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Fan Law

The document discusses fan laws, which allow one to determine the performance of a fan under different conditions of speed, density, or size. The fan laws establish that for geometrically similar fans, volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate, pressure, and power change predictably with variations in fan speed, diameter, and density. Specifically, volumetric flow rate and mass flow rate are directly proportional to fan speed and diameter cubed, pressure is directly proportional to the square of fan speed or diameter, and power is directly proportional to the cube of fan speed or the fifth power of diameter. These relationships allow calculation of fan performance under a second set of conditions from a known initial performance.

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187 views1 page

Fan Law

The document discusses fan laws, which allow one to determine the performance of a fan under different conditions of speed, density, or size. The fan laws establish that for geometrically similar fans, volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate, pressure, and power change predictably with variations in fan speed, diameter, and density. Specifically, volumetric flow rate and mass flow rate are directly proportional to fan speed and diameter cubed, pressure is directly proportional to the square of fan speed or diameter, and power is directly proportional to the cube of fan speed or the fifth power of diameter. These relationships allow calculation of fan performance under a second set of conditions from a known initial performance.

Uploaded by

hardik033
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The Fan Laws Page 1 of 1

Themes > Science > Physics > Fluid Dynamics > Flying the flag for fluid
dynamics > Aerodynamics > Low-speed steady aerodynamics /
hydrodynamics > All you need to know about fans > The Fan Laws

Sometimes it may be necessary to determine the output of a given fan under other
conditions of speed or density, or to convert the known performance of an air mover
of one size to that of another geometrically similar unit of a different size. The fan
laws permit this.

Geometrically similar fans can be characterized by the following four equations:

Volumetric Flowrate: G = KqND3

Mass Flow Rate: m· =Km ND3

Pressure: P = Kp N2D2

Power: HP = KHP N3D5

where:

K = constant for geometrically and dynamically similar operation


G = volumetric flow rate m· = mass flow rate
N = fan speed in RPM D = fan diameter
HP = power output = air density

From these relationships, it is possible to calculate a fan performance at a second


condition. Table 1 is a summary of the fan law equations in a form useful for fan
analysis.

Constants Variable Fan Laws


G2 = G1 (N2/N1)
Diameter (D) P2 = P1 (N2/N1)2
Speed (N)
Density ( )
HP2 = HP1 (N2/N1)3

G2 = G1 (D2/D1)3
Speed (N) P2 = P1 (D2/D1)2
Diameter (D)
Density ( )
HP2 = HP1 (D2/D1)5
Diameter (D) P2 = P1 ( 2/ 1)2
Speed (N) Density ( )
Volumetric Flow Rate (G) HP2 = HP1 ( 2/ 1)5

G2 = G1 ( 2/ 1)
Diameter (D) P2 = P1 ( 2/ 1)
Density ( )
MassFlow Rate (m.) N2 = N 1 ( 2 / 1 )
HP2 = HP1 (N2/N1)2

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Physics/FluidDynamics/FlyingDynamics/Aer... 9/7/2009

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