurance, and for education and
(HDT) training purposes. Versions with up As soon as the heat transfer liquid
of thermoplastics, hard rubber, fibre to 6 measurement stations are has reached the starting
reinforced and filled hardening available. Programming of the test temperature, the specimens are
plastics, according to ISO 75 parts sequences and setup of test results placed in the measurement stations
1 to 3 and ASTM D 648 Method B presentation are comfortably and are manually lowered into the
performed when using a connected bath. The next step is to manually
Vicat Softening Temperature PC and testXpert® II (Option). position the weights as indicated in
(VST) the standard and to start the test
of thermoplastics, according to Functions, elements and sequence on the PC.
ISO 306 and ASTM D 1525 interfaces
The travel transducers are zeroed
Creep test characteristics • Test temperatures up to 250°C or after an indicated creep time under
under flexural loading 300°C according to model load. Then the heating is started
• Built-in microprocessor-controller with a preset and controlled heating
for temperature control rate.
• Easy-to-read display
• Safety thermostat As soon as the test is over, the
• Electronic bath level monitoring heating will be switched off. Cooling
with instruments up to 300 °C of the heat transfer liquid will then
• Test control and data acquisition be automatically switched on by the
via PC with testXpert® II (2 PC-software or manually by the
RS232-Interfaces required in PC) operator.
• Integrated compensation in PC
mode for the thermal expansion of
the measurement stations
• Manual immersion of the testing
stations
• Manual placing of test weights
Upper: Vicat softening temperature, VST,
Lower: HDT, heat deflection temperature.
Standard model HDT/Vicat 3-250 S: Measurements up to 250°C, 1 The instrument HDT/Vicat 6-300 S is equipped with a solenoid valve for
to 3 measurement stations, with PC connection. enhanced control of cooling. It can be equipped with 1 to 6
measurement stations.
54
Technical data Vicat-Standard Vicat-Allround Vicat-Dry transfer method that is used by this
Accuracy at 250 °C ± 0.5 °C ± 0.5 °C ± 0.5 °C instrument. Round robin tests have
Spatial distribution ± 0.1 °C ± 0.2 °C ± 0.2 °C
shown that, for several materials,
Resolution 0.1 °C 0.1 °C 0.1 °C
Heating rates 50 to120 K/h (all)
the results obtained are statistically
Accuracy, displacement ± 0.01 mm ± 0.01 mm ± 0.01 mm identical to results obtained with the
Voltage 230 to 240 V 230 V 230 V liquid heat transfer method working
Frequency 50 to 60 Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz with an oil bath.
Power 2000 W 3000 W 3000 W
No more annoying oil fumes!

HDT/Vicat Allround • Manual placement of weights Vicat-Dry instruments are very com-
• Safety thermostat fortable to operate. They are often
The Allround series instruments are • Electronic bath level monitoring used in R&D environments, but also
equipped with a motor driven lift for • Test control and data acquisition in incoming goods inspection and
the measurement stations. This via PC with testXpert® II quality control. The oil-free measure-
permits the stations to be immersed • Integrated compensation for the ment principle ensures clean opera-
into the liquid using an automatic thermal expansion of the tion without odours. The whole test
sequence and to lift them again measurement stations sequence runs in automatic mode.
after the liquid has been cooled All parameters can comfortably be
back to ambient temperature. Vicat-Dry set in testXpert® II.
Furthermore, all instruments are ISO 306 (Vicat Softening Tempera- Specimen dimensions max:
equipped with an automatically con- ture) describes the contact heat 10 by 6.5 by 10 mm
trolled cooling unit. Depending on the
model this can be a simple cooling
hose or an oil-water heat exchanger
for fast and powerful cooling.
Functions, elements and

interfaces
• Integrated PLC controller for tem-

perature control and data acquisition
• Cooling sequence controlled by
solenoid-valve The HDT/Vicat 3-300 A is equipped with an The Allround model HDT/Vicat 6-300 A is fitted
• Motor driven immersion of the integrated water-oil heat exchanger for fast with a motorised station lift that allows the
cooling of the heat transfer liquid. whole test to be run automatically.
measurement stations.
The Vicat 6-300 D works according to the contact heat transfer The HDT/Vicat 6-300 A is equipped with up to 6 stations. The whole
method without oil. The test is performed in a metal heating block test sequence can run in PC-controlled automatic mode.
equipped with 6 measurement stations.
55
Rebound Resilience Tes- Pendulum acc. to ISO 4662, Pendulum acc. to DIN 13014
ter Zwick 5109 ASTM D 1054 and DIN 53512 Impact energy 0.196 J
Impact energy: 0.5 J Pendulum mass 101g
The device also known as “Schob Pendulum mass: 252 g Shape of impact fin: hemisphere
Pendulum” is perfectly suitable for Shape of impact fin: hemisphere Diameter: 30 mm
investigating the rebound resilience Diameter: 15 mm Application: mattresses
on rubber, elastomers and flexible Application: rubber,
cellular materials in accordance to elastomers Options
the following standards: Electrically heatable specimen
fixtures (Ambient to 100 ºC)
• ISO 4662, DIN 53512,
ASTM D 1054 method B:
Rebound resilience of rubber and
elastomers
• DIN 13014, DIN 53573: Rebound

resilience of flexible cellular
materials
Specimen shapes
Rubber and elastomers are tested in

form of circular or square plates
from 28 to 50 mm. The specimen
thickness should not exceed
15 mm. Flexible cellular materials
are tested by taking square
specimens 80 x 80 mm with a Rebound resilience tester Zwick 5109 with digital display
thickness of 50 mm.
Technical Data
Order no.: Zwick 5109
Pendulum length: 200.4 mm
Release angle: 90°
Impact velocity: 1.98 m/s
Electr. connection: 100...240 V
50...60 Hz
Pendulums for different types of tests
56
Abrasion tester
The abrasion tester conforms with
the standard ISO 4649. It is used to
evaluate the resistance of rubbers
and elastomers to frictional wear.
The method compares the wear of

an unknown test piece to that of a
known material.
A sheet of abrasive paper is at-

tached on the drum. The specimen
is placed into a specimen holder,
which enables the sample to move
laterally and to rotate during the
test. The necessary load is applied Abrasion tester Zwick 6103
by a dead weight to the test-piece.
The result is given by weighing the Ball-type rebound
test piece before and after the test. resilience tester
Technical data This microcomputer controlled instru-
Sample diameter: 16 mm ment is designed for the determi-
Sample height: 6 ... 16 mm nation of the rebound resilience of
Loading forces: 2.5/5/7.5/10 N/ soft foam materials according to ISO
12.5/15N 8307 and ASTM D 3574.
Lateral movement: 4.2mm/revolut.
Sample rotation: 0.9 rpm A steel ball with a diameter of 16 mm
Abrasion path: 40 m is precisely released by a magnet
Abrasion speed: 19.2 m/min and drops from a height of 500 mm
Drum diameter: 150 mm on the surface of the test-piece. By
Drum length: 460 mm means of a triple beam light barrier
the rebound height of the ball is
Accessories and options then measured.
• Abrasive sheet
• Sheet of rubber comparison Technical data:
sample (for approx. 100 samples) Drop height 500 mm
• Circular cutting tool for use with a Ball release by magnet
drilling machine Tube, inside diam. 40 mm
• Additional weights for loading Measurement light barrier
forces 12.5 / 15 / 17.5 and 20 N Statistics Median and
• Drum cleaning unit single values
• Precision balance (see chapter: PC connection RS 232
dimension measurement) Electrical connect. 115V/60 Hz and
230V/50…60 Hz
Ball-type rebound resilience tester for soft

foam materials
57
Hardness testers and
hardness testing
machines
In general, hardness is defined as
the resistance of a material against
the penetration of a specified
indentor. Since hardness is not Analog Shore A and D hardness tester:
directly measurable, it is determined Hand-held devices
from other measurement variables
such as penetration depth or
penetration force. The determination
of reproducible and comparable
measurement values requires
defined conditions, e.g. the shape
and dimensions of the indentor and
the force acting on it. The different
conditions and requirements for
practical application resulted in
different hardness test methods.
Application ranges
Method Hardness
Barcol, EN 59 0 - 100
ASTM D 2583
Shore A 10 - 90
ISO 868 Analog Shore A hardness tester with test Digital Shore hardness tester with integrated
IRHD smooth 10 -40 stand electronic unit, installed in a test stand
ISO 48
IRHD normal 40 -98
ISO 48
Shore D 30 - 90
ISO 868
Ball indentation hardness 8,6 - 467
ISO 2039
Test stand for Shore
durometers
Shore A and Shore D The manual hardness testers can be

durometers Analog Shore A hardness tester with control mounted into a test stand
unit (additional device) to improve the
These hardness testers, using a repeatability of the test method by
spring-loaded indentor of two eliminating operator influences.
different shapes according to the
definition of Shore A and Shore D, Shore A hardness testers are used Attachable prisms for
are available with analog display, for non-rigid to semi-rigid plastics measurements on printing
optionally also with drag pointer and for rubbers and elastomers of a rollers
indicating the maximum hardness minimum thickness of 6 mm.
value, as well as digital display and Plastics showing greater hardness An attachable prism facilitates the
microprocessor for the data storage, values shall be tested with the measurement on drums and
statistical evaluation, printout and Shore D hardness tester or other printing rollers.
data transfer to a PC. convenient methods.
58
Control unit IRHD Micro Compact Digital IRHD/Shore
Hardness Tester Zwick hardness tester Zwick 3105
In accordance to the standards, 3103 digi test
the spring characteristics and
the display are to be controlled This hardness tester is preferably This device is a microprocessor-
at regular intervals. used for O-rings, sealings, ma- controlled hardness tester. It can be
chined parts and flexible tubes of equipped with different measuring
A simple control is obtained by rubber, elastomers and plastics with devices and indentors thus covering
using calibrated rings to verify a thickness from 0.5 to 5 mm. Thus, the following hardness scales
the displayed value at a defined the hardness is determined as
penetration depth. penetration at a defined force acting • IRHD-M (micro)
on the ball indentor (0.40 mm dia- • IRHD-N (normal)
For the control of the spring meter). • IRHD-H (hard)
characteristics, a control unit is • IHRD-L (soft)
used. Standards: • IHRD-ss (supersoft)
• ISO 48 • Shore A and Shore C
Further scales according • DIN 53512-2 • Shore B and Shore D:
to Shore • ASTM D 1415 • Shore D0 /0 / 00:
Hardness testers according • NF T 46003 • Shore 000
to ASTM D 2240 • BS 903 part A26
Standards:
• with analogue display Device configuration: • DIN 5305
for Shore B, Shore C, Shore 0 and • Test stand with integrated • DIN 53519 page 1 and 2
Shore 00 electronics and LCD display • ISO 868
• with digital display • Vertically adjustable support table • ASTM D 2240
for Shore B, Shore C, Shore 0, • Measuring device IHRD micro • ASTM D 1415
Shore 00 and Shore D0. • Quick adjustment for series tests • NF T 51123
• NF T 46003
Options: • BS903 part A26
• Control unit
• Quick centering device for O-rings Options:
• Centering device for rubber hoses • Control unit
• Magnifying glass • Quick centering device for O-rings
• Manufacturer’s test certificate • Centering device for rubber hoses
according to DIN 53519-2 • Magnifying glass with swivel arm
• Precision balances for different
measuring ranges
IRHD Micro Compact hardness tester 3103 IHRD/Shore hardness tester 3105 digi test
59
Hardness tester 3108 acc. Barcol hardness tester Ball indentation
to Pusey & Jones Zwick 3350 Hardness tester Zwick
3106
With this device standardized The Barcol method is described in
according to ASTM D 531, the the standards EN 59 and ASTM D This method according to ISO 2039-1
penetration depth of rubber and 2583. It is used for the testing of is used for the testing of rigid
similar materials (e.g. rubber rollers, harder plastics (e.g. glass fibre plastics and ebonite. The range of
standardized blocks) with reinforced plastics, thermosetting application starts at approximately
thicknesses from 13 mm are materials, hard thermoplastics). 60 Shore D. The ball indentation
measured. hardness may provide values for
Indentor: Truncated cone with a research, development, quality
Indentor: Ball, diameter 3.175 mm cone angle of 26º and a truncated control and acceptance or rejection
Loading weight: 1,000 ± 1 g cone surface diameter of 0.157 mm. according to specification.
Reading unit penetration depth: Test travel max. 0.76 mm.
0.001 mm The device is supplied with an With this method, a ball with a
electronic unit for the display and diameter of 5 ± 0.02 mm is forced
storage of the test data. A test under a specific test load into the
stand is optionally available. surface of a specimen. The
penetration depth is measured
under load and is related by an
equation to the measured hardness
in N/mm2 .
Technical data:
Order no.: Zwick 3106
Load application: Weights
Loads: 49 / 132 / 358 /
961 / 1471 N
Pre-loads: 9.8 to 98 N
Standard ball: 5 mm
Further balls: 1.58 ...12.7 mm
Hardness tester 3108 acc. to Pusey & Jones BARCOL hardness tester Penetration depth
measurement: digital
Resolution: 0.001 mm
Anvil diameter: 25 mm
Further standards using the ball

indentation hardness tester:
• ASTM D 785: Rockwell hardness
(plastics)
• ISO 6508: Rockwell hardness
(metals)
• DIN 1168-2: Hardness of plaster
• DIN 1996: Indentation test
method for asphalt
• DIN 51917: Rockwell hardness
of carbon materials
• EN 433: Residual indentation
(floor coverings)
Rockwell hardness tester for scales R, L, M, Ball indentation hardness tester 3106
E, K and α
60
Zwick Services Pre-Testing Preliminary acceptance
Worldwide Service In the course of new, modified, or very

complex applications, it is necessary
Customer satisfaction is a top priority to perform specific tests prior to
of the Zwick Roell Corporation. purchasing or expanding a test
With local service organizations in system. Zwick’s Application Lab is
over 50 countries, we help optimize available in conjunction with its nu-
the return on your investment and merous ex-perts and extensive selec-
to ensure the functionality of your tion of machines and fixtures in order
testing machine. to initially verify the testing set-up.
Engineering Consulting Services Contract Testing

Prior to delivery of your machine, you
have the opportunity to conduct a
preliminary acceptance checkout at
our facility. This will allow you be-
come acquainted with the operation
of the machine and confirm the
agreed-upon functionality.
Transport
Everything is available from a single

Changing specifications, new test Whether for new test requirements source with ZwickService. Upon
requirements, or the installation or or tests performed to particular request, and where applicable,
modification of a test lab can be technical specifications, the Zwick within the scope of initial operation,
optimized by consulting experts. Contract Lab provides timely and ZwickService will monitor the com-
Experienced Zwick engineers can accurate test results on a contract plete transport. Beyond that, it is
advise you in the planning and imple- basis. Please contact us for also possible to have the machine
mentation of such complex projects specific contract testing capabilities transported all the way to the instal-
to meet your exacting requirements. and pricing. lation site. Convenient and profes-
sional. You no longer need to be
Demonstration Application Technology concerned about the transport at
Seminars your facility.
The decision to purchase a materials
testing system and accessories de- Active collaboration with partners Retrofit
pends on a number of factors. In from research and technology
order to help facilitate this decision, qualifies us to impart knowledge in Converting the old into new –
Zwick maintains a fully-equipped principles of materials testing and ZwickService specialists professio-
Applications Lab to perform trial expertise within Application Techno- nally perform the upgrade of your
tests to ensure the selection of the logy Seminars. existing materials testing machine,
appropriate equipment and acces- regardless of the original manufac-
sories. turer. This allows the latest digital
control technology and software
automation to enhance the perfor-
mance of your testing system at the
fraction of the cost of a new system.
61
Installation Machine Relocation Customer Support
ZwickService provides for the com-

plete relocation of your testing ma-
chine as needed. Our experienced
management team takes responsibi-
lity for the detailed planning, from the
disassembly and transport, through
to re-installation of the machine. The
machine will be ready for testing at
its new location on schedule. Inde-
pendent of the manufacturer of your
testing machine – ZwickService has
ZwickService ensures the optimal specially trained and experienced The trouble-free performance of your
installation of your testing machine staff for every make or model. testing machine is of importance to
and accessories based on the ex- us. Should any unforeseen malfunc-
perience from several thousand in- Software Adaptation tion occur with the machine’s hard-
stallations. Functional tests performed ware or software, our competent
prior to final acceptance guarantee Our software engineers have the solid experts at our Hotline will be happy
a successful installation process. technical expertise from years of ex- to assist you. If you are not able to
perience to quickly deliver program- speak to someone immediately, we
Hardware Overview ming tailored to your individual needs. promise to return your call as soon
The testing requirements are defined as possible.
Nothing is left to chance during in close cooperation and agreement
ZwickService test machine commis- with you and subse-quently carried Support Desk
sioning. The on-site commissioning out according to these specific needs.
is performed systematically and
professionally on a checklist basis, Product Training
and ensures an optimal utilization of
the test hardware.
Software Overview
The introduction is performed

following a checklist procedure,
using a specific example from the
operator’s daily practice. The results
will be saved for later use. Our Support Desk is a cost-saving
Alternatively, ZwickService offers a alternative to on-site visits or training
two-stage introduction which by a service technician. We assist
includes an initial basic overview Zwick maintains a staff of qualified, you in questions regarding the
and a final review at a later date. expert trainers, who have extensive operation of hardware and software,
practical experience and who con- adaptation of your test programs or
duct product training courses either offer further technical support. The
at Zwick, or specially customized to extensive application experience
be performed at the customer’s enables our service technicians to
facility. provide quick and effective solutions
to any questions you might have.
62
Rentals Repair Work Software Upgrade
Whether for temporary testing re- Upgrade your testXpert® software to

quirements or to satisfy a short- the latest version. This allows you to
term need, ZwickService provides take advantage of the most recent
the rental of testing grips. Please developments and the enhanced
contact us for further information functionality of testXpert®. The latest
about the rental service. changes of relevant materials testing
standards are also incorporated in
Maintenance the newest testXpert® version.
Upon request, ZwickService per- When upgrading your outdated

forms the regularly-required mainte- DOS software to the latest Windows
nance of machine and accessories Should a failure in your materials tech-nology you can take advantage
as des-cribed in the instruction testing machine occur in spite of of improved performance and
manual and monitors the main- thorough inspection and mainte- benefits. With an upgrade from
tenance intervals. nance, one of the many technicians testXpert® to testXpert® II you benefit
of the ZwickService network is avai- from the latest significant develop-
Inspection lable on short notice. Spare parts, ments in application software.
from Zwick’s large inventory, will be
ZwickService helps reduce down- dispatched within short term.
time significantly by regularly in-
specting your test system. The Calibration
inspection plan documents the con-
dition of the machine, allows imme- ZwickService calibrates your testing
diate exchange of worn parts as machine and testing systems com-
needed, and the recommendation pliant to the current national and in-
of preventive measures. ternational standards, including ISO
and ASTM. Zwick has associated
calibration laboratories in different
countries, all of them accredited in With an update or an upgrade of testXpert®
accordance with ISO/IEC 17025. Zwick customers are able to take advantage
of the latest technology and developments.
Consequently we are authorized for
on-site calibration of testing machines
and testing systems according to
the relevant standards (DKD, UKAS,
COFRAC, A2LA) and to issue the
corresponding calibration certifi-
cates which are internationally
accepted.
1)
DKD: Deutscher Kalibrier-Dienst
2)
UKAS: United Kingdom Accreditation
Service
3)
COFRAC: Comité Français d´Accréditation
4)
A2LA: American Association for
Laboratory Accredition
63
Annex: Overview of standards and test equipment
Subject Standard Testing device Page
Testing equipment: design, verification, accuracy, environmental conditions
• Tensile, compression and bending machines ISO 5893, ISO 7500-1, ASTM E 4, ISO 9513, DIN 51220
• Impact testing machines ISO 13802, JIS B7756, EN 10045-2, DIN 51230
• Standard atmospheres for testing ISO 291, JIS K 7100, ASTM D 618
• Conditioning and test conditions for rubber ISO 471, DIN 53500, ASTM D 1349, ASTM D 832
• Performing of round robin tests ASTM E 691
• Temperature devices for rubber testing ISO 3383
Sample preparation
• Injection moulding ISO 294-1/-2/-3/-4 Injection moulding machine -
• Compression moulding ISO 293, ISO 295 Moulding press -
• Machining ISO 2818 Cutting press, strip cutter 11
• Rubbers ISO 4661-1, ASTM D 1485, ASTM D 3183 Cutting press 11
• Multipurpose test specimen for plastics ISO 3167, JIS K 7139 11
• Test specimen for plastics ISO 20753 -
• Test specimen for PS ISO 1622-2 -
Dimension measurement
• Multipurpose specimen ISO 527-1, ISO 16012, ASTM D 5947 Micrometer 16
• Thickness of plastic film ISO 4593, DIN 53370, ASTM D 374, ISO 4591, Dead weight thickness gauge, 16/18
ASTM E 252 balance
• Rubbers ISO 37, ISO 4648, DIN 53504, DIN 53534, Dead weight thickness gauge, 16/18
ISO 3302, ASTM D 3767, balance
• Cellular plastics and rubbers ISO 1923, DIN 53570 Dead weight thickness gauge, 16
vernier calipper
Thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics
• Tensile properties ISO 527-1/-2, ASTM D 638, ASTM D 1708, Material testing machine 18
EN 2747
• Poissons ratio ISO 527, ASTM E 132 Material testing machine
• Flexural properties (1 point method) ASTM D 747 Material testing machine 18
• Flexural properties (3 point method) ISO 178, ASTM D 790, ASTM D 5934 Material testing machine 18
• Flexural properties (4 point method) ASTM D 6272 Material testing machine 18
• Compression properties ISO 604, ASTM D 695 Material testing machine 18
• Shear properties ASTM D 732 Material testing machine 18
• Creep behaviour, tensile ISO 899-1, ASTM D 2990 Material testing machine 18
• Creep behaviour, flexural (3 point method) ISO 899-2, ISO 6602 Material testing machine 18
• Creep behaviour, compression ASTM C 1181 Material testing machine 18
• Dynamic mechanical properties EN ISO 6721-4/-5/-6, ASTM D 5023, Servohydraulic testing machine 45
ASTM D 5024, ASTM D 5026, DIN 53442
• Fracture toughness ISO 13586, ASTM E 813 Material testing machine 18
• Barcol hardness EN 59, ASTM D 2583 Barcol hardness tester 60
• Ball indentation hardness ISO 2039-1 Ball indentation hardness tester 60
• Rockwell hardness (R, L, M, E, K) ISO 2039-2, ASTM D 785 hardness tester 60
• Rockwell α hardness ISO 2039-2, ASTM D 785 hardness tester 60
• Instrumented hardness ISO 14577-1, DIN 50359-1 Instrumented hardness tester -
• Shore A- and Shore D-hardness ISO 868, DIN 53505, ASTM D 2240, Shore hardness tester 58
ISO 7619-1, ISO 21509
• Shore B, C, 0, 00, D0 ASTM D 2240 Shore hardness tester 58
64
Thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics (continuation)
• Pendulum impact strength, Charpy ISO 179-1, ASTM D 6110 Pendulum impact tester 48
• Pendulum impact strength, Izod ISO 180, ASTM D 256, ASTM D 4812 Pendulum impact tester 48
• Pendulum impact strength, tensile ISO 8256, ASTM D 1822 Pendulum impact tester 48
• Dynstat resilience DIN 53435 Pendulum impact tester 48
• Impact brittleness temperature ISO 974 Pendulum impact tester 48
• Instrumented impact strength, Charpy ISO 179-2 Pendulum impact tester 46, 48
• Falling dart test ISO 6603-1, ASTM D 5628, ASTM F 736 Falling weight impact tester 47
• High speed impact tests ISO 6603-2, ASTM D 5420, DIN 53443-2, Falling weight impact tester, 46
ASTM D 3763, ASTM D 5628 High speed testing machine 47
• High speed tensile test ISO / CD 18872 High speed testing machine 46
• Melt index (MFR, MVR, FRR) ISO 1133, ASTM D 1238, ASTM D 3364 Melt flow Plastometer 52
• Determination of density ISO 1183-1 Density kit 18
• Vicat softening temperature (VST) ISO 306, EN 2155-14, JIS K 7206, Vicat VST instrument 54
ASTM D 1525, BSI 2782-meth. 121 C
• Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) ISO 75-1/-2/-3, ASTM D 648, HDT instrument 54
BS 2782-meth. 120 C

• Tensile properties ISO 37, ASTM D 412, DIN 53504 Material testing machine 18
• Tensile, rubber condoms ISO 4074 Material testing machine 18
• Test methods for rubber threads ISO 2321, ASTM D 2433 Material testing machine 18
• Tension set ISO 2285, ASTM D 412 Material testing machine 18
• Compression properties ISO 7743, ASTM D 575 Material testing machine 18
• Compression set ISO 815, ASTM D 395, ASTM D 1229 Material testing machine 18
• Tear properties, Graves method DIN 53515, ASTM D 624, ISO 34 Material testing machine 18
• Tear properties, trouser, angle, crescent ISO 34-1 Material testing machine 18
• Tear properties, Delft ISO 34-2 Material testing machine 18
• Adhesion properties EN 28033, ISO 814, ISO 5600, ISO 5603, Material testing machine 18
ISO 8033, ASTM D 429, ASTM D 1871,
ASTM D 413, ISO 813
• Analysis of multi peak traces ISO 6133 Calculations
• Shear properties ISO 1827 Material testing machine 18
• Creep, relaxation ISO 3384, ISO 8013, DIN 53537, ISO 6914 Material testing machine 18
• Friction properties ISO 15113 Material testing machine 18
• Visko-elastic properties ISO 4664, DIN 53513, DIN 53 535 Servohydraulic testing machine 45
• Fatigue ASTM D 430, ASTM D 4482
• Test methods for O-rings ASTM D 1414
• Requirements for pipe joint seals EN 681
• IRHD hardness ISO 48, ISO 7619, ASTM D 1415, DIN 53519 IRHD hardness tester 59
• Shore A and D hardness ISO 868, ISO 7619, ASTM D 2240, Shore hardness tester 58
DIN 53505, ISO 18898
• Shore B, C, D0, 00, 000, 000-S, R hardness ASTM D 2240 Shore hardness tester 58
• Pusey & Jones hardness ASTM D 531 Pusey & Jones hardness tester 60
• Abrasion resistance ISO 4649, DIN 53516 Abrasion tester 57
• Rebound resilience ISO 4662, DIN 53512, ASTM D 1054 Rebound resilience tester 56
• Density ISO 2781, ASTM D 792, DIN 53479 Density kit 18
65
Rubber or plastic coated fabrics
• Tensile properties ISO 1421, ASTM D 751 Material testing machine 18
• Adhesion properties ISO 36, ISO 4637, ISO 4647, ASTM D 413 Material testing machine 18
• Blocking resistance ISO 5978, EN 25978 Material testing machine 18
• Tear resistance ISO 4674, ASTM D 751, DIN 53356 Material testing machine 18
Rigid cellular plastics
• Test methods ISO 9054, ISO 7214 -
• Tensile properties ISO 1926, ASTM D 1623,DIN 53430 Material testing machine 18
• Flexural properties ISO 1209-1/-2, JIS K 7221 Material testing machine 18
• Shear strength ISO 1922, DIN 53427 Material testing machine 18
• Compression properties ISO 844, ASTM D 1621, EN 826 Material testing machine 18
• Compression creep test ISO 7616, ISO 7850 Material testing machine 18
• Thickness measurement EN 12431 Material testing machine 18
• Pendulum impact strength ISO 179 Pendulum impact tester 48
• Density ISO 845, ASTM D 1622 Balance 18
• Tensile strength perpendicular to faces EN 1607, DIN 53292 Materials testing machine 18
Flexible cellular polymeric materials
• Tensile properties ISO 1798, ASTM D 3574-E Material testing machine 18
• Compression properties ISO 3386-1, ISO 3386-2, Material testing machine 18
ASTM D 3574-C, ASTM D 1055
• Indentation properties (hardness) ISO 2439, DIN 53577, DIN 53579-1 Material testing machine 18
ASTM D 3574-B, ASTM D 3579
• Compression load deflection ISO 11752 Material testing machine 18
• Tear strength, trouser specimen ISO 8067, ASTM D 3574-F Material testing machine 18
• Creep in compression ISO 10066, ISO 1856 Material testing machine 18
• Rebound resilience DIN 13014, ISO 8307, ASTM D 3574 Rebound resilience tester 57
• Constant load pounding ISO 3385
• Accelerated ageing tests ISO 2440
• Dynamic cushioning performance ISO 4651 Falling weight impact tester -
• Appearant density ISO 845, ASTM D 3574-A Balance 18
Reinforced plastic composites
• Tensile properties ISO 527-4/-5, ISO 4899, ISO 14129, Material testing machine 18
ASTM D 3039, ASTM D 3916, ASTM D 5083,
DIN 65378, DIN 65466, EN 2561
• Hole opening properties DIN 65562, ASTM D 5961 Material testing machine 18
• Compression properties ISO 14126, DIN 65375, DIN 65380, Material testing machine 18
ASTM D 3410, pr EN 2850, ASTM D 695
• Notched compression strength AITM 1-0008, EN 6036 Materials testing machine 18
• Flexural properties ISO 14125, ASTM D 4476, DIN 53390 Material testing machine 18
• Interlaminar shear strength ISO 14130, EN 2377, EN 2563, Material testing machine 18
JIS K 7078, DIN 65148, ASTM D 4475
• Shear strength ASTM D 5379, ASTM D 3846, Material testing machine 18
ASTM D 3914, DIN 53399-2
• Shear modulus ISO 14129, ASTM D 3518, JIS K 7079 Material testing machine 18
• Fracture toughness, Kc, Gc (LEFM),J-R ISO 13586, NASA R.P.1092, Material testing machine 18
ISO 17281, ASTM D 5045, ASTM D 6068,
ASTM D 6671, ASTM D 5528
• Fatigue properties ISO/DIS 13003, ASTM D 3479 Servohydraulic testing machine 18
• Compression After Impact (CAI) ASTM D 7136, AITM 1-0010, BSS 7260 Falling weight tester 47
CRAG method 403
66
Thin sheetings and films
• Tensile properties ISO 527-3, ASTM D 882, ASTM D 5323 Material testing machine 18
• Tear resistance, Graves, angle specimen ISO 34, DIN 53515 Material testing machine 18
• Tear resistance, trouser specimen ISO 6383-1, ASTM D 1004, ASTM D 1938 Material testing machine 18
• Tear resistance, trapezoidal specimen EN 495-2, DIN 53363 Material testing machine 18
• Blocking strength ISO 11502, DIN 53366, ASTM D 3354 Material testing machine 18
• Puncture tests EN 14477, ASTM D 5748, ASTM F1306 Material testing machine 18
• Pendulum impact strength, tensile ISO 8256, ASTM D 1822 Pendulum impact tester 48
• Impact resistance, free falling dart ISO 7765-1/-2, ASTM D 4272 Falling weight impact tester 47
ASTM D 1709, ASTM D 3763, JIS K 7124
DIN 53373
• Coefficient of friction ISO 8295, ASTM D 1894, JIS K 7125, Material testing machine 18
DIN 53375
Plastic piping
• Specifications for pipes EN 1555, EN 1852
• Tensile properties ISO 6259-1/-2/-3, ISO 8521, ISO 8513, Material testing machine 18
ISO 8533, ASTM D 2105, ASTM D 2290,
EN 1393, EN 1394
• Compression properties EN 802, EN 1446, ISO/DIS 4435, Material testing machine 18
DIN 53769-3, ASTM D 2412
• Flexural strength EN 12100 Material testing machine 18
• Creep test ISO 7684, EN 761, EN 1862 Material testing machine 18
• Ring stiffness ISO 9969, ISO 9968, ISO 13967, ISO 10466, Material testing machine 18
ISO 10471, EN 1226, EN 1227, EN 1228,
ASTM D 5365
• Cyclic compression test ASTM D 2143
• Vicat softening temperature EN 727 Vicat VST instrument 54
• Impact characteristics EN 744, EN 1411, EN 12061, ISO 3127, Falling weight impact tester 47/48
ASTM D 2444, ISO 7628 Pendulum impact tester
• Melt flow index ISO 4440-1/-2 Melt flow Plastometer 52
Adhesives
• Tensile properties (butt joints) ISO 6922, EN 26922, EN 1940, EN 1941, Material testing machine 18
EN 14410
• Peel resistance ISO 4578, ISO 8510-1/-2, ISO 11339 Material testing machine 18
EN 1464, EN 1939, EN 28510-1/-2, EN 60454-2
• Contact adhesion EN 1945
• Shear strength ISO 4587, ISO 10123, EN 1465, ISO 11003, Material testing machine 18
ISO 13445, ASTM D 3163, ASTM D 3164
• Bending-shear strength ISO 15108 Material testing machine 18
• Creep properties ISO 15109 Material testing machine 18
• Shear impact strength ISO 9653, EN 29653
• Fatigue properties ISO 9664 Servohydraulic testing machine 45
• Resistance to flow ISO 14678
67
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www.zwick.com.sg www.zwick.co.uk
[email protected] [email protected]
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Phone ++1 770 420 6555 Phone ++33 1-48 63 21 40
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[email protected] [email protected]
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Equipos de Ensayos S.L.
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Phone ++34 934 648 002
Fax ++34 934 648 048
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[email protected]

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Testing systems

Testing of plastics and rubber

This is only a part of the extensive

The Zwick-Roell Group ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Today, the most important raw

The molecule chains are linear and Properties

Standard: ISO 527-2

Standard: ISO 527-2

Standard: ISO 178

Rubbers and elastomers

Rubbers and elastomers

Standard: ISO 34-1

Standard: ISO 34-1

Fibre reinforced composites

Standard: ISO 527-4

Standard: ISO 14130

Standard: ISO 1798

Standard: ASTM D 3574 - B1

Standard: ISO 3386

Standard: ISO 8067

Standard: ISO 527-3

Adhesives and sealings

Standard: ISO 4578

Standard: customer specific

in accordance to ISO 2818 or other magazines All dimensions in [mm]

Excentric cutting press 7101 with ring

Zwick cutting presses and Advantages of cutting devices:

Thermoplastic and thermosetting materials

ISO 3167 A Injection moulded >

ASTM D 638 I Preferred specimen >

Rubbers and elastomers

ISO 37 1 Preferred size >

Standard Type Application l3 l1 b2 b1 h L0 L Shape Cutting die/

Thin sheetings and films

Reinforced plastic composites

Standard Type Application l3 l1 b2 b1 h L0 L Shape Cutting die/

ISO 6259-2 2 By cutting die >

Specimen for pendulum impact tests

ISO 179-1 2 Charpy, materials exhibiting 25 x h - - 10 or 15 3 (preferred)20 x h -

Requirements of standards for measurements by use of a micrometer

Standard Material Test type Measurement of Reading req.

Components testing with ProLine: Materials testing:

zwicki-Line load frames and drives

Series Z0.5 Z1.0 Z2.5 Z5.0

Tabletop Testing Machines

Allround-Line Load Frames and Drives

Tabletop Testing Machines

Floor-standing Testing Machines

Some Significant Benefits

Test Evaluation of Test Results

For processing the test results

A representation of a material’s tensile strength over a period of days

Types and recommendations

Depending on the test, the

Compressive force with safe axial load application + + + ++ ++ ++

the specimen grips must always be Gripping travel and opening

Dependence of the clamping force on the

Open Closed Loaded

Hydraulic grips Depending on the clamping force

shear tests with an excentric compressed air ductwork system