PROGRAMMING

Arranged by:

Fikry Nur Zaman (1187050033)

Gunawan Eka Cahya (1187050037)

INFORMATICS ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG

 ABSTRACT

Activities make programs called programming. So programming is a collection of

sequence commands to a computer to do something. These commands require a separate language.
Like human language, a programming language that has certain rules that can be understood by
computers.

Because the program runs automatically, so we certainly do not want an error when the program
is run. So when we understand the meaning of the program, we also need to know that before a
program is implemented in general, the program must be free of errors that can cause errors. In
this case, the program must be tested to find errors that might occur. Errors from programs that
might occur can be classified in several ways. So in summary there are several kinds of errors
that we can avoid.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1
1. Background Issue .............................................................................................................................. 1
2. Problem Identification....................................................................................................................... 1
3. Tujuan pembahasan .......................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 2
What is programming?........................................................................................................................... 2
What is Programming Language?......................................................................................................... 3
What are the various programming languages? .................................................................................. 4
Logic and Algorithms Related to Programming .................................................................................. 6
Debugging Related to Programming ..................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER III FINAL ............................................................................................................................ 7
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 7
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 8

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1. Background Issue
Programming is the process of writing, testing and repairing (debugging), and maintaining
the code that builds a computer program. This code is written in different programming languages.
The purpose of programming is to load a program that can do a calculation or 'work' in accordance
with the wishes of the programmer. To do programming, skills in algorithms, logic, programming
languages are needed, and in many cases, other knowledge such as mathematics.

You can create a program with a programming language that might be different from your
friend's language. It depends on what programming language you master in doing a system
program. With you understand and are able to apply language directly into the program.

2. Problem Identification
a. What is programming?
b. What is Programming Language?
c. What are the various programming languages?

3. Tujuan pembahasan
a. To know what is programming?
b. To know what is Programming Language?
c. To Know what are the various programming languages?

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CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

What is programming?
Understanding the program in my opinion depends on the perspective from which we see it.
For example the understanding of the program according to Binanto (2009: 1), the word program
and programming can be interpreted as follows:
• Describe separate instructions which are usually called source code made by programmers.
• Describe an entire piece of executable software.
According to Wikipedia:
• Programming is the process of writing, testing and repairing (debugging), and maintaining
the code that builds a computer program. This code is written in different programming
languages.
• Programming is an art in using one or more interconnected algorithms by using a particular
programming language so that it becomes a computer program. Different programming
languages support different programming styles. This programming style is commonly
called the programming paradigm.

Activities make programs called programming. So programming is a collection of

sequence commands to a computer to do something. These commands require a separate language.
Like human language, a programming language that has certain rules that can be understood by
computers.

Because the program runs automatically, so we certainly do not want an error when the program
is run. So when we understand the meaning of the program, we also need to know that before a
program is implemented in general, the program must be free of errors that can cause errors. In
this case, the program must be tested to find errors that might occur. Errors from programs that
might occur can be classified in several ways. So in summary there are several kinds of errors that
we can avoid. Errors from programs that might occur can be classified in several ways. So in
summary there are several kinds of errors that we can avoid.
• Language Errors. That is an error or error in writing the source program that is not in
accordance with what has been required.

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 • Run Time Errors. That is an error or error that occurs when the program execution is
executed.
• Logical Errors. That is an error or error from the program logic that is made.

The hope is besides knowing about the meaning of the program, we can also master the making of
programs or programming itself for things that are beneficial for themselves and others.

In programming, of course there are important parts that must be studied or understood, one of
which is the Programming Language.

What is Programming Language?

Programming languages, or often termed computer languages, are standard command /
instruction techniques for governing computers. This programming language is a set of syntax and
semantic rules used to define computer programs. This language allows a programmer to
determine exactly which data will be processed by the computer, how this data will be stored /
forwarded, and what type of steps will be exactly taken in various situations.
Programming Language is a notation used to describe computational processes in a format
that can be read by computers and humans. Computational processes generally Programming
languages == Computers are machines that can implement a set of basic commands (instruction
set). The computer can only be given a command consisting of these basic commands. More
complicated commands (eg sorting an alphabetical list) must be translated into a series of basic
commands that can be understood by the computer (commands that are included in the instruction
set of the computer) which can eventually complete the desired task, even if it is run by some basic
operations, not one complicated operation. A programming language is called Turing Complete if
it can be used to describe all the computations that a Turing Machine can do, which have integer
and arithmetic operators, assignment statements, sequential statements, selection statements, and
iteration statements defined formally using the mathematical concept of a Turing Machine.
Basically the programming language is designed to facilitate communication between humans and
computers.
There are various types of programming languages and types from start that are easy to learn and
which are difficult to learn.

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What are the various programming languages?
According to the level of proximity to computer machines, programming languages consist of:

• Machine Language, which is giving commands to computers using binary language codes,
for example 01100101100110
• Low Level Language, or known as Assembly language, which is giving orders to
computers using short codes (mnemonic codes), for example MOV, SUB, CMP, JMP,
JGE, JL, LOOP, etc.
• Intermediate Language, which is a computer language that uses a mixture of instructions
in human language words (see examples of High Level Languages below) and symbolic
instructions, for example {,}?, <<, >>, &&, || , etc.

High Level Languages, which are computer languages that use instructions derived from elements
of human language words, for example begin, end, if, for, while, and, or, etc.

Most programming languages are classified as High Level Languages, only C languages are
classified as Intermediate Level and Assembly Language which is a Low Level Language.

The following is a list of computer programming languages:

 [[Aro]
 Ada
 ALGOL
 Applescript
 Assembly
 BASIC:
 ASP
 BASIC
 COMAL
 Visual Basic
 Visual Basic for Applications
 VBScript
 Batch (MS-DOS)

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 COBOL
 UNIX shell script:
 Bourne shell (sh) script
 Bourne-Again shell (bash) script
 Korn shell (ksh) script
 C shell (csh) script
 C:
 C++
 C#
 Visual C++
 ColdFusion
 dBase dkk.:
 Clipper
 Foxbase
 Visual FoxPro
 Eiffel
 Fortran
 Go
 Haskell
 Java
 JavaScript
 JSP
 Lisp
 Logo
 Pascal
 Delphi
 Perl
 Prolog
 Python
 PHP

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  Pike
 R
 REXX
 REBOL
 RPG
 Ruby
 Simula
 Smalltalk
 Scheme
 SQL

Logic and Algorithms Related to Programming

Logic and algorithm are two knowledge that become one in subjects or courses. In logic
and algorithm subjects, students are taught to think higher and superior in solving problems.

From there, you can generate a solution that matches logic with the application of
algorithms. In the case of programming, logic and algorithms play a very important role in running
a program. When you are working on a project program, logic and algorithms are responsible for
giving ideas, creations, solutions, and knowledge on how to make a program.

Debugging Related to Programming

Debugging on programming is an important task in developing a device on a program. This
determines whether or not a program is running well when used. The existence of debugging aims
to minimize the occurrence of errors, crashes or not running a program.

Usually when the process of working on an old program is a debugging process compared
to the process of writing the program itself. The bug itself is divided into two, namely "syntax
bugs" and "logical bugs".

Bug syntax is an error caused by the programmer because of writing code errors while
logical bugs are programs running well but not as expected by the programmer. Debug is often
used in programming support programs such as Console, NetBeans, Visual Studio, and Eclipse.

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CHAPTER III FINAL

Conclusion
So programming is a collection of commands to a computer to do something. These
commands require a separate language. Like human language, programming languages have
certain rules that can be understood by computers. According to the level of proximity to computer
machines, programming languages consist of

Machine Language, which is giving commands to computers using binary language codes, for
example 01100101100110.

Low-level language, or known as assembly language, which is giving orders to computers using
short codes (mnemonic codes), for example MOV, SUB, CMP, JMP, JGE, JL, LOOP, etc.

Intermediate Language, which is a computer language that uses a mixture of instructions in human
language words (see examples of High Level Languages below) and symbolic instructions, for
example {,},?, <<, >>, &&, ||, etc.

High Level Languages, which are computer languages that use instructions derived from elements
of human language words, for example begin, end, if, for, while, and, or, etc.

As for some errors during the process or results of programming, for example Language Errors.
That is an error or error in writing the source program that is not in accordance with what has been
required. Run Time Errors. That is an error or error that occurs when the program execution is
executed. Logical Errors. That is an error or error from the program logic that is made.

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 REFERENCES

http://dp4update.blogspot.com/2012/10/pengertian-sejarah-dan-macam-macam.html

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemrograman

https://makinrajin.com/programming-adalah/