The document discusses open pit mining which involves excavating a near-surface deposit using horizontal benches. It details the types of machinery used, the production procedure including site preparation, drilling, blasting, removal of overburden, and reclamation. Advantages include high productivity and lower costs while disadvantages include environmental impacts and high reclamation costs.
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Openpitmining 160923161438
The document discusses open pit mining which involves excavating a near-surface deposit using horizontal benches. It details the types of machinery used, the production procedure including site preparation, drilling, blasting, removal of overburden, and reclamation. Advantages include high productivity and lower costs while disadvantages include environmental impacts and high reclamation costs.
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Mining
• A process that is use to excavate the
minerals deposited in earth. Types of mining method There are two main type of mining method
1. Underground mining 2. Surface mining Classification of mining method
Mining
Underground mining Surface mining
Room and Pillar mining Long wall mining Open pit mining Strip Mining
Mountain top mining
Open pit mining • Open pit mining is the process of mining a near surface deposit by means of a surface pit excavated using horizontal benches. The shape of the excavation or mine vary depending upon the size and shape mineral matter WHEN TO ADOPT OPEN-PIT MINING • The deposit should not deeper than 90m i.e. The limiting depth of open pit is 90m to 300m. • The ratio of overburden to coal should be less. A ratio of 4:1 is considered desirable but in some cases 6:1 is also considered economic. • The coal seem should be uniform thickness and preferably flat. • There should not be excessive make of water. • A mild climatic condition should be favored. Open pit mining • Open pit can be done by two way. 1. Manual mining 2. Mechanized mining Machinery • Scrapers • Bucket-wheel • Bulldozers excavator • Front-end Loaders • Trucks • Rotary drill • Dumpers • Shovel • Conveyor • Dragline • Bulldozer Production procedure • Site preparation • Drilling and blasting • Removal of overburden • Excavation, loading and transporting • Reclamation Site Preparation • The process consist of felling and removal of trees. Removal of Top soil and subsoil and their storage for reuse in Reclamation phase, after the mining operations are over. DRILLING AND BLASTING
• When the overburden is hard, it is
blasted before deployment of excavator for its loading out. Removal of overburden
• The overburden is removed by Dragline,
Shovel and Dumper. • Loading into conveyors, the conveyors may be laid out around the pit or across the pit so that the waste can be reuse in reclamation. Excavation, Loading and Transport
• In mechanized mines the coal is loaded
by loading shovels, Hydraulic excavator or wheel loaders into trucks for out bye transport. Reclamation • Backfilling • Regrading • Surface stabilizing • Revagitation • Restoration Advantages • High productivity • Low capital cost • Lower the operating cost • Shorten the gestation period • Greater geological certainty • Greater safety and better working condition for mining personnel's • Simplify engineering, planning and control Disadvantages • Adverse effect on ecology and environment. Problem of noise and vibration consequence to heavy blast • Agriculture land is damage • High reclamation cost • Danger of inrush of water from aquifer zone • Handling of high unproductive material • Exposure to adverse climatic condition