ASSEMBLY OF PENTIUM -4 COMPUTER

ABSTRACT
This project work is assembling of computer system . Computer system generally
refers to a set of electronics hardware components assembled together for the
purpose of performing some basic operation with much regard to speed and
accuracy. A lot of people may want to see a computer system as a machine which
specializes in taking information from the outside world, process the information
according to some pre determined set of instructions and give out the processed
information in a given from according to the predetermined instructions. The
computer system can be viewed from much perspective depending on the users
view. In all this the computer system consists of two parts to carry out its function
properly. (1) The hardware component (Ii) The software component. (i) The
hardware component in a computer refers to the physical parts that are
assembled together to carry out the function. ii) The software refers to the set of
instructional codes called programs which the computer depend upon for its
effective operation. Another way of describing a computer is in terms of what the
computer is capable of doing, we can look at the role of computer n data
processing, numerical computation, workstations automatic control systems and
electronic systems.
In this particular project is on assembling of a Pentium 4 computer. The
Pentium 4 is a type, or class, of computer processor developed and manufactured
by Intel. The Pentium 4 processor was a single core processor, used in desktop
and laptop computers. The first Pentium 4 processor was codenamed Willamette
and was capable of speeds from 2.2 GHz to 3.0 GHz.
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
A Pentium-4 computer is a line of single-core desktop and laptop central
processing units (CPUs) introduced by Intel on November 20, 2000 and shipped
through August 8, 2008. This processor was the successor to the Pentium III
processor.
The first Pentium 4 processor was codenamed Willamette and was capable of
speeds from 2.2 GHz to 3 GHz. To use this processor, a motherboard was required
to have a Socket 423 CPU socket. Future versions of the Pentium 4 processor
included the Northwood and Prescott, using different CPU sockets like Socket 478
and LGA 775. The highest speed Pentium 4 was a Prescott version, clocking in at
3.8 GHz. Laptop versions of the Pentium 4 processor were developed as well,
called the Pentium 4-M and Mobile Pentium 4. These processors used less
wattage when running and generated less heat, both of which were necessities
for use in a laptop.
Hyper-threading technology was also introduced with the Pentium 4 processor.
This technology allowed the single-core processor to act and function like two
logical processors. This helped to increase computing performance and running
more applications on a single computer
A Pentium-4 computer is made up of a case (or chassis) which houses several
important internal components, and provides places to connect the external
components, including non-peripherals.
Inside the case go the following internal parts:
Power Supply / PSU – power supply unit, converts outlet power, which is
alternating current (AC), to direct current (DC) which is required by internal
components, as well as providing appropriate voltages and currents for these
internal components.
Motherboard/ main board – As the name indicates, this is the electronic
centerpiece of the computer: everything else connects to the motherboard.
Processor / CPU – central processing unit, the "brain" of the computer, most
actual computation takes place here.
RAM – random access memory, the "short-term memory" of a computer, used by
the CPU to store program instructions and data upon which it is currently
operating. Data in RAM is lost when the computer is powered off, thus
necessitating a hard drive.
Optional components follow: (Components that depend on the function that will
be given to the machine). 4GB ram was used in this work.
Hard Drive/ Hard Disk – the "long-term memory" of the computer, used for
persistent storage – i.e. the things stored on it remain even when the computer is
powered down. The operating system, and all your programs and data are stored
here. The hard disk used for this work is 500GB hard disk.
Optical Drive – device for reading/writing optical disks. May read CDs, DVDs, or
other optical media, depending on the type. It is essential for installing many
operating systems and programs. It may be able to write some of these discs, as
well. Some people like to have two such drives for copying disks.
Video Card/ Graphics Card / GPU – does processing relating to video output.
Some motherboards have an "onboard" GPU built in so you don’t need (but may
add) a separate video card. Otherwise, you will need a video card. These plug into
a slot on the motherboard and provide a place to connect a monitor to your
computer.
Sound card
On top of the internal components listed above, you will also need these external
components:
Keyboard – for typing on. Many motherboards won't even boot without a
keyboard attached.
Mouse – for pointing and clicking. Unless you chose a text-based operating
system, you will likely want one of these.
Monitor – This is where the pretty pictures go. They come in many forms, the
most common being CRT and LCD. The monitor used is 17” flat monitor
These are the parts that a standard PC will use.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is assembling a complete Pentium-4 computer
with ATX motherboard, 500GB hard disk drive, 2GB RAM and 18.5 inches monitor.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The important of carrying out this particular project as a student is that: This
project has exposed me to the function of a computer system, the hardware
components. It has made it clear for me to know the function of all internal and
external components of the computer system.
The study has exposed me to the history and full meaning of Pentium 4 computer
and its capacity and the uniqueness of Pentium 4 computer.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This work will cover the assembly of a personal computer. The order I used to
assemble in can be changed depending on the circumstance of your build, ie.
Case, CPU cooler, special components, dimension restrictions, newer technology.
The process of assembling your own PC is actually very simple in contrast to most
people’s expectations. Compared to researching part selection, actual assembly is
a much simpler task.
Many prospective builders are often overwhelmed at the idea of assembling their
own PC from scratch. However, over the years, the desktop PC industry has
become quite standardized. It’s almost impossible these days to install the
individual pieces, cables and connectors in the wrong location. Many builders will
often relate the process of assembling a PC to building Lego which can only fit
together in a single way.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Static electricity is the major problem builders used to face, after all, an
invisible threat which has the potential to do damage to delicate and expensive
components is a scary thought. A very commonly asked question is what
precautions can be taken and which are necessary. In truth, the vast majority of
experienced PC builders do not use grounded wrist straps and similar solutions
and simply take basic precautions such as touching a grounded object (for
instance the metal case of a plugged in appliance). However it is of note that ESD
(Electrostatic Discharge) damage does not have to prevent booting or
functionality totally and can cause minor damage which may only be evident as
BSODs (Blue Screens of Death) in very specific circumstances.
A method some builders use is to plug in to the wall (but not switch on) your new
PSU and touch that periodically in order to discharge any static.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION
In addition, students will gain confidence with the components of desk top
and laptop computers by learning the proper procedures for hardware and
software installations, upgrades, and troubleshooting. By the end of the course,
students will b e able to answer the following question:
● What is information technology (IT ) and describe the components of a personal
computer ?
● How can one Protect herself or himself against accidents and injury, protect
equipment from damage, protect data from los s , and protect the environment
from contamination?
● What is the step by step assembly of a desk top computer tower?
● E x plain the purpose of preventive maintenance and identify the elements of
the troubles hooting process
● Explain, install, and navigate an operating s y s tem; upgrade components based
on customer need s and perform preventive maintenance and troubles hooting
1.7 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
When assembling a personal computer, there are a large number of
potentially fatal mistakes a newcomer to computers (and even a veteran) can
make while assembling his or her own system which can lead to damage of the
system, they are as below:
Wrong use of tool and wrong fixing of computer parts which can lead to
overheating or damaging the motherboard. If you want to ensure that you won’t
face overheating, random crashes (resets and the infamous “Blue Screen of
Death”) and performance issues with your PC you should check whether it is
assembled 100% correctly or not.
Internal main power cord: In AT cases it is quite common to have the main power
cord that connects the power supply to the power-on switch in front panel
hanging loose over motherboard, often hindering the heat dissipation and even
contacting the processor fan, causing it to stop running and PC to crash due to
overheating. The ideal would be to lay this cable to the power supply switch by
the right side of the case (facing front of case in upright position), in the upper
part of the frame, and not hanging loose by left side, as it is common to find.
Other loose cables: The same idea applies to all other cables inside the PC, like
the power supply cables and the flat cables used to connect the hard disk drives,
optical drives and floppy disk drives. You should fasten these cables with a cable
holder and put them inside an empty 5 ¼” bay in order to prevent these cables
from blocking the airflow inside the PC and also preventing them to stuck the CPU
fan.
Antistatic foam: Most motherboards come from factory with antistatic foam
(usually pink, white or black) in their packing. Many technicians, when installing
the motherboard to the case, pinch this foam between motherboard and metallic
chassis, thinking that this procedure will avoid that motherboard from touching
the case metallic frame. It happens that this foam holds motherboard-generated
heat, hindering the normal airflow that exists between motherboard and the case
chassis. Therefore, it is quite common that a computer assembled using these
foam crashes or issues random errors, due to the overheating.