Fundamental Particle for all Matter is Dark Matter

Daniel Lee Stark

Jan. 30, 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a new concept for all matter. The
thesis is that all matter both normal and Dark Matter (DM) are
composed of the same fundamental particle, a DM particle which
when the DM’s gravitational field is excited, creates the
Electromagnetic (EM) force. The excited DM particle is
transformed to our normal matter when excited, now having
gravitational and EM forces.
This theory is similar to string theory, except it is a
three-dimensional concept with the strings replaced by a
spherical structure composed of a gravitational field produced
by a DM particle which has both mass and a gravitational field.
The source of all mass and gravitational fields are predicted as
derived from the mysterious DM.
The fundamental DM particle is further theorized to “group”
forming larger DM particles up to some unstable state, allowing
for a family of normal matter fundamental particles when the DM
group’s gravitational fields are excited.
Herein a DM particle is described as having three
dimensions with a volume, not a point. DM and all particles need
to be viewed as including their respective fields as being part
of the particle’s dimensions. A DM particle is theorized to have
a hollow center surrounded by a gravitational field with an
inner spherical boundary and an outer boundary approaching
infinity based on the volume of the sphere, or radius cubed. All
particles are large, only the centers are very small.
A DM’s gravitational field excitation creates the
Electromagnetic fields, which creates normal matter. Quantum
physics is fundamental to this concept because DMs are quantized
and excited gravitational fields are waves. Energy is not
predicted as quantized; however, storage mechanisms do quantize
packets of energy.
Photons are theorized to be massless, open EM waves ejected
from excited DM particles and traveling on the gravitational
field.
Waves and particles both have dimension, and cannot be
described as a point, except particles may be mathematically

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treated as a point at a distance. Characteristics of a particle
and a wave can be described at a point, but to describe the
particle or wave, an equation describing the volume is required.
DM excitation is theorized to occur when two DMs with high
kinetic velocity pass through each other, causing some of the
kinetic energy to be absorbed with the excitation of the
gravitational field. Different excitation modes determine the
particle’s characteristics. Our matter’s fundamental particles
are predicted to be composed of different excited DM and DM
groups. The excited DMs further form fundamental particles as
observed by current particle physics.
A key point is that our normal matter may have several
fundamental particles. The real fundamental particle is a single
DM.

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Table Of Contents

Table Of Contents ............................................ 1

1. Dark Matter Theory ...................................... 2
1.1. Observations Predicting Existence of Dark Matter ...... 2
1.2. A New Theory for the Nature of Dark Matter ............ 2
1.3. Families of Dark Matter Particles ..................... 3
1.4. Photons ............................................... 3
1.5. Space is Not an Empty Vacuum .......................... 5
1.6. Our Matter ............................................ 5
1.7. Dark Matter ........................................... 6
1.8. Mass and Energy Independently Conserved ............... 6
1.9. Quantum Mechanics ..................................... 7
1.10. DM Black Holes....................................... 7
1.11. Positive and Negative Normal Matter and Antimatter... 7
2.1. Gravitational Field is the Aether ..................... 8
2.2. DM May be Paul Dirac’s Sea ............................ 9
3. New Concept for the Universe ............................ 9
3.1. Our Sub-Universe Inside an Infinite DM Universe ....... 9
3.1.1. Ground State DM Universe............................. 9
3.1.2. Creation of Our Sub-Universe........................ 10
3.1.3. Expanding Universe.................................. 10
3.1.4. DM Galaxy Formation................................. 11
3.1.4.1. Our Matter Created at Each Galaxy ................. 12
3.2. The Evolution of the Universe and Our Sub-Universe ... 13
3.3. Quiescent Infinite DM Universe ....................... 13
3.4. We Exist in Both Universes ........................... 14
4. References: ............................................ 15

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 Fundamental Particle for all
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1. Dark Matter Theory

1.1. Observations Predicting Existence of Dark Matter

The evidence leading to the prediction of DM is reviewed.
WikipediA, states[1] “Calculations show that many galaxies would fly
apart rather than rotate, or would not have formed or move as they
do, if they did not contain a large amounts of unseen matter.[2]
Other lines of evidence include observations in gravitational
lensing,[3] from the cosmic microwave background, from
astronomical observations of the observable universe's current
structure, from the formation and evolution of galaxies, from
mass location during galactic collisions,[4] and from the motion
of galaxies within galaxy clusters. In the standard Lambda-CDM
model of cosmology, the total mass–energy of the universe
contains 5% ordinary matter and energy, 27% DM and 68% of an
unknown form of energy known as dark energy.[5] [6] [7] [8] Thus,
dark matter constitutes 85% of the total mass, while dark energy
plus dark matter constitute 95% of total mass–energy content.[9]
[10] [11] [12]
“

1.2. A New Theory for the Nature of Dark Matter

The concept for DM presented herein is that of a spherical
positive gravitational field with mass. The mass may be located
at the center or as part of the gravitational field.
A DM is described, as a spherical bubble membrane with the
inner membrane’s boundary having a minimum radius “r” wherein no
gravitational field exists inside this minimum boundary. Such a
construction avoids the gravitational field strength approaching
infinity as the radius approaches zero.
The DM membrane’s outer boundary is not a distinct value,
but its field strength decreases with increasing radius as a
function of a sphere’s increasing volume as the radius
approaches infinity.
The gravitational field is considered to have the greatest
intensity at the inner boundary, decreasing in intensity with
radial distance from the center. The gravitational field inside
the inner boundary is zero. A stiff gravitational field may
disallow the inner boundary supporting vibration, disallowing
closed waves at the minimum radius. The gravitational field
strength decreases very rapidly a function of the Radius cubed
(R3), allowing for closed wave excitations over a Goldie Locks
region.

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Matter is Dark Matter

The point is that nature does not have singularities or

points. Points are artificial edifices of math, not represented
by matter or nature. Points are useful to describe forces at a
location, but all particles have dimension, unlike points.
Similarly waves cannot be described as a point, but field
characteristics can be described at a point and particles at a
distant may be mathematically treated as if a point for
mathematical simplicity. Mathematics is not nature, but
mathematics can model nature with the result only as good as the
math model.
The theory that our matter is excited Dark Matter is
[13]
theorized in a paper “A Theory of the Universe and Matter.”

1.3. Families of Dark Matter Particles

DMs are predicted to join together when their respective
velocities can be overcome by their mutual gravitational
attraction. Such a DM union may join in several ways. (a) The
DMs join forming a larger bubble DM structure. (b) The DMs may
cling together with each DM maintaining its singular identity
similar to soap bubbles cluster. (c) A combination of the first
two identified unions is also possible.
When DMs join, the inner minimum radius increases by the
addition of the other DM’s spherical volume, providing a more
flexible inner gravitational field and possibly supporting
closed wave excitation modes. Different size excited DMs are
predicted to be the fundamental building blocks for our matter.

1.4. Photons
Current theories consider Photons massless in order to
achieve the speed of light and carry kinetic energy, which can
only be associated with mass. The apparent contradiction
currently explained with rest mass and conversion between mass
and energy.
This theory predicts that photons are a massless open
pulsed EM wave carried on the gravitational field ether. The EM
energy wave packet contains energy similar to kinetic energy. A
photon is predicted as a pure EM energy packet on the
gravitational field, and is not a DM or an energized DM
particle. A photon’s EM fields are created by the gravitational
field disturbance.

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Matter is Dark Matter

This theory predicts that a photon and a normal particle

both share the creation of an EM field with the disturbance of
the gravitational field.
This theory predicts the electromagnetic spectrum’s
wavelength distribution to be based on the conditions of
energized DMs, which results in quantized effects. Photons are
predicted only created by energized DM particles. The energized
DM particle may decay back into a DM particle with the expulsion
of a photon. Thus photons are predicted to originate from
apparently nothing since the DM particles are very difficult to
detect.
A photon is predicted to be pure energy riding the
gravitational field. Thus a photon cannot exist without a
gravitational field. Since energy is considered conserved, the
photon’s energy cannot be transformed into mass. The
gravitational field my absorb the photon’s energy over time
which may explain the excessive red shift observed at from
distant galaxies. A particle may also absorb a photon allowing
for energy absorption without a mass transfer.
R. Battesti, C. Rizzo published a very complete history of
experimentation investigating the speed of light varying in a
vacuum when subjected to EM fields. The experiments have
demonstrated that a vacuum contains an induced index of
refraction when EM fields are applied. [14] The paper attributes
the phenomena to Dirac’s virtual electrons. However, another
explanation is that the EM fields act as a force field similar
to a gravity field. These experimental results may be the
smoking gun proving that fields do act as the ether.
A photon’s velocity is predicted to depend on the
gravitational field strength, and will increase in velocity in a
weaker gravitational field. Possibly also explaining distant
galaxy’s red shifts observed as dramatically exceeding the speed
of light. Light is predicted to have a higher velocity faster at
the edges of our universe based on less mass forming a weaker
gravitational field.
What happens to the photon’s energy as it escapes the
universe? If a DM universe in infinite, the energy follows
entropy rules. If he universe is finite, the gravitational field
must absorb the energy.
This prediction contradicts many current physics theories.
These contradictions are: relativity, the constancy of the speed
of light in a vacuum, the nature of gravity waves, the
conversion between mass and energy. The transfer of energy by
waves is understood requiring mass, such as a rest mass for

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Matter is Dark Matter

photons. The transfer of a massless photon’s kinetic energy may

be a transformation of EM energy into kinetic energy by the
photon, or the gravitational field having mass. The issue is
left open in this paper. Observations show Kinetic energy
results from the absorption of a photon.
This theory that our matter is excited DM should be judged
on the data rather than the current physic’s theories.
Similarly, simple equations are inadequate, complex mathematical
models performed in a computer are required.

1.5. Space is Not an Empty Vacuum

Einstein's general theory of relativity conceptualizes
space as a medium; however, his first assumption in special
relativity was that no ether existed. The word “ether” is
ridiculed in theoretical physics because it opposed relativity,
but very nicely describes the vacuum. Relativity does not
predict the existence or nonexistence of matter in the universe,
only requiring the matter to have relativistic symmetry. It
turns out that such matter exists. Later studies of
radioactivity showed empty vacuum of space exhibited
spectroscopic structure, or an ether similar to ordinary quantum
solids and fluids. Subsequent studies with large particle
accelerators have now led us to understand that space is more
like a piece of window glass than ideal Newtonian emptiness. It
is filled with virtual particles that are normally undetectable
but are detected in particle collisions. Experiments confirm
the vacuum of space is a relativistic ether.[15]
The existence of DM satisfies these observations wherein DM
are the virtual particles.
Fields are also present in all space; examples are the
gravitational fields and EM fields.

1.6. Our Matter

Our matter is described as possibly an excited single DM as
well as a possible excited DM group. DM has intrinsic mass and a
gravitational field. Excited DM’s gravitational field adds the
EM fields allowing repulsion as well as attraction at a higher
field strength than gravity. The excited DM contains energy via
the excitation process. Excited DM groups exhibit wavelike
characteristics because the EM fields are purely fields, not
particles. The particle’s size is dependent on its EM field
effects. Possibly such a concept also explains “spooky action

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 Fundamental Particle for all
Matter is Dark Matter

at a distance” because the particle is already at the distant

location even though their centers are separated.
The concept that a particle is mainly open space is not
new. Literature sources cite early German scientists referring
to matter as froth, with even Einstein possibly describing
matter accordingly. In 1955 John Wheeler described matter as
Quantum foam (also referred to as space-time foam).
It should also be noted that the early physicists did not
buy into relativity. Even Einstein questioned the theory.

1.7. Dark Matter

The theory presented herein avoids identifying a DM as a
graviton, WIMP or boson in order to free the DM particle from
properties currently assigned to those defined particles.
The DM described herein is predicted to be the only source
of mass for our normal matter. The EM fields associated with a
DM provide the particle like nature and provide our concept of
solidness.
The term “particle” is considered a very unfortunate term
because the gravitational and EM fields are very much part of
the particle, making the particle quite large. Thus possibly
explaining the double slit diffraction effects and the “spooky
action at a distance” observations. The particle is not a point,
but a large entity mostly if not totally composed of fields. The
nature of mass and the gravitational field are closely linked,
and may be one of the same or two distinct DM features.
The main point is to consider the fields as part of the
particle rather than consider a particle only at the nucleus as
if a point.

1.8. Mass and Energy Independently Conserved

Mass and energy are predicted to be both independently
conserved. Mass cannot be converted to energy, and energy cannot
be converted to mass. However energy can only exist associated
with a DM particle or its gravitational field. Mass and
gravitational fields are linked; consequently, the gravitational
field is conserved.
Energy can exist only in the forms of (a) potential energy
between DMs, (b) kinetic energy on DMs, (c) excited waveforms on
a DM, (d) or induced EM wave packets on the gravitational field
(photons), (e) and possibly spin of both a DM and an excited DM,
(f) a gravitational field. Since our matter is predicted to be

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Matter is Dark Matter

composed of excited DMs, the above statements may be repeated

for our matter.

1.9. Quantum Mechanics

Mass is quantized; energy is not quantized. Examples of
continuous energy are potential energy and kinetic energy
because distance is not quantized. However, the energy on an
excited DM is quantized. Energy can exist in both the quantized
and continuous states.

1.10. DM Black Holes

Currently DM black holes are considered impossible because
the DM particles do not have an identified method to lose
kinetic energy and thus accumulate. If DM particles can when
passing through each other, excite their respective
gravitational fields, a method of losing energy is identified.
Such a theory leads to the center of galaxies first being DM
black holes with these DM black holes creating our fundamental
particles. A spinning DM accumulation appears to be necessary,
and provides the best method to collide DMs as other DMs enter
the DM black hole from the edge of the spinning DM mass. DMs
velocities may exceed the measured speed of light.
The Super Massive Black Hole (SMBH) at the center of galaxy
NGC 1365 has a disk edge velocity at 84% the speed of light. [16]
Such a SMBH, if typical, creates a very high-energy particle
accelerator. When the edge of the SMBH is spinning at 84% of the
speed of light, particle escape is easily achieved. The escape
velocity adds to the Eddington luminosity. The edge of these
spinning black holes may be the area wherein very high-speed DM
collisions occur allowing for the DM excitation.

1.11. Positive and Negative Normal Matter and Antimatter

A major issue is how to explain positive and negative
particles. Possibly the electric or magnetic field’s exterior
orientation determines the polarity. Possibly positive and
negative EM fields are caused by the direction the gravitational
field is vibrated. A mathematical analysis is required to
explore the answer.
The spherical structure may be described as a hollow liquid
droplet, which has an inner surface and does not have a distinct
outer surface, but a decreasing fluidic nature radially outward
as the radius approaches infinity.

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A spherical structure with a finite number of shells may suffice

to mathematically model an excited DM. A shell is described by
the allowed energy quanta with a closed wave. The decreasing
gravitational field supporting oscillation limits the number of
spherical shells. Each shell can support three modes, the stable
mode being (1,1,1). The inner volume is free from a
gravitational and EM field as suggested by Isaac Newton who
proved the shell theorem [17] and stated that:
1. A spherically symmetric body affects external objects
gravitationally as though all of its mass is concentrated
at a point at its center.
2. If the body is a spherically symmetric shell (i.e., a
hollow ball), no net gravitational force is exerted by
the shell on any object inside, regardless of its
position inside the sphere.
Newton’s second shell theorem for the gravitational fields also
applies for EM fields and provides a method for particles of the
same value (positive or negative) to remain together, an
alternate theory for nuclear glue.
Another possibility is an oscillatory pattern wherein the
whole gravitational field oscillates from the minimum boundary
to the outer boundary.
The work presented in NASA Brief 67-10279 presents the equations
of motion for a spherical sandwich shell and to derive frequency
equations for the free vibrations of a closed shell. [18]
The appropriate math models are possibly spherical
harmonics that obey Laplace's equation or P-ADIC mathematics.

2.1. Gravitational Field is the Aether

This theory unifies the gravitational and Electromagnetic
fields as having the EM field created from waves on the
gravitational field. This theory requires fields to provide an
index of refraction, which provides an alternate theory to
relativity explaining why stellar bodies are observed to bend
light passing through a gravitational field. The literature
identifies the gravitational field as Aether, which dates back
over 100 years, with many famous physicists suggesting the
concept.

A current concept of the Vacuum Energy (VE) is that it

consists of a sea of virtual particles or vacuum fluctuations.
These particles appear out of nothing with opposite polarity,
and annihilate each other back into nothing, thus conserving
matter on the larger average. The excited DM particle theory is

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Matter is Dark Matter

an alternate explanation for the Dirac’s sea of virtual

particles.

2.2. DM May be Paul Dirac’s Sea

Paul Dirac, based on mathematics, conceived empty space to
be filled with virtual particles forming out of nothing and
disappearing back into nothing, called the Dirac Sea. Dirac’s
virtual particles were electrons with negative energy. Dirac’s
theory is derived from mathematical formulations.
Dirac’s concept is a very unsettling because it deviates
from conservation laws in the short term. The theory presented
herein follows the conservation of mass and energy on the micro
as well as on the macro average.

3. New Concept for the Universe

3.1. Our Sub-Universe Inside an Infinite DM Universe

Our universe consists of two universes within each other, a
DM universe, and an excited DM (our matter) sub-universe. Both
universes share the same space, time, energy, DM, and
gravitational fields.
However, the DM universe extends to infinity, and is
mainly an even distribution of DM particles at rest with all
energy stored as gravitational potential. Our universe is
created by a disturbance in the DM universe, which caused an
accumulation of DM material. These DM concentrations are finite
in space and time, and result in our matter being created
concentrated in a finite space and time. Our universe is
contained in the larger DM universe, and multiple universes like
ours are expected to exist in the infinite DM universe. These
sub-universes are born and die in the infinite DM universe based
on the DM supply.

3.1.1. Ground State DM Universe

The ground state DM universe’s energy is stored as
gravitational potential energy. That energy is evenly
distributed in the DM universe, with the gravitational force on
each DM particle nulled by the even distribution and symmetry of
motionless DM particles. This is the lowest energy state
possible, or ground state for the DM universe, with all of the
energy stored as gravitational potential. Such a theory is
similar to the “cold dark” universe description.

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3.1.2. Creation of Our Sub-Universe

Fluctuations in this even DM distribution, caused by
unbalanced gravitational attractions, create concentrations of
DM particles and concentrate gravitational potential energy.
The DM and energy concentrations create “hot spot” energy
regions. These high-energy concentrations first transfer the
gravitational potential energy into DM kinetic energy, which
acts to excite DM particles possibly via high-speed collisions,
creating our observable matter and our observable universe. The
DM collisions provide a method for high velocity DM particles to
lose energy and form into a DM concentration.

3.1.3. Expanding Universe

The high-energy concentration is unstable, and will
redistribute to “lower energy” regions of the universe. The
energy redistributes itself to the lower energy state universe
by hitching a ride on our energized DM particles and photons.
Thus our universe is finite in both space and time, contained in
a DM universe infinite in space and time. The universes are a
competition between gravity and energy, wherein fluctuations in
the DM distribution allow for gravitational driven accumulations
of DM particles, which also concentrates energy. The energy
drives the DM concentration back into the lower energy regions
of the DM universe with the excited DMs decaying back into DM.
The DM universe is not expanding, but our matter is
expanding back into the infinite stable DM universe, creating
the impression of an expanding universe. This theory predicts
Dark Energy does not exist; however, energy does exits as
associated with DM and may be considered DE. The concentration
of energy drives the energized DMs in an entropy behavior.
Photons are ripples of energy on the gravitational field
allowing for the major distribution of energy back into the DM
universe.
The energy thus hosted on excited DM particles also flows
the energy back into lower energy regions in the universe. This
process is consistent with the concept of the first rule of
thermodynamics. The first law states: “In any process, the total
energy of the universe remains constant.”
Our sub-universe is expanding at the speed of light back
into the infinite DM universe, transported outward on the
excited DM particles and photons. Space is not expanding, but
our excited matter’s sub-universe is expanding back into the

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Matter is Dark Matter

infinite DM universe. The excited DM particles lose their energy

back into gravitational potential transforming back into evenly
distributed DM particles. This theory explains the expanding
universe.
Dark Energy may just be the energy associated with a DM
being in the form of gravitational potential or kinetic energy
and possibly stored in the gravitational field.
This sub-universe description is consistent with
(referenced earlier) the current “Tired-light” proponents,
Thomas Van Flandern, PhD, and theoretical physicist Paul
LaViolette. LaViolette estimates that “a photon’s energy loss of
just 10% for every billion years of its travel would entirely
account for the observed increase of red-shift with distance.
The sum of actual astronomical data fits the tired-light model
better than the expanding universe model.[15]

3.1.4. DM Galaxy Formation

Current galaxy formation theories describe the early
universe composed of our matter and dark matter. The current
theory describes our matter as collecting via gravitational
attraction forming dense regions, whereas the Dark Matter (DM)
lagged, forming a halo around our galaxies.
The alternate theory presented herein, is that only DM
existed initially, and the concentrations of DM causes high
concentration of energy (gravitational potential) which leads to
the formation of our galaxy, and our sub-universe. This theory
in one aspect is very similar to the theory presented by Olin
Eggen, Donald Lynden-Bell, and Allan Sandage [19] in 1962, who
proposed that disk galaxies form by gravitational collapse of a
gas cloud, causing a rapidly rotating disk.
The Eggen theory has been abandoned, it explains formation
of a large mass but does not explain the rotational disk shape.
The Eggen theory may be correct when (substituting DM for
hydrogen) applied to a single DM concentration, which is
basically near spherical. However, in order to obtain a rotating
DM disk, two such DM concentrations are required to combine
creating the high rotational angular momentum and resulting in a
disk shape. The edge of this rotating DM disk is a very high-
energy environment, causing the possible excitation of DM
particles and creating our matter and our sub-universe. Thus our
matter is created at each galaxy, and the SMBH flings our matter
back into the larger universe. The DE is the original
gravitational potential energy that is converted into kinetic

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energy during a galaxy formation, wherein the high-energy

concentration acts to energize the DM particles.

3.1.4.1. Our Matter Created at Each Galaxy

DM is observed in the universe forming in large strings,
and clumping around galaxies. Our matter appears to be created
in high kinetic energy density regions, wherein colliding DMs
excite their respective bubble structure, causing rise to an
Electromagnetic force, and our matter.
Areas of high energy are thus the birthplaces for our
matter, excited DMs. The observed concentration of our matter is
in galaxies, which have a distinct disk shape. Colliding
galaxies complicate the distinct disk shapes, and act to obscure
the effects of the original disk shape. The main candidate for
the region where our matter is created remains at the edge of a
disk shaped Super Massive Black Holes (SMBH) in the center of
disk galaxies. Our matter is possibly created in these very
high-energy concentrations by exciting DM particle collisions at
the edge of each galaxy’s SMBH. DM material feeding a galaxy
causes a continuous creation of our particles, and when a galaxy
runs out of DM, it ceases to create excited matter and new
stars. Each galaxy’s excited DM is thus spread in a spinning
disk shaped distribution determined by the SMBH spin. Thus the
SMBH in the center of our galaxy is the mother of our galaxy.
This theory explains the distribution of our matter compared to
DM distribution in the universe, and explains why our matter is
concentrated in galaxies. It also explains the more simple
composite particles near the center of the universe. Fusion in
the stars further builds the composite particles into more
complex atoms as currently described.
The formation of our matter in a galaxy is the universe’s
method to distribute the concentrated energy back into lower
energy regions. Our excited DM is expected to decay back into
the DM universe wherein the energy is converted back into
gravitational potential between evenly distributed DM particles.
Other areas of high-energy concentration may also excite
the DM material. Because a DM lacks the electromagnetic
properties it can pass through neutron stars or black holes (BH)
composed of our matter not being affected by the intense
pressures inside a BH. In fact a DM will experience no
gravitational force at the center of a BH or a neutron star
because the summation of gravitational forces will null to zero.
Similarly a DM without an EM force is not attracted or repelled
by an excited particle, only experiencing its gravitational

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Matter is Dark Matter

attraction. It is not contained inside of a star of BH, only

influenced by the summation of gravitational attractions that
can null.
However, these massive concentrations of energy may act to
excite DM material, creating elements such as hydrogen inside
the neutron star or BH, possibly causing it to explode in a
super nova fashion. Thus even stars and BHs may be hydrogen fed
by DM entering the stars and being converted to hydrogen. The
energy concentration will make the BH unstable, and possible
explode. Nature does not allow a high concentration of energy to
be stable in a lower energy region. Thus stars may not be
limited to their immediate hydrogen supply, but are re-supplied
as the DM is converted into particles and hydrogen inside the
star.

3.2. The Evolution of the Universe and Our Sub-Universe

The pattern of the universe is formed by two opposing
phenomena. The first process requires DMs to collect together
and transport gravitational potential energy into a small volume
(sub-universe), which creates, excited DMs. The second process
requires the high-energy regions to dissipate the energy back to
low energy regions of space via the excited DM particles. The
excited Ges decay back into ground state DM particles, which
transfers the energy back into the ground state universe. Energy
can only exist as associated with a DM that is as gravitational
potential, kinetic energy, standing waves, or spins. Our matter
may be the primary method excited DMs dissipate the energy back
into low energy space.

3.3. Quiescent Infinite DM Universe

The steady quiescent DM universe is an even distribution of
DM motionless particles where all energy is stored as
gravitational potential. The gravitational fields from other DMs
in the region independently affect each DM particle. In this
quiescent state, any moving or excited DM, such as a photon,
will disrupt the gravitational fields, which is a transfer of
energy back into gravitational potential via gravitational
field. Each disrupted DM will move under this gravitational
field changes to reestablish a position wherein all kinetic
energy is transformed into gravitational potential. Thus the
kinetic energy is redistributed back into gravitational
potential energy and the DM particles redistribute to their
static motionless state.

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3.4. We Exist in Both Universes

We live in two universes, one of normal matter and one of
DM, sharing the same dimensions, time, energy and gravity. Only
the DM universe is infinite, and our normal matter sub-universe
has a beginning in time, an end in time, and a finite volume.
Our sub-universe did not begin in a singularity or a big bang,
but by a series of Super Massive Black Holes (SMBH) of DM. The
SMBH at the center of our galaxy is our mother, not a potential
destroyer.

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4. References:

1. WikipediA Dark matter retrieved 1/28/2019

2. Siegfried, T. (5 July 1999). "Hidden Space Dimensions May

Permit Parallel Universes, Explain Cosmic

Mysteries" (http://www.physics.ucdavis.edu/~kaloper/siegfr.txt).
The Dallas Morning News.

3. Trimble, V. (1987). "Existence and nature of dark matter in

the universe" (https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/
prd/content/qt2hz008rs/qt2hz008rs.pdf) (PDF). Annual Review of
Astronomy and Astrophysics. 25: 425–472.
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19. Allan Sandage. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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