Perception 1.18 Desktop PDF
Perception 1.18 Desktop PDF
Digital Energy
Perception Desktop
Transformer Monitoring Software
v1.18
Perception Desktop – Installation & User Guide PDIUG Rev 3.0 7-Jul-15
3.6.4 Close a local database ........................................................................................................................... 28
3.7 Customisation ....................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.7.1 Adding Assets.............................................................................................................................................. 29
3.7.2 Renaming Assets ....................................................................................................................................... 29
3.7.3 Deleting Assets ........................................................................................................................................... 30
3.7.4 Organising Assets ..................................................................................................................................... 30
3.7.5 Adding a Wallboard ................................................................................................................................. 31
3.8 Setting up Asset Properties ............................................................................................................................ 34
3.8.1 Transformer Properties .......................................................................................................................... 34
3.8.2 Workflows ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
3.8.3 Device Properties ...................................................................................................................................... 39
3.8.4 Setting up the Device .............................................................................................................................. 44
3.9 Data Download from Devices through Perception Desktop .......................................................... 44
3.10 Data Download via USB ................................................................................................................................... 45
3.11 Exporting and importing data ....................................................................................................................... 46
3.11.1 Export .............................................................................................................................................................. 47
3.11.2 Import ............................................................................................................................................................. 48
3.12 Downloading Service Logs ............................................................................................................................. 50
3.13 Worksheets ............................................................................................................................................................ 51
3.14 Default Device Charts ....................................................................................................................................... 52
3.15 Trend Chart ............................................................................................................................................................ 52
3.15.1 Create a new Trend Chart..................................................................................................................... 55
3.15.2 Add Measurements to the Chart ....................................................................................................... 56
3.15.3 Remove Measurements from the Chart ........................................................................................ 56
3.15.4 Change Y Scale method......................................................................................................................... 57
3.15.5 Add Annotations ........................................................................................................................................ 58
3.15.6 Rename a Chart ......................................................................................................................................... 59
3.16 Status Tab ............................................................................................................................................................... 60
3.16.1 Rename a Measurement Point ........................................................................................................... 61
3.17 Data Table Tab ..................................................................................................................................................... 61
3.18 Rate of Change Alarm ....................................................................................................................................... 63
3.19 Total Dissolved Combustible Gases (TDCG) Chart ............................................................................... 65
3.20 Key Gas .................................................................................................................................................................... 66
3.21 Gas Ratios ............................................................................................................................................................... 67
3.22 Transfix Ratio Alarm Trending ....................................................................................................................... 69
Perception Desktop – Installation & User Guide PDIUG Rev 3.0 7-Jul-15
3.23 Duval’s Triangle .................................................................................................................................................... 70
3.24 Japanese ETRA Charts ...................................................................................................................................... 72
3.25 Models....................................................................................................................................................................... 73
3.25.1 General Controls ........................................................................................................................................ 76
3.26 BMT 300 Polar Charts ........................................................................................................................................ 77
3.26.1 Intellix BMT 300 ‘Bushing Monitor’ Tab Polar Charts ............................................................... 77
3.26.2 Intellix BMT 300 ‘Partial Discharge’ Tab Polar Charts .............................................................. 83
3.27 Transformer Status Report ............................................................................................................................. 85
3.28 Workflow Scheduler ........................................................................................................................................... 90
3.29 Launching External Applications ................................................................................................................. 91
Appendix A Installing the TRANSPORT X driver in Windows 7 ...................................................................... 95
Appendix B Database mappings for import and export .............................................................................. 105
Appendix C Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................................... 124
Appendix D PGA Diagnostic Error codes and Status Flags ......................................................................... 126
Appendix E Model Descriptions ................................................................................................................................ 129
Appendix F Offline DGA & Oil Quality Workflow ............................................................................................... 140
Contact details & Copyright statement ..................................................................................................................... 153
Table of Figures
Figure 1—1: License expiry notification ........................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 1—2: License warning indicator ............................................................................................................................ 5
Figure 1—3: Help menu............................................................................................................................................................ 6
Figure 1—4: Fleet Summary dialog .................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2—1: Welcome to the Perception Desktop Setup Wizard ........................................................................ 8
Figure 2—2: End-User License Agreement ..................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2—3: Select Installation Folder............................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2—4: Confirm Installation ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2—5: Installing Perception Desktop.................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 2—6: Installation Complete................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 2—7: Connect to an existing database ........................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2—8: Login .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 2—9: Configure a Server Connection............................................................................................................... 13
Figure 2—10: Enter Discovery Server ............................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 2—11: List of Perception databases ................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 2—12: Configure Options....................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2—13: Server Configuration Complete ........................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2—14: Login prompt................................................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 2—15: New Database option ............................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 2—16: Save the local database .......................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 2—17: New local database ................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 2—18: Upgrade Local Database Format ....................................................................................................... 18
Figure 2—19: Server certificate not trusted ................................................................................................................ 19
Perception Desktop – Installation & User Guide PDIUG Rev 3.0 7-Jul-15
Figure 2—20: Client certificate not trusted .................................................................................................................. 19
Figure 3—1: Perception Desktop main screen........................................................................................................... 21
Figure 3—2: Area wallboard example........................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 3—3: Fleet overview ................................................................................................................................................. 23
Figure 3—4: Transformer Dashboard ............................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 3—5: Ranking............................................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 3—6: Risk and ranking history ............................................................................................................................. 25
Figure 3—7: Database Connect option ......................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 3—8: Perception database login ........................................................................................................................ 26
Figure 3—9: Disconnect from Perception Server...................................................................................................... 27
Figure 3—10: Open local database ................................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 3—11: Local databases .......................................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 3—12: Close a local database ............................................................................................................................. 28
Figure 3—13: New assets ..................................................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 3—14: Rename an asset ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Figure 3—15: Delete an asset ............................................................................................................................................ 30
Figure 3—16: Confirm Delete ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Figure 3—17: Confirm Move ............................................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 3—18: Asset Explorer drag and drop ............................................................................................................... 31
Figure 3—19: Wallboard ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 3—20: An example wallboard ............................................................................................................................. 32
Figure 3—21: Display options............................................................................................................................................. 33
Figure 3—22: Fully configured wallboard .................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 3—23: Transformer properties ............................................................................................................................ 35
Figure 3—24: Transformer name ..................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 3—25: Main Transformer Details ....................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 3—26: Bushings .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 3—27: Voltage Sides ................................................................................................................................................ 36
Figure 3—28: Compartments ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Figure 3—29: Criticality Details .......................................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 3—30: Workflow Associations ............................................................................................................................. 38
Figure 3—31: Device Properties ........................................................................................................................................ 39
Figure 3—32: Identity ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
Figure 3—33: Communications ......................................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 3—34: Auto-Download............................................................................................................................................ 41
Figure 3—35: Auto-Export.................................................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 3—36: Email.................................................................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 3—37: Device Connection ..................................................................................................................................... 43
Figure 3—38: Setup ................................................................................................................................................................. 44
Figure 3—39: Download ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 3—40: Download progress ................................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 3—41: TransConnect ............................................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 3—42: Export options .............................................................................................................................................. 47
Figure 3—43: Device export options ............................................................................................................................... 47
Figure 3—44: Save as a CSV file ........................................................................................................................................ 48
Figure 3—45: Import a file.................................................................................................................................................... 48
Figure 3—46: Open a CSV file ............................................................................................................................................. 49
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Figure 3—47: Download Service Logs - Network ..................................................................................................... 50
Figure 3—48: Download Service Logs - USB............................................................................................................... 50
Figure 3—49: Worksheet tabs............................................................................................................................................ 51
Figure 3—50: Dissolved gas trend analysis ................................................................................................................. 53
Figure 3—51: Format Plot .................................................................................................................................................... 53
Figure 3—52: Chart options ................................................................................................................................................ 54
Figure 3—53: Zoom plot........................................................................................................................................................ 55
Figure 3—54: Create a new Trend Chart ...................................................................................................................... 55
Figure 3—55: Add measurements to the trend chart ............................................................................................ 56
Figure 3—56: Remove measurements from the trend chart ............................................................................. 57
Figure 3—57: Change Y Scale method .......................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 3—58: Add annotations .......................................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 3—59: Example annotation .................................................................................................................................. 59
Figure 3—60: Rename a trend chart .............................................................................................................................. 59
Figure 3—61: Device Status tab ........................................................................................................................................ 60
Figure 3—62: Rename a measurement point ............................................................................................................ 61
Figure 3—63: Data Table - add parameters ............................................................................................................... 61
Figure 3—64: Data sample with colour coding ......................................................................................................... 62
Figure 3—65: Data table tooltip ........................................................................................................................................ 62
Figure 3—66: Example Rate of Change e-mail alert ............................................................................................... 63
Figure 3—67: ROC settings in TransConnect .............................................................................................................. 64
Figure 3—68: TDCG Chart .................................................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 3—69: Key Gas graphical displays .................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 3—70: Gas Ratios tab .............................................................................................................................................. 67
Figure 3—71: IEEE C57.104 version of Gas Ratios .................................................................................................... 68
Figure 3—72 Ratios Table display for Gas Ratios ..................................................................................................... 69
Figure 3—73: Ratios Trend Graph .................................................................................................................................... 69
Figure 3—74: Custom ratio trend plot............................................................................................................................ 70
Figure 3—75: Duval's Triangle............................................................................................................................................ 71
Figure 3—76: Other versions of Duval's Triangle ...................................................................................................... 72
Figure 3—77: ETRA displays ................................................................................................................................................ 73
Figure 3—78: Example of a Model display ................................................................................................................... 75
Figure 3—79: Example of deselecting a parameter ................................................................................................ 76
Figure 3—80: Gauge Representation - examples .................................................................................................... 77
Figure 3—81: Intellix BMT 300 Polar Charts ................................................................................................................ 78
Figure 3—82: Intellix BMT 300 Polar Charts - controls ........................................................................................... 78
Figure 3—83: Zoomed-In Bushing Monitor polar Chart ........................................................................................ 79
Figure 3—84: Bushing Monitor display options ......................................................................................................... 79
Figure 3—85: Histogram (left) and Polar view (right)............................................................................................... 80
Figure 3—86: Toggle charts ................................................................................................................................................ 80
Figure 3—87: Bushing monitor polar chart - alarms .............................................................................................. 81
Figure 3—88: Trend chart for Power factor and Alarms ....................................................................................... 82
Figure 3—89: Return to Polar view .................................................................................................................................. 82
Figure 3—90: Partial Discharge type Polar charts ................................................................................................... 83
Figure 3—91: Partial Discharge display options ....................................................................................................... 84
Figure 3—92: Toggle charts ................................................................................................................................................ 84
Figure 3—93: Trend chart from a Polar Discharge Polar chart ......................................................................... 84
Perception Desktop – Installation & User Guide PDIUG Rev 3.0 7-Jul-15
Figure 3—94: Return to Polar view .................................................................................................................................. 84
Figure 3—95: Transformer Status report context menu ....................................................................................... 85
Figure 3—96: Report Configuration Wizard ................................................................................................................ 85
Figure 3—97: Report Configuration Wizard - populated ...................................................................................... 86
Figure 3—98: Report Configuration Wizard – custom trend chart .................................................................. 87
Figure 3—99: Transformer Status Report..................................................................................................................... 88
Figure 3—100: Tools menu .................................................................................................................................................. 90
Figure 3—101: Workflow Scheduler dialog ................................................................................................................. 90
Figure 3—102: Workflow Scheduler enabled ............................................................................................................. 90
Figure 3—103 External Tools Menu Option ................................................................................................................. 91
Figure 3—104: External Tools dialog .............................................................................................................................. 91
Figure 3—105: External Tools dialog – after clicking ‘Add’ .................................................................................. 92
Figure 3—106: External Tools – Notepad example.................................................................................................. 92
Figure 3—107: External Tools – Notepad example with an argument .......................................................... 93
Figure 3—108: Tools Menu option with Notepad added to external tools .................................................. 93
Figure 3—109: Deleting an External Tool ..................................................................................................................... 94
Figure 3—110: Tools Menu with Notepad removed................................................................................................ 94
Figure A—1: Validation .......................................................................................................................................................... 95
Figure A—2: Download .......................................................................................................................................................... 96
Figure A—3: Security Warning ........................................................................................................................................... 96
Figure A—4: Browser Security Warning ........................................................................................................................ 96
Figure A—5: Installation dialogs ....................................................................................................................................... 97
Figure A—6: Unsuccessful device driver installation .............................................................................................. 97
Figure A—7: Control Panel ................................................................................................................................................... 98
Figure A—8: Devices and Printers .................................................................................................................................... 99
Figure A—9: Device Manager ............................................................................................................................................. 99
Figure A—10: Device Manager – Update Driver Software ................................................................................ 100
Figure A—11: Update Driver Software - Kelman Transport X ......................................................................... 100
Figure A—12: Browse for driver software ................................................................................................................. 101
Figure A—13: Choose the device type ........................................................................................................................ 101
Figure A—14: Select the device driver ........................................................................................................................ 102
Figure A—15: Update driver warning .......................................................................................................................... 102
Figure A—16: Installation progress bar ...................................................................................................................... 103
Figure A—17: Driver update complete........................................................................................................................ 103
Figure A—18: Successful connection .......................................................................................................................... 104
Figure D—1: PGA diagnostic information .................................................................................................................. 126
Figure F—1: Main Transformer Details ....................................................................................................................... 141
Figure F—2: Workflow Associations ............................................................................................................................. 142
Figure F—3: Inhibitor Concentration............................................................................................................................ 145
Figure F—4: Total PCB concentration.......................................................................................................................... 146
List of Tables
Table 1—1: Tier scores .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Table 1—2: Device scores ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Table 3—1: Examples illustrating scheduling using Cron values ...................................................................... 42
Table 3—2: Export options ................................................................................................................................................... 47
Table 3—3: Charts per device ............................................................................................................................................ 52
Perception Desktop – Installation & User Guide PDIUG Rev 3.0 7-Jul-15
Table B—1: Database Mappings.................................................................................................................................... 105
Table D—1: PGA Error codes ............................................................................................................................................ 127
Table D—2: PGA Status flags ........................................................................................................................................... 128
Table F—1: CSV fields .......................................................................................................................................................... 140
Perception Desktop – Installation & User Guide PDIUG Rev 3.0 7-Jul-15
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Perception Desktop
1.1 Overview
Perception is a software product designed to assist power plant personnel in the
maintenance and management of oil insulated equipment used for the transmission
and distribution of electrical power. It is used primarily for diagnosing fault conditions as
well as trending measurements taken from transformers, circuit breakers and tap-
changers.
The software uses data from either manual or automated programs of regular
sampling and condition analysis for insulating oil equipment as well as other
performance data. A number of well-established and recognized empirical diagnostic
rules are used to present information to the user on the condition of insulating oil used
in electrical equipment. This can aid the user in the running of a maintenance
programme and in the identification of potential fault conditions.
Although Perception is an expert analysis and information system, it is only an aid and
should not be regarded as a replacement for the knowledge of someone who is an
expert in the analysis of insulating oil used in electrical equipment and the operation of
oil filled power equipment.
Perception Desktop
A standalone software application that provides customized access to the
centrally located asset database. It provides advanced diagnostic profiles on
device data, a one page transformer report containing key transformer
information as well as the facility to launch external applications. Additionally,
Perception Desktop can operate standalone or as part of a larger centralized
asset management suite in conjunction with Perception Server.
Perception Server
The pinnacle of transformer asset management software. Perception Server
provides a fleet wide network overview via a wallboard display, automatic data
downloading with configurable scheduling, email notifications of device
condition changes and a TOA4 data export facility. It uses a centralized data
storage location utilizing SQL Server to which Perception Desktop links
seamlessly via secure OPC UA communications.
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Perception Web
A web-based solution that provides read-only access to the centrally located
asset database. This offers a convenient way to obtain readings and
consolidated data analysis across a variety of platforms including mobile
devices. This includes transformer dashboards, wallboards and an overview to
the status of the entire transformer fleet.
Perception Workflow Designer
The workflow designer uses common flowcharting techniques to express
transformer diagnostic processes as a model. These models are known as
workflows and in turn are used to drive the Perception dashboard. The Designer
brings easily modifiable workflow-enabled capabilities to the Perception
software suite allowing you to customize the diagnostic process and determine
how data is presented on the Perception dashboard.
Note: Perception Express is no longer available and should be removed since Perception Desktop includes
all of this functionality and more.
Note: If upgrading to v1.18 Perception Desktop/Server from an earlier version, please contact GE Support
before commencing as depending upon the size and complexity of the existing database, a service visit
may be required to make the transition.
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1.4 Desktop Features
Perception Desktop offers the following:
Can be used as a stand-alone application or as a client application in a large
centralized Perception Server environment
Wallboard facility gives an overview to the entire fleet
Trend graphs for any measured parameters, including polar charts for Bushing
Monitors and Partial Discharge (Intellix BMT 300)
Current status and data history displays
Configure the data upload frequency from remote monitors
Pre-set trend and diagnostic graphs for dissolved gases
User-configurable trend graphs for any monitored parameters
Gas Ratio trend charts
Pre-set fault monitoring displays utilising Gas ratios (IEC60599 & IEEE C57.104,
Transformer Condition, Rogers Ratio and Doernenburg Ratio), Duval’s triangles
and Japanese ETRA standards
One page transformer report facility that provides an overview to key
information on a transformer’s condition based on the dissolved gas
measurement analysis and user input
Intellix MO150 & Hydran M2 models
Facility to launch external applications from within Perception Desktop
Memory: 1 Gb RAM
Graphics Card: 64 MB graphics, update to the latest driver for your hardware to
ensure that it can provide all the facilities of NET Framework 4.5
Note: Windows 8 does not enable Microsoft .NET 3.5 features by default. However, all Perception installers
require .NET 3.5, so you will be prompted to enable it.
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1.6 Terminology
Perception Specific
KPD file suffix for a Perception Database file (stored in a SQL format)
TOA file suffix for a device configuration file (stored in a CSV format)
General
The weighting scores for each type of device are listed in Table 1—2.
Table 1—2: Device scores
Device Weighting Score
Offline 1
201Ti 2
HydranM2 3
MO150 4
MiniTrans 4
Transfix 5
BMT300 5
DualTrans 6
TapTrans 6
MultiTrans 6
Transfix Plus 6
TMS 7
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You can add any number of devices and assets within the limits set by the Perception
fleet license tier. To add further devices or assets requires a license upgrade — contact
Customer Support.
Note: Customers on an existing annual fleet licensing agreement can add assets and devices beyond the
limits set by the new license tier. However, once the annual fleet license agreement expires, the license
tier is recalculated and may require an upgrade to service all devices.
Note: When connected to Perception Server, the Fleet Summary window becomes available in Perception
Desktop and provides details on the Perception license tier including expiry date and a summary of the
devices and assets that have been added to the database.
A yellow warning icon also appears in the lower right corner of the application window
with a tooltip when you rest the mouse pointer over it as shown in Figure 1—2.
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Perception Server restricts functionality after license expiration. The following features
are disabled:
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1.8 Customer Support
E-mail: [email protected]
Worldwide: 1-514-339-2801
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CHAPTER 2
Installing and Configuring Perception Desktop
2.1 Overview
There are three main steps to installing and setting up Perception Desktop:
Install the Perception Desktop software on your PC. Note: It is advisable to use
Windows Update to check that your PC is running an up-to-date version of the ‘.NET Framework’
before launching the Perception Desktop installer.
Activate the software Note: This requires registering your company details with GE Digital
Energy to obtain an activation code that allows Perception Desktop to run.
Set up the connections to the Perception databases or Perception Server. Note: If
you install TRANSPORT X software on your PC, you can also incorporate data from the
TRANSPORT X portable range.
Note: The Installation CD contains other setup programs, so ensure you select the correct installer.
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If the License Agreement is acceptable, select I accept the terms in the License
Agreement and click Next as shown in Figure 2—2.
Browse to select the installation folder or accept the default folder and click Next to
continue as shown in Figure 2—3.
Note: If your PC is shared with other users, you can choose to install Perception Desktop for use under
your login account only, or for all user accounts of the PC.
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Click Next to start the installation, Back to backtrack and change some of the
selections, or Cancel to quit the process entirely, as shown in Figure 2—4.
If you click Next, then the installation commences and a progress bar indicates the
progress so far as shown in Figure 2—5. The installation may take some minutes.
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The Setup Wizard completes the installation and presents the following message as
shown in Figure 2—6. Click Finish to exit.
TRANSPORT X: the data storage software supplied with the portable TRANSPORT
X products. It is used to read the data from the portable devices. Perception
Desktop can automatically interface with the TRANSPORT X software to
incorporate that data into the main Perception database. To do so, the
TRANSPORT X device must previously be installed on your PC. See the
TRANSPORT X device manual for details and Appendix A for installation details.
Intellix BMT 300: the software used to configure and monitor Intellix BMT 300
devices.
TransCom: the software used by Perception to support Transfix 1.0/1.5 devices.
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2.3.1 Perception Server ports
Perception Server requires the following ports to be opened:
1433 TCP (to allow the client to connect with the SQL Server)
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The ‘Login’ dialog box as shown in Figure 2—8 allows you to specify the connection
details. Click the (…) browse button to configure the server connection.
The ‘Configure a Server Connection’ wizard opens as shown in Figure 2—9 and is
designed to assist you with the configuration. Click Next to proceed.
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Type the Discovery IP Address or Discovery hostname and click Next as shown in Figure
2—10.
The-Server Name
The Discovery Server lists all Perception Server databases that it finds as shown in
Figure 2—11. Select the database that you wish to establish a connection with and click
Next.
urn:servrname:Perception.Server.AAA-123ABCD
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The ‘Configure Options’ step of the wizard then invites you to confirm the security
settings for the connection. Figure 2—12 shows the default security settings — make
any changes if required and click Next. Note: Consult with your network administrator to confirm
if any of these settings should be changed.
A confirmation message displays the chosen settings and indicates that the server
configuration is now complete as shown in Figure 2—13. Click Finish to proceed.
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You are returned to the Login prompt as shown in Figure 2—14. Choose the
Authentication method to be associated with this connection, and finally, enter the user
name and password and click OK.
The serveraddress/PerceptionServer
When connecting for the first time, you will also need to ensure that the respective
certificate on both the client and server are trusted. See Section 2.4.3 for trusting the
Server certificate and speak to your System Administrator for trusting the client
certificate.
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In the Create New dialog, navigate to the save location, enter a name for the local
database file and click Save as shown in Figure 2—16.
Note: The file type is a Perception Desktop File using the file extension “.kpd”.
The new database is represented in the Asset Explorer pane of Perception Desktop as
shown in Figure 2—17. See Section 3.7 for methods of adding data to the local
database.
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2.4.3 Connect to an older version KPD local database (for the first
time)
When you open an older Perception local database* for the first time (i.e. after
upgrading to v1.18); it will be upgraded to the v1.18 format. You will be prompted as
shown in Figure 2—18.
*Note: This is not suitable for SEI files from Perception 0. For details of how to upgrade an SEI database,
please contact [email protected] or a GE technical engineer.
If you click Yes the local database is upgraded to Perception v1.18 format. A progress
bar indicates progress, but it can take considerable time depending on the database
size. If you click No the Load operation is aborted.
Note: The upgraded database can no longer be read by previous versions of Perception. During the
upgrade process, a backup copy is created in the original format, but using “3325” as the file extension
instead of ‘.kpd’ (this number represents the original database schema version number.) If you wish to use
this database for historical/archival reasons, then it can be read into a previous Perception version.
Before attempting to do so, change the database filename, or move its location and change its file
extension back to ‘.kpd’.
When you try and connect a Perception Desktop client to the server for the first time,
the connection will be rejected as shown in Figure 2—19.
Note: With every attempted connection, the Server’s certificate is automatically copied to the client’s
rejected folder and the client’s certificate is automatically copied to the server’s rejected folder.
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Figure 2—19: Server certificate not trusted
This is because the client does not trust the server. To trust the server certificate, the
certificate must be moved from the client’s rejected certificate store and added to the
client’s trusted certificate store.
To do this, open File Manager and navigate to the rejected folder at this location:
C:\ProgramData\GE_Energy\Perception\RejectedCertificates
Perception.Desktop.<computer name>[key].der
Where <computer name> is the computer name of the server, and [key] is the public
certificate key.
C:\ProgramData\GE_Energy\Perception\TrustedCertificates\certs
When you try to connect again you will get another connection error as shown in Figure
2—20.
This is because the server does not trust the client. To trust the client certificate, the
certificate must be moved from the server’s rejected certificate store and added to the
server’s trusted certificate store.
Note: Contact your Server Administrator to have the relevant steps taken on the Server side.
All these steps must be performed after every first connection attempt of a new user
and so requires both client user and Server Administrator to move the respective
certificate to the “trusted folder” on their respective machine in order to establish a
trusted relationship and thereby permit communication.
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CHAPTER 3
Using Perception Desktop
3.1 Introduction
Perception Desktop connects to a database that contains the sampling data from your
monitoring devices. The database can be stored on your PC (known as a ‘local’
database), or stored at a remote location when used in conjunction with Perception
Server (known as a ‘network’ database).
When used in conjunction with Perception Server, there are three user roles:
Observer: You have ‘read-only’ permissions, so can view the data for any of the
devices in any of the available screens, but cannot make any changes to the
data or device settings.
Supervisor: You have full ‘read-write’ permissions, so can alter device settings
including deletion of a device.
Architect: You have all the Supervisor permissions plus the rights to manipulate
workflows including scheduling workflows.
Note: A user of a local database always has full permissions for that database.
The User role for network databases is controlled by the Administrator of Perception
Server. A Supervisor or Architect role can make changes that affect all users of the
database. In particular, they can alter the data upload schedule, change the device
hierarchy and delete devices and data. Therefore it’s important to restrict the
assignment of such roles to those that actually require this functionality and can be
trusted with these permissions.
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3.2 Screen layout
The main parts of the Perception Desktop screen are shown in Figure 3—1:
Each node in the tree represents an asset (denoted by the type of icon). Click a side
right-pointing arrow to expand a node and reveal its hierarchy as shown in Figure 3—1.
Typically an ‘Area’ sits at the top of the hierarchy, while a ‘monitoring device’ sits at the
bottom of the hierarchy.
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Click a node to see the details in the data area as shown in Figure 3—1. For example,
GE_Trans_Gen_14A, is the active node denoted by the highlighting around it.
Note: A Supervisor role (or higher) allows you to create, move and delete assets and devices.
Note: The device status is reproduced up the asset tree so that the related Transformer, Substation and
Area also reflect the status of its worst subordinate device.
The relevant data for the selected node is displayed across a set of tabs (denoted by the
red border in Figure 3—1). The number and type of tabs vary according to the node.
Note: To remove a tab, click the ‘X’ on a tab. However, it can be restored via the View menu. However, a
custom display tab can only be recreated manually. See Section 3.15.1.
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Figure 3—2: Area wallboard example
If used in conjunction with Perception Server, a wallboard becomes a really useful way
to continuously monitor assets, for example, in a control room scenario. Perception
Server facilitates a dynamic picture that updates as the condition of the assets change
during automatic data download. See Section 0 for more information on setting up a
wallboard.
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3.4 Transformer Dashboard
If you select a Transformer, a Dashboard tab appears in the tabbed list. Select the
Dashboard tab to display a page with useful information summarising the
measurement data and ranking history for an individual transformer via two sub tabs –
‘Devices Summary’ and ‘Ranking Graph’, as shown in Figure 3—4.
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Figure 3—5: Ranking
Note: Rest your mouse on any transformer to reveal its actual health index.
To review the Risk and Ranking history for an individual transformer, select the
transformer followed by the Dashboard tab. Then select the Ranking Graph tab as
shown in Figure 3—6. Rest your mouse pointer on any data point for more information.
Note: Data points may refer to ‘EPRI’ (Electrical Power Research Institute).
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3.6 Database Connections
Perception Desktop allows the user to connect to a Perception Server database or to a
local database.
Note: You can only be connected to one database at a time. To connect to another database requires
disconnecting from the current database.
Note: For more details on the advantages of upgrading to a Perception Server database, please contact a
GE sales representative.
The ‘Login’ dialog box displays as shown in Figure 3—8 with the Server field populated
with the Perception Server if you have connected previously.
Note: If the Server field is not populated or if you wish to change it, see Section 2.4.1.
Enter your assigned User name and Password, and click OK.
Note: If you have forgotten your user name and/or password, contact your System Administrator.
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Alternatively, if the Administrator has enabled anonymous access, you can sign on as
an ‘Anonymous’ user without the need for a user name or password (but with
corresponding Observer status i.e. read-only permissions.) This is accessed via the
“Authentication” dropdown menu.
Note: If you receive a connection error relating to trusting certificates, see Section 2.4.3.
This action closes the connection to the Perception Server database and thereby clears
the Asset Explorer of all assets.
This displays a list of local databases (those with the ‘kpd’ file extension), for example, as
shown in Figure 3—11.
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Figure 3—11: Local databases
Select the local database that you wish to open and click Open.
This closes the local database and clears the Asset Explorer of all assets.
3.7 Customisation
The Asset Explorer within Perception Desktop is used to visualise the network of
transformers and devices being monitored, and can be configured to display a
hierarchy of areas, substations, transformers and devices. This Section covers the
customization of the Asset Explorer.
Note: If used in conjunction with Perception Server, you need “Supervisor” status or above to effect
change within the Asset Explorer. Those changes will then be visible to all other users of the database at
the next refresh (normally within a few seconds).
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3.7.1 Adding Assets
To add an asset to the Asset Explorer, right click on the database node, or asset node
under which the new asset will sit and select New as shown in Figure 3—13, then select
an asset to add. You have the option of adding a new Area, Substation, Transformer,
or Device.
The new asset is added to the top of the Asset Explorer. You should now complete the
properties of the asset via the Properties tab.
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3.7.3 Deleting Assets
To delete an asset, right click on it and select Delete as shown in Figure 3—15.
Warning: This action will delete the asset from the database entirely, including all data
downloaded from that device.
Warning: The deletion of an asset will also delete all its subordinate assets. If you are
reorganising the hierarchy into new groupings, ensure that you move all of the
subordinate assets to new areas within the Asset Explorer before the deletion of a
grouping.
Before the asset is deleted, you must confirm your action as shown in Figure 3—16.
Click Yes to delete the asset or No to cancel the operation.
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To move an asset, rest the mouse pointer over the asset, then click and hold the left
mouse button. Drag the asset to its new position in the Asset Hierarchy before releasing
the left mouse button.
Before the asset is moved, you must confirm your action as shown in Figure 3—17.
Select Yes to move the asset or No to cancel the operation.
In the example shown in Figure 3—17, the asset “SubStation1” has been moved from
the same level as “Area1” to a subordinate level under “Area1” (denoted by the
indentation).
To add a wallboard, select an Area, Substation or Transformer in the Asset Explorer and
from the menu bar, select View > New > Wallboard as shown in Figure 3—19.
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The Open File dialog displays for you to browse to the location and select the image
that you wish to use. A new Wallboard tab then appears in the list of tabs. The chosen
image is displayed at minimum zoom within the workspace on the right along with
randomly placed subordinate assets for you to position as required.
It is highly recommended that the resolution of the image file used matches the display
resolution of the monitor that the wallboard will run on. For example, if the monitor
displaying the wallboard has a resolution of 1920x1080, then the image file used should
also have the same resolution.
To drag the map in any direction, left click while the mouse pointer is within the
map.
To zoom in and out, use the scroll wheel while the mouse pointer is within the
map.
To drag the asset to a new location, left click while the mouse pointer is over the
asset location icon. Note: The mouse pointer changes to a hand.
A useful way to distinguish assets is to change the icon used to depict the asset
location. Right click while resting the mouse pointer over the asset location icon
and choose from a circle or a square.
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For other display options as shown in Figure 3—21, right click on the map.
o Dialogs: Each asset has a titled information dialog that lists all attached
monitoring devices and corresponding statuses. This option allows you to
show or hide all asset dialogs. A single dialog box can also be manipulated
independently as follows:
To show or hide a dialog box, double click its asset location icon.
To change the size of a dialog box, rest the mouse pointer over the
lower-right corner symbol of the dialog box (the mouse pointer
changes to a double-headed arrow) and then left click-and-drag to
resize.
To move a dialog box, left click-and-drag the dialog box. Note: A dashed
connecting line indicates the relevant asset location icon.
To change the dialog box title, right click and choose Edit title.
To view the ranking details, right click and choose Ranking.
Note: The size and position of the dialog boxes are retained.
o Change map file…:: allows you to browse for a new map file.
o Legend: toggles the display of the legend for the asset status.
o Show time: toggles the display of the current time and date.
o Full screen: shows the wallboard in full screen mode. To revert to normal
display, press Escape or right click and select Exit full screen.
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A fully configured Wallboard in full screen mode is shown in Figure 3—22.
If the condition of any of the monitoring devices change to reflect an alarm, service or
bad sample condition, this will be denoted by a change in the icon colour of that
particular device. This will also be reflected up the asset hierarchy with the wallboard
asset location icon changing colour to match the status of the device that shows the
worst result. This helps alert the user to a problem in that area, substation or
transformer at the earliest opportunity.
Note: In conjunction with Perception Server, the wallboard dynamically changes to reflect condition
updates if the monitoring devices are configured with automatic download schedules.
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The Properties tab is used to configure the transformer. Since transformers do not have
data that can be automatically downloaded, the transformer information has to be
manually entered.
o Transformer Name
The Transformer Name is a free text field where you can change the default
name and enter more descriptive text as shown in Figure 3—24.
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Figure 3—25: Main Transformer Details
Scroll to the right to enter primary and secondary Bushing details as shown in
Figure 3—26.
o Voltage Sides
The Voltage Sides section as shown in Figure 3—27 allows information on the
transformer’s Voltage Sides to be stored in the database. To add a Side to the
description, click the Add button.
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o Compartments
The Compartments section as shown in Figure 3—28 allows information on the
transformer’s compartments to be stored in the database. To add a
Compartment to the description, click the Add button. To remove a
Compartment, click on the compartment line to be removed and click the
Remove button.
o Criticality Details
The Criticality Details section as shown in Figure 3—29 allows additional
information to be stored about the transformer, such as its physical location and
the availability of spare parts. These properties may be unique critical factors or
more general transformer characteristics or observations, but nonetheless could
have a bearing on risk. The Criticality Details are used by the fleet ranking
algorithms for a better risk assessment and more accurate transformer
rankings.
o Workflow Associations
The Workflow Associations section as shown in Figure 3—30 contains settings
that are applied at the workflow level. The top line fields control how the
Criticality Details influence the calculations. The default is to use an ‘Auto
criticality calculation’, but this can be changed to any percentage (0-100%). The
bottom field specifies the workflow associated with the transformer and the
weighting of that workflow on the transformer calculations. Note: Click ‘Remove’ to
remove a workflow association. The Ranking Influence field allows you to control the
magnitude of effect that the transformer measurement parameters have on the
data analysis through a sliding five-point scale. The default is ‘Normal’, but you
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can also minimize the effect by selecting ‘Extra Rough’ or maximize the effect by
selecting ‘Extra Sensitive’.
The next step is to add the monitoring devices that are associated with the transformer.
See Section 3.7.1 and Section 3.8.3.
Note: Transformer measurement data can also be imported via a TOA formatted CSV file (See Section
3.11).
3.8.2 Workflows
The following workflows are available:
For more information on workflows, see the Perception Workflow Designer manual.
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3.8.3 Device Properties
When a device is selected in the Asset Explorer (E.g. a Transfix 1.6), the data area to the
right lists all the tabbed pages (on the bottom) of which the Properties tab is first as
shown in Figure 3—31. The Properties tab is used to configure the device.
Note: If used in conjunction with Perception Server, ‘Supervisor’ status or higher is required to change
device properties.
The Properties tab contains a number of sections, which are explained below:
3.8.3.1 Identity
The Identity section details the identity of the device. It contains two read-only fields as
shown in Figure 3—32:
Device Type: The device type is defined by the type of asset added using the
Asset Explorer (see Section 3.7.1).
Serial Number: The serial number is populated when the first download is
performed from the device.
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3.8.3.2 Communications
Note: When used in conjunction with Perception Server, you specify the communications with the device
here. Perception Server downloads the monitoring data, but Perception Desktop is the controlling
application used to specify all the configuration parameters.
Media: Defines what type of connection is used to connect with the device.
Available options are:
o Network
This adds two additional fields:
o Modem
This adds one additional field:
o Serial
This adds eight additional fields:
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If a Hydran M2 or Intellix MO150 device is selected, an additional Protocol
field appears on the Properties worksheet:
Note: For Hydran devices, the Media field displays after you select the Protocol. Serial refers to a USB or
RS-485 connection.
Note: A default value is created in this field when you select the “Media” type.
3.8.3.3 Auto-Download
When used in conjunction with Perception Server, the Auto-Download section becomes
available in the device Properties as shown in Figure 3—34.
Note: A local database permits only manual downloads. See Section 3.9.
The Auto-Download section allows the connection and downloading from devices to be
automatically scheduled. The schedule settings are unique to the device allowing a
simultaneous download to be scheduled.
o “0” means “at the top of” e.g. if used in the hour field, then “at the top of the
hour”.
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o “*” means “every” e.g. if used in the hour field, then “every hour”.
Table 3—1 shows some example Cron values used in Perception scheduling and
the corresponding meaning in terms of the expected download result.
Table 3—1: Examples illustrating scheduling using Cron values
3.8.3.4 Auto-Export
When used in conjunction with Perception Server, the Auto-Export option becomes
available in the device Properties page as shown in Figure 3—35.
You can enable the auto export to occur at scheduled intervals. The Perception Server
export table is empty by default, which results in the use of the default Perception
export format. To define a custom CSV format, you must define the export table with
appropriate mappings for the data using the Perception Server Configuration Tool. See
Section 3.11. The data is automatically exported to the following location:
C:\Windows\ProgramData\GE_Energy\Perception
3.8.3.5 Email
When used in conjunction with Perception Server, e-mail notification options become
available in the device Properties page as shown in Figure 3—36.
Note: This is device specific, so if you need to be on the distribution email list for a number of devices, you
should complete this field for all of the required devices.
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Notification E-Mail Address: defines the email address of the person who
receives condition alerts or communication issue notification emails for that
device. To add more than one e-mail address to the list, separate the addresses
with “;“. If on subsequent data downloads the condition of the device changes or
Perception Server fails to communicate with the device, an automatic email is
generated and sent to the recipients specified in this field.
Expert E-mail Address: (if enabled in Perception Server) defines the email
address of the person who receives enhanced alarm notification emails. The e-
mail is a comprehensive account of a transformer’s details so that any expert
within or outside the organisation has all the necessary detail at hand. This
includes transformer nameplate details, triggered alarm information for High
High, Low Low, Digital Alarms and ROC alarms. It also includes ambient
temperature, top oil temperature and load currents information. A CSV
attachment with data records for the device in alarm is also included.
The Device Connection section displays the state of automated downloads to the user
as shown in Figure 3—37.
State: Displays the current state of the connection to the device. E.g. Connecting,
Connected, Downloading, Disconnected.
Progress: A progress bar shows the overall progress of a download, if one is in
progress.
Response: Textual error message showing the last communications error that
has occurred. This may be from a previous communications session.
Last download time: Updated with the last download time.
The Intellix BMT 300 has an additional field in the Device Connection pane, called
Service Alarm:
Service Alarm: Reports the nature of a service alarm that has been flagged by
the Intellix BMT 300. The possible alarms are listed below:
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Rejected PD Packet Status
Low Bushing Current Warning Status
Power System Frequency Warning Status
Inter cpu CANBUS device error status
High Bushing Adapter Temperature Status
Modbus comm. error status
No Signal warning status
Bushing R Failure Warning status
If the Intellix BMT 300 has any of these alarms triggered, the Blue service icon will show
on the device icon in the Asset Explorer. See Section 3.2.1 for an example.
Note: If you are connecting to the device via Modem or Serial, then the Setup option must be performed
on an instance of Perception Desktop running on the Perception Server. This is because it will be using the
local Perception Desktop resources to communicate with the device.
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Figure 3—39: Download
When used in conjunction with Perception Server, the data can also be scheduled to
automatically download (see Section 3.8.3.3). The data can still be manually
downloaded during scheduled download intervals by triggering a manual download on
the device as above.
Note: The device icon in the Asset Explorer gains a spinning blue icon showing that the download is in
progress. Also, if the Properties tab is open, the progress bar in the Device Connection section will show
the download progress, as shown in Figure 3—40.
Note: The TransConnect application is automatically installed with Perception Desktop. It is usually
located in the “Programs/GE Energy” directory.
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Open the TransConnect application (Start > All Programs > GE Energy >
Perception > TransConnect).
Upon next starting Perception Desktop, the downloaded data will be automatically
imported from the FileWatcher folder to the database that Perception Desktop is
connected to on launch.
Note: If you have a copy of Perception Express on your PC and launch that before Perception Desktop,
then the downloaded data will be imported to the Perception Express database. Since Perception Desktop
already includes all the features of Perception Express, it is recommended that any prior copies of
Perception Express are removed.
Perception
TransConnect
TOA4
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3.11.1 Export
You can export assets (transformers and/or devices) to a Perception format standalone
CSV file at the database, parent or device-node level. This is useful if you want to copy
data to another system to perform, for example, custom analysis. Other options for the
export are listed in Table 3—2.
Table 3—2: Export options
Export all of the attributes specified on the Properties
Properties
page along with the corresponding asset hierarchy.
Export device measurement data plus the corresponding
Measurements
asset hierarchy only.
‘Uncertain’ and ‘Bad data’ are attributed with diagnostic
information for each data point. Uncertain data values
are appended with ‘!U’. Bad data values are appended
with ‘!B’.
Export everything – all the Properties, Measurements and
All Data
Alarms as defined above.
In Perception Desktop, select Actions > Export to see the three export options as shown
in Figure 3—42. Select an option e.g. All Data. You can also right click on any asset in
the Asset Hierarchy to export from that level in the hierarchy as shown in Figure 3—43.
The ‘Save Exported File As’ dialog as shown in Figure 3—44 allows you to save the data
to a Perception format CSV data file. To do this, navigate to a suitable location, specify a
name for the CSV file or select an existing file to overwrite, and then click Save to export
the data using this format.
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Figure 3—44: Save as a CSV file
The parent-child relationship depicted in the Asset Hierarchy is also included as part of
every export. During an import, this allows assets to be recreated on the recipient
machine in the same structured way as the source machine. The metadata for the
hierarchy of assets is represented in the CSV file in the following way: A parent column
is created in the CSV file and that is used to store the value of the parent node against
each asset value in the ‘Equipnum’ column. If there is no parent node for an asset, then
the value of the parent column is left blank against the respective asset value. On
import, this asset will be created at the highest level in the asset hierarchy i.e. directly
under the database node.
3.11.2 Import
You can import assets (transformers and/or devices) from a CSV file that adheres to one
of the formats listed in Section 3.11. The CSV file may include asset properties, device
measurement data and the corresponding asset hierarchy, depending on the options
chosen at the time of export.
In Perception Desktop, select Actions > Import > Import File… as shown in Figure 3—45.
The Open dialog allows you to select a CSV file. Click Open to import the contents of the
file to the database as shown in Figure 3—46.
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Figure 3—46: Open a CSV file
A progress bar is displayed during the import. The diagnostic information that
accompanies ‘Uncertain’ and ‘Bad data’ is also included as part of the import, along
with the metadata to reconstruct the parent-child node structure in the Asset Explorer.
Note: The import may take several minutes (depending on the size of the file) during which time you
cannot manipulate the Asset Hierarchy.
Note Alarms are also imported, including those from TRANSPORT X units that use firmware v1.12.6.567 or
later.
Note: Nameplate information that is imported to the database is not time stamped. If a TOA file contains
several rows of nameplate information for one device, only the first row for each compartment is
imported. See Section 3.8.1.
If the data values of the following fields in the CSV file match all of the asset attributes
on the Properties pages, then the asset already exists in the database and is updated
accordingly with any new data from the CSV file. These fields are:
If any one of the fields does not match, then the asset is considered to be new. A new
asset node will then be created in the Asset Hierarchy at the desired level as per the
data value listed in the parent column of the CSV file for the asset. The position of new
assets can be rearranged as required. See Section 3.7.4.
The import summary dialog is displayed, and if the import is problematic, it will also
include a link to the corresponding log file. The log file records details of the import
including any errors and is saved in the same location as the imported CSV file.
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3.12 Downloading Service Logs
Service and factory logs can be downloaded from some devices, either remotely over a
network, or directly from a TRANSFIX via a USB connection. To configure the download,
use the menu option Tools > Download Service Logs.... Note: You can also right click the
device to access a shortcut menu option.
The Media field defaults to a Network source as shown in Figure 3—47. For a network
source, you have to supply the IP address and enter the secure POTM code. To obtain
the POTM code, please contact GE Customer Services. Finally, enter the destination
folder on your PC or use the Browse (…) button to navigate to the destination folder.
If you are onsite at the TRANSFIX, select USB in the Media field. The dialog changes to
reflect the setup as shown in Figure 68.For a USB direct connection, you need only
supply the destination folder on your laptop.
Note: You must use the USB port inside the TRANSFIX (located behind the Control panel).
This resulting file can then be sent to GE Customer Services for analysis.
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3.13 Worksheets
Perception Desktop contains a number of worksheets that are used to visualise the
data and diagnose faults using a series of tabbed pages located at the bottom of the
screen as shown in Figure 3—49 (for a TRANSFIX device).
Data Table: The Data Table lists the individual samples for each parameter. You can
select the data range and the parameters to suit. See Section 0.
Status: The Status tab lists the latest downloaded values of the measured parameters
and their status against the alarm thresholds. See Section 3.16. Note: The alarm thresholds
can be set by launching the device setup in Perception Desktop.
TDCG: The Total Dissolved Combustible Gasses (TDCG) chart displays a stacked chart
containing the temporal values of each gas and also the cumulative values for all
gasses. See Section 3.19.
Trend Chart: Line charts are used to display the raw data for user-selected
measurements. Multiple trend charts can be created, each displaying different sets of
gasses or peripherals. See Section 3.15.
Key Gas: IEEE C57-104 offers diagnosis through calculating the relative proportions (in
percent) of these key gases to the rest of the gases in the transformer. See Section 3.20.
Gas Ratios: Displays the proportions of key gasses on a three-dimensional cube lattice
or table, using ratios defined by IEC 60599, IEEE C57.104, Rogers Ratio and Doernenburg
Ratios. See Section 3.21.
Ratios: Trends any gas ratios that have been set up for TRANSFIX devices. You can also
add your own custom gas ratio. See Section 3.22.
Duval’s Triangle: Describes how the concentrations of dissolved gases or free gases
may be interpreted to diagnose the condition of oil-filled electrical equipment in service
and suggests future action. You have the choice of four different formats of Duval’s
triangle: Classic, LTC (oil filled) and Duval’s 4 & 5 low temperature triangles. See Section
3.23.
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Models: Provides diagnostics using state of the art mathematical transformer models
based on IEEE or IEC standards. Calculated using monitored transformer characteristics
taken by the Intellix MO150 and Hydran M2. See Section 0.
Bushing Monitor: This tab is activated for the Intellix BMT 300 device only. It shows a
polar plot of Bushing leakage current and phase angle. You can also switch to a
histogram view of the polar plot to obtain a better view of the measurement point
densities. See Section 3.26.
Partial Discharge: This tab is activated for the Intellix BMT 300 device only. It shows a
polar plot of Partial Discharge. See Section 3.26.2.
Discharge
Gas Ratio
Monitor
Triangle
Bushing
Key Gas
Models
Duval’s
Trends
Partial
Status
Ratios
TDCG
ETRA
Transfix 1.6
Transfix 1.5
Taptrans
Dualtrans
Multitrans
Transfix Plus
Minitrans
Hydran M2
Hydran 201Ti
Intellix
MO150
Transformer
Intellix BMT
300
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Select the date range for the X axis of the chart. Whenever you place your cursor
within the grey plotting area, a vertical date line follows the cursor with the
precise date and time reported in the yellow box.
The Legend for the measured parameters. The value next to each item is the
value of the item at the yellow box date and time () time on the X axis. If the
cursor is not within the plot area, the values are as at the right-hand extreme
end of the plot lines. To change the plotted colour of an item, a double left click
on the legend colour launches a format dialog as shown in Figure 3—51.
The Y axis values for the selected item from the legend. Although all of the
parameters are plotted, they have, by default, individual scales. Other scaling
methods are selectable. See Section 3.15.4.
The slider allows you to control the degree of ‘smoothing’ that is applied to the
trend lines; the leftmost position (shown) has least smoothing and sliding it
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leftwards progressively applies more smoothing. This can be useful in removing
spikes and revealing the overall trend of the parameters.
If you right click when your cursor is within the plot area, an options menu is displayed,
as shown in Figure 3—52.
You can zoom into part of a plot as shown in Figure 3—53. To do so, place the cursor in
the grey plotting area at the top left X-Y position of the desired zoom area and then left-
click-and-drag your mouse to the bottom right of the desired zoom area (as illustrated
by the red arrow). When you release the mouse button, the plot range will be ‘zoomed’.
The zoom can be reversed by left clicking and dragging back in the opposite direction to
the red arrow. It can also be reset by right clicking and selecting Reset Zoom.
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Figure 3—53: Zoom plot
This action opens a new blank trend chart that can be configured to display groups of
measurements.
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3.15.2 Add Measurements to the Chart
To add measurements to a trend chart, right click anywhere on the trend chart and
select Add/Remove Measurement Points. Select the measurements to be trended in
the chart as shown in Figure 3—55.
The measurement parameters offered are device specific: a TRANSFIX will offer gas
measurements, whereas an Intellix BMT 300 will offer discharge and phase
measurements. The Total Dissolved Combustible Gasses (TDCG) from the TDCG
worksheet is also available as a parameter for trending.
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Figure 3—56: Remove measurements from the trend chart
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Individual: The default method. Each parameter is plotted with its own vertical
scale, which gives some vertical separation to the trend lines. The parameter
selected from the legend then has its Y scale indicated on the Y axis.
Log: All items plotted together, but the Y axis is logarithmic. This separates out
the parameters at the lower end of the chart, but will have the effect of
squashing the high value parameters.
Conditional: Only parameters that have alarmed during the selected time period
are plotted on the graph.
Enter the desired text in the text box that appears on the X axis and click outside the
text box when finished to commit the text as shown in Figure 3—59.
Note: A time repeater at the top of the graph may assist in accurate placement of the annotation.
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Figure 3—59: Example annotation
An individual annotation can be edited or deleted by right clicking whilst the cursor is
within the annotation text box. You are then offered the choices of Edit or Delete.
Note: When used in conjunction with Perception Server, annotations appear on the trend chart of the
device for all connected Perception Desktop clients.
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3.16 Status Tab
The Status Tab shows the latest downloaded parameter values and is the suggested
view to start with when investigating an alarm occurrence. The alarming parameters
are highlighted with the latest downloaded data date. An example is shown in Figure
3—61.
The ”High-High” and “Low-Low” alarms are highlighted in red, the “High” and “Low”
alarms in amber. The ROC column indicates whether a Rate of Change alarm has been
set for that item. If the ROC alarm is activated, the Status column will show “ROC”.
Ratio alarm measurement points are also displayed if they are configured on the device.
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3.16.1 Rename a Measurement Point
A measurement point display name can be changed. Right click in the Measurement
Point field, select Edit Display Name ( or double click the Measurement Point field) and
edit the text inline as shown in Figure 3—62. The renamed measurement point will be
used for all occurrences of the measurement point throughout the application.
Note: You can also reset a single display name or all display names back to the original in the same
manner.
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The selected parameters are colour-coded as follows:
Rest your mouse pointer on any cell to see the corresponding Data Table tooltip, an
example of which is shown in Figure 3—65. Note: See Appendix D for an explanation of the PGA
diagnostic details.
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3.18 Rate of Change Alarm
The Rate of Change (ROC) alarm is designed to alert the user if there is a gradual
change in the gas levels of the transformer over a set period of time. The user will
receive notification in the Status worksheet.
When used in conjunction with Perception Server with e-mail notification configured
(see Section 3.8.3.5), an alarm notification email, similar to that shown in Figure 3—66
will be sent to the designated recipients.
To set up the ROC limits, launch the device setup option from the Asset Explorer. In the
Alarms tab, you can set the maximum Rate of Change in ppm/hours for Caution and
Alarm, as shown in the example in Figure 3—67.
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Figure 3—67: ROC settings in TransConnect
The ROC time window measurement unit is days and the default is one hour, as shown
in the ‘ROC Time Window’ field, highlighted above. The minimum number of samples
within the time window used to calculate the ROC is set in the ‘ROC Minimum Samples’
field. If you set the number to >1, then an isolated measurement should not trigger the
ROC alarm i.e. it would take a more persistent change to trigger the alarm.
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3.19 Total Dissolved Combustible Gases (TDCG) Chart
The Total Dissolved Combustible Gases (TDCG) Chart as shown in Figure 3—68 is a pre-
set chart with very similar controls to the basic Dissolved Gas Trend Analysis chart
discussed previously.
Note: Once you have settled on your selection of parameters, it is suggested that you rename the chart to
indicate which compartment/phase is being displayed.
By glancing left and right, you can focus on spikes or adverse trends in the total gas
concentrations.
Note: Use this graph to find the date range of interest. If you set the “From” and “To” dates here; they get
carried over to the other views, so that they are all displaying the same peaks.
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3.20 Key Gas
The Key Gas tab compares the concentrations of key gasses against thresholds for four
deterioration conditions:
The set of readings for each condition are rendered graphically (one chart for each
condition) for the specified date range as shown in the example of Figure 3—69. The
date of the readings is also shown in the centre of the four graphs (denoted by the blue
rectangle).
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The bar graphs indicate the percentage of each gas as a proportion of the total of the
six gasses being presented. For each gas, the coloured bar indicates the actual
percentage and the ‘buff’ bar indicates the threshold percentage used in the fault
condition indication. The numeric values for the percentages are located across the top
of the chart, as denoted by the red rectangle, for example, for C2H2.
The percentage figure in the centre of each graph (denoted by the green rectangle) is
the percentage of confidence in the most likely fault condition of the four. This will be
influenced by the number and extent of the parameters exceeding their thresholds.
The method of plotting the gas ratios can be selected in the Ratios dropdown,
highlighted by the blue rectangle. The choices are as follows:
IEC 60599
IEEE C57.104
Ratios Table
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When you click the Gas Ratios tab, the last plot point in the timeline is automatically
chosen and its values displayed in the Selected Point drop down. The trend range that
is plotted from the main date range is shown in the time line bar (denoted by the red
rectangle). The plot points (denoted by the green rectangle) are similarly coloured from
cyan to dark blue along the time line.
Note: The span of the timeline plotted is the latest available reading within the main date range and the
last 50 readings prior to that.
You can rotate the cube by clicking the left mouse button to one side of the cube and
then dragging the mouse.
If you select another plot point node, then black dotted lines project its position onto the
cube surfaces and the Selected Point drop down is updated. The Selected Point
information on the legend is also updated. A diagnosis for the Selected Point is
displayed (as highlighted) in the Selected Point drop down.
The IEEE C57.104 version of the Gas Ratios is shown in Figure 3—71.
In addition, the ‘Ratios Table’ option, an example of which is shown in Figure 3—72
indicates the IEC 57.104 Transformer Condition, Rogers Ratio and Doernenburg Ratio
with their resultant diagnoses for the selected point.
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Figure 3—72 Ratios Table display for Gas Ratios
When displaying a preset ratio retrieved from the device, the fractional formula ratio is
greyed out, though it can be seen which gases are used in the ratio.
To create your own custom ratio, use the Ratios drop down to select Custom Ratio.
Select which gases you require on the numerator and denominator. When this is
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plotted, there is no appropriate alarm limits to plot, so just the ratio is plotted, as shown
in Figure 3—74.
The Classic.
LTC – the ‘Type 2’ for Load Tap Changer (mineral oil filled).
Type 4 – Low temperature faults, using different gasses from the ‘Classic’.
Type 5 – Low temperature faults, using the same gasses as the ‘Classic’.
Note: The Low Temperature faults Duval’s Triangles should only be applied to faults identified by the
Classic Duval Triangle as possible faults PD, T1 or T2, and should be viewed only as a complement of
information for the Classic Duval Triangle.
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Figure 3—75: Duval's Triangle
A data point can be selected either from the plot on the Duval’s Triangle or by sliding
along the time line at the bottom of the display. Both the time line and the plot points
are coloured with the earliest plot point represented by a cyan colour ranging to deep
blue for the most recent plot point. The Selected Point dropdown reveals the plot data
and the diagnosis for the selected point, in this example, an electrical and thermal fault.
The other versions of the Duval’s Triangle for the same data point are shown in Figure
3—76.
LTC
Example Diagnosis: T2 –
severe thermal fault
(300<T<700 °C, coking)
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Type 4 – Low Temperature
Faults
(using Hydrogen, Methane &
Ethane)
Example Diagnosis: S – Stray
gassing of mineral oil
The page layout follows the same display and control conventions as the Gas Ratios
and Duval’s Triangle tabbed pages, namely that the:
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Diagram A: Classification of
Overheating & Discharges
Example Diagnosis: D -
Discharges
Diagram B: Details of
Discharges
Example Diagnosis: PD –
Partial Discharges (Low
Energy)
3.25 Models
The Intellix MO150 and Hydran M2 devices provide an array of parameters (such as
current, voltage, temperature and moisture etc). Perception Desktop utilises algorithms
(or models) to combine these parameters to calculate and infer other transformer
conditions and displays the graphical models.
Dynamic Loading: This model provides the operator with a continuous estimation
of the capacity of the transformer to continue safe operation under temporary
overloading conditions. See Appendix E.2.1 for a brief description of the model.
Insulation Ageing: This model monitors the key parameters that lead to the
breakdown of the insulation paper in the transformer windings. See Appendix
E.2.2 for a brief description of the model.
Moisture and Bubbling: This model monitors the water content in the oil and the
current oil temperature compared to the temperature at which bubbles would
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form in the oil (dependent upon the atmospheric pressure). See Appendix E.2.3
for a brief description of the model.
Apparent Power in MVA: This model continuously monitors the load carried by
the transformer. See Appendix E.2.4 for a brief description of the model.
Winding Hot-Spot Temperature (WHST): This model uses a number of parameters
to estimate the temperature of the hottest spot in the winding, as opposed to the
general winding temperature. See Appendix E.2.5 for a brief description of the
model.
Cooling Status: This model allows identification of the cooling stage currently in
service. This information is also essential to other cooling models, such as
Cooling Efficiency and Cooling Control. See Appendix E.2.6 for a brief description
of the model.
Cooling Efficiency: This model computes the top oil temperature that should be
expected considering the load current, the ambient temperature, the cooling
mode, the oil time constant and the altitude. See Appendix E.2.7 for a brief
description of the model.
On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) Tap Position: This model provides additional
information for monitoring the tap changer driving mechanisms. See Appendix
E.2.8 for a brief description of the model.
OLTC Differential Temperature: This model continuously compares the top oil
temperature in the main tank with the tap changer compartment. See Appendix
E.2.9 for a brief description of the model.
Hydran M2 Only
RH sensor temperature.
Heater power (in % of full power).
Top oil temperature.
RH sensor hourly average temperature.
Hydran sensor temperature.
Base plate temperature.
Hydran Readings. Displays the history of various key Hydran readings: (see
Appendix E.2.11 for a brief description of the model.)
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Intellix MO150 Only
Transformer Status: This model provides a display of the main sensors feeding
the Intellix MO150. It can accommodate up to six analog and/or digital signals
and/or model outputs. (see Appendix E.2.12 for a brief description of the model).
Temperature sensors
Current transformers (CT’s) for load current
Hydran® intelligent transmitter
Aquaoil® 400 relative humidity-in-oil analyser
Electric or acoustic partial discharge (PD) detectors
Geomagnetically-induced current detectors.
The individual models are selected by the appropriate tab in the Models worksheet.
Figure 3—78 shows a typical format for a Model display tab: a trending graph with
gauges to indicate the spot values.
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3.25.1 General Controls
The general controls for the Models tabbed page are:
All of the available parameters for that model are plotted on the trend graph,
unless they are positively de-selected.
To de-clutter the trend graph, individual parameters can be de-selected from the
plot by clicking the relevant square in the colour-coded legend so that it toggles
to the large size. For example, the upper graph in Figure 3—79 shows all
parameters plotted, whereas the lower graph shows the purple plot de-selected.
Note: If you rest the mouse over a square in the colour-coded legend, a description of the parameter
appears. The parameter colour also signifies the appropriate gauge above.
The gauges indicate the most recent reading in the selected date range. If the
cursor is within the graph area, then the gauges represent the value at the
cursor position.
The gauges show the reading on a dial with an appropriate scale. The value is
also shown in digital form at the 6 o’clock position. If there is no digital number,
then there are no values (as opposed to the value zero).
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Some gauges may have green, yellow and red borders on their circumference as
shown in Figure 3—80. This indicates the normal, low and high operating ranges
that may have been set on the Hydran M2/Intellix MO150 devices.
Some models have a user-selected averaging period (at the source device). If
that is the case, the Text parameters between the Gauges and the Graph Plot
show the settings for the averaging period.
Bushing Monitor
Partial Discharge
Each is available on a separate tab. The use of polar charts is to better identify and
quantify which bushing (%C1 and %PF) or phase (PD) is being affected with respect to
the other two. External factors such as temperature and load variations affect all three
bushings (and thus all three phases) equally. When data is plotted on the polar charts,
the temperature and load variations are negated and have no effect on the output that
is displayed on the polar charts. Each plot point represents the sum of all three bushings
OR phases. The radius of the plot gives its magnitude (e.g. % change) and the angle on
the polar chart gives a visual indication of which bushing(s) are affected.
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Figure 3—81: Intellix BMT 300 Polar Charts
The tab has the following controls as highlighted in one of the panes in Figure 3—82:
The Date/Time picker allows you to specify the date/time range to display
(situated on the top left of each pane). This range is also repeated in the colour
bar at the bottom of the pane with the earliest plot point represented by a cyan
colour ranging to deep blue for the most recent plot point.
The Reset Dates button resets the date range to include all available data,
ending in the most recent.
The Zoom slider controls the radial scale and allows you to zoom in and out of
the polar chart (situated in the red rectangle directly below the polar chart).
The effects of zooming and restricting the date range are shown in Figure 3—83.
Zooming in and restricting the date range makes tracking a parameter over time more
visible.
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Figure 3—83: Zoomed-In Bushing Monitor polar Chart
Both the left and right pane controls in the tab are independent allowing the user to
view different data or date ranges alongside each other.
If you right-click inside the plot area as shown in Figure 3—84, you can configure the
display as follows:
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Figure 3—85: Histogram (left) and Polar view (right)
In Figure 3—85:
The left pane has been changed to a histogram view, while the right pane shows
the same data selection and zoom, but using a plain polar view.
The colouration of the histogram pixels indicates the density of measurements
at that point. This is useful when there are a large number of plot points: the
plain polar view indicates the range of values, while the histogram indicates the
commonality of the values. The histogram view can also be zoomed to give
greater density detail.
The graph button (left most, denoted by the green rectangle in Figure 3—82 and
shown in Figure 3—86), toggles between a trend chart and a polar chart.
The ‘?’ button gives a description of the polar chart or trend chart that is
currently depicted.
The Intellix BMT 300 is shipped from the factory with the following default alarm
settings for % capacitance change:
A change in capacitance within ±5% from the original capacitance nameplate value
signifies that the bushing is acceptable and in good health. The polar chart
representation will be shaded in green.
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First Level: A change in capacitance between ±5% and 10% from the original
capacitance nameplate value signifies that the bushing characteristics have changed
and the bushing needs to be monitored more carefully. The polar chart representation
will be shaded in yellow.
Second Level: A change in capacitance of 10% or greater from the original capacitance
nameplate value signifies that the characteristics of the bushings have significantly
changed and that the bushing should be removed from service for further internal
diagnoses. The polar chart representation will be shaded in red.
Figure 3—87 shows an example with alarm settings at 0.5% and 2% capacitance.
The Intellix BMT 300 is shipped from the factory with the following default alarm
settings for % relative power factor change:
A change in relative power factor up to 150% from the original power factor nameplate
value signifies that the bushing is acceptable and in good health.
First Level: A change in relative power factor between 150% and 200% from the original
power factor nameplate value signifies that the bushing characteristics have changed
and the bushing needs to be monitored more carefully.
Second Level: A change in relative power factory of 200% or greater from the original
power factor nameplate value signifies that the characteristics of the bushings have
significantly changed and that the bushing should be removed from service for further
internal diagnoses.
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Figure 3—88 shows a trend chart with the %relative power factor change and default
alarm limit set points. This provides an indication of the movement of the
measurements over time.
The default alarm set points for both the % capacitance change and the %relative
power factor change alarms are user adjustable and can be changed via the BMT 300
configuration software as detailed in the BMT 300 User Manual.
Note: the displayed parameters are pre-set, but many of the display features can be altered in a similar
manner to the standard trend graph as outlined in Section 3.15.
You can return to the Polar Chart view by clicking the left ‘Polar’ button of Figure 3—89
(situated top right of Figure 3—88).
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3.26.2 Intellix BMT 300 ‘Partial Discharge’ Tab Polar Charts
The Partial Discharge tab displays polar charts concerning the partial discharges
detected by the Intellix BMT 300. The layout consists of three polar charts — one in a
‘major’ pane and two in ‘minor’ panes as shown in Figure 3—90.
Either of the polar charts in the minor panes can be brought into focus by moving it to
the major pane. To do so, click the relevant ‘double arrow’ button (situated on the top
left corner of the minor display panes and denoted by red circles in Figure 3—90).
The display controls apply to the polar chart in the major pane only. These controls are:
The Date/Time picker allows you to specify the date/time range to display
(situated on the top left of each pane). This range is also repeated in the colour
bar at the bottom of the pane with the earliest plot point represented by a cyan
colour ranging to deep blue for the most recent plot point.
The Reset Dates button resets the date range to include all available data,
ending in the most recent.
The Zoom slider controls the radial scale and allows you to zoom in and out of
the polar chart (situated in the red rectangle directly below the polar chart).
Note: Changes persist when moved in and out of the major ‘in focus’ pane.
If you right-click inside the plot area of the major pane as shown in Figure 3—91, you
can configure the display as follows:
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Figure 3—91: Partial Discharge display options
The graph button (left most, denoted by the green rectangle in Figure 3—90 and
shown in Figure 3—92), toggles the major pane to display a trend chart using the
values of the polar chart, an example of which is shown in Figure 3—93.
The ‘?’ button gives a description of the polar chart or trend chart that is
currently depicted.
The device High and High-High alarms thresholds are plotted as amber and red
lines respectively.
You can return to the Polar Chart view by clicking the left ‘Polar’ button of Figure
3—94 (situated top right of Figure 3—93).
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3.27 Transformer Status Report
The transformer status report produces a one-page document containing key overview
details of the transformer using Perception-based data.
To generate the report, right click on a qualifying asset in the asset tree as shown in
Figure 3—95. You can select a transformer or a device. All TRANSFIX-family devices
(including MULTITRANS, MINITRANS, TAPTRANS and DUALTRANS) are supported,
including Hydran M2 & Intellix MO150 devices. Note: BMT 300 devices are not supported by this
feature.
The Report option lists the selected transformer or device with any qualifying child
assets below. Select an asset to launch the Report Configuration Wizard as shown in
Figure 3—96.
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The ‘Organization Details’ section allows you to customize the report with the Name and
Logo of the Company as shown in the example of Figure 3—97.
Note: The recommended dimensions for the logo are 128x128 pixels.
The details of the report can be further configured in the ‘Report Configuration’ section.
The relevant settings are:
The Date Range sets the range of dates that the report will span.
The Duval’s Triangle dropdown allows you to select which of the four Duval’s
triangle options to display on the report.
The Gas Ratio dropdown allows you to select which of the two gas ratio
diagnostics to display on the report.
Note: The diagnostic information provided by the Gas Ratio is displayed on the report (above the
conclusion). However, the Gas Ratio diagram is not displayed.
The Select Trend Chart dropdown contains a list of the trend charts available for
the report. If you have multiple trend charts in the device workbook area, these
will appear here. You can choose to use one of the predefined trend charts or
you can create a custom trend chart. To create a custom trend chart, select
from the available variables to display as shown in Figure 3—98.
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Figure 3—98: Report Configuration Wizard – custom trend chart
The Reset button resets all options back to the default settings.
The Report button generates the report on screen.
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A sample generated Transformer Status report is shown in Figure 3—99. A description
outlining the layout of the report and any further customization options follows.
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The top section of the report contains the:
The report also contains three free-text entry boxes that the user populates before
printing. These are the Overview; body (situated in the middle above the Diagnostics
charts) and the Conclusion.
The Trend chart section shows the chosen trend chart as selected in the Report
Configuration Wizard and the data table to its right lists the measurement point
information depicted in the trend chart.
You can select a point in the trend chart by left clicking within the chart. This will
draw a red line on the trend chart and also populate the ‘selected’ section of the
data table.
The scale on the trend chart is set to ‘individual scale’ and is based on the first
measurement added to the chart.
The ‘Current’ column in the data table contains the latest measurement point
information in the selected date range.
The ‘Status’ column shows the current alarm status of the displayed
measurement points.
The Diagnostics section shows the tank that was selected for the report in brackets
beside the Diagnostisc title. The Duval’s Triangle, most probable Key Gas chart and
TDCG chart are also displayed with their corresponding key diagnosis under each chart.
There is also a statement which shows the corresponding key diagnosis from the Gas
Ratio.
The Save button saves the completed report as a ‘png’ image file allowing the
report to be emailed.
The Print button sends the report to your configured printer.
The Close button closes the report.
Note: Report details are not stored, so closing the report will remove any selected point information as
well as the user-added text.
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3.28 Workflow Scheduler
Workflows can be scheduled from Perception Desktop via the Tools menu as shown in
Figure 3—100.
Click the Workflow Scheduler option to launch the ‘Workflow Scheduler’ dialog as
shown in Figure 3—101.
To enable scheduling, select the Enabled checkbox and then specify when the workflow
should run. For example, every 6 hours of every day is specified as shown in Figure 3—
102.
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3.29 Launching External Applications
External applications can be launched from Perception Desktop via the Tools menu as
shown in Figure 3—103.
Select the External Tools option to launch the ‘External Tools’ dialog as shown in Figure
3—104.
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To create a new entry, click the Add button as shown in Figure 3—105. The Title and
Path fields become available and must be populated.
Enter the name of the external tool and the path of the executable file in the respective
fields.
Note: A (…) browse button to the right of the path field allows you to browse to the executable location.
You can also add an argument parameter to the external tool. The argument can be a
command or file to open when the external application is launched. An example is
shown in Figure 3—107.
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Figure 3—107: External Tools – Notepad example with an argument
Click OK to add the configured external tool to the Tools menu as shown in Figure 3—
108.
Figure 3—108: Tools Menu option with Notepad added to external tools
Any of the listed externals tools can be launched independently from Perception
Desktop, if configured correctly.
Select Tools > External Tools to launch the ‘External Tools’ dialog.
Select the external tool entry to delete and click Delete.
Click Yes to the prompt as shown in Figure 3—109.
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Figure 3—109: Deleting an External Tool
The external tool is no longer listed on the Tools menu as shown in Figure 3—110.
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Appendix A Installing the TRANSPORT X driver in Windows 7
Transport X is a portable device that can be used to visit the assets and sample the oil
by direct connection to the assets. The TRANSPORT X device is then brought back to the
office and connected via USB to your PC. The data collected from the assets is then
transferred to your PC and Perception will then load the data into the server database.
The TRANSPORT X device is installed in the same manner as any plug and play device
attached to a PC.
The generic Microsoft Mobile Device Center must be downloaded from the Microsoft
website.
As part of the download process, you will have to allow the Microsoft Validation to take
place. More information about the Validation requirements can be obtained by a ‘click
here’ link as shown in Figure A—1.
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After the validation process click Download as shown in Figure A—2.
Then click Run on the File Download - Security Warning dialog as shown in Figure A—3.
And click Run again on the Internet Explorer – Security Warning dialog as shown in
Figure A—4.
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The software prepares to install and displays the following series of dialogs as shown in
Figure A—5.
If Figure A—6 appears during the process or at the end, then the installation has been
unsuccessful. Click the Close button and install the TRANSPORT X device manually as
outlined in Section A.2.
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A.2 Installing TRANSPORT X
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Under Devices and Printers, select Device Manager as shown in Figure A—8.
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Right-click Kelman Transport X and select Update Driver Software as shown in
Figure A—10.
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Select Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer as shown in
Figure A—12.
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Clear the Show compatible hardware checkbox.
In the Manufacturer column, choose Microsoft as shown in Figure A—14.
In the Model column, choose Microsoft USB Sync.
Click Next.
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The Installing Driver Software progress bar displays as shown in Figure A—16.
When the driver has successfully updated, the following screen as shown in
Figure A—17 displays.
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A successful connection is indicated by a green check mark and the word
‘Connected’ as shown in Figure A—18.
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Appendix B Database mappings for import and export
During a Perception export, only the browse names get exported to the CSV file for oil
source and peripheral measurements including their group names. For example,
multiple oil sources, such as the Main, Selector and Diverter tanks, are represented in
the software with the following browse names OilSourceA, OilSourceB and OilSourceC
respectively. On export it is only these underlying browse names that get exported to
the CSV file (not the user-defined names for multiple oil sources specified in the device
setup). The reason for this is that Perception analytics (such as Duval, GasRatio, KeyGas)
recognises only the browse name for the oil sources. Common browse names also
allow Perception data to be imported into any other localised version of Perception.
Table B—1 lists all the CSV headers, the corresponding field mappings in the Perception
database and a brief description below (where required). When creating custom import
and export mappings, refer to this table to ensure valid data exchange.
Table B—1: Database Mappings
OilSourceA|H2 OilSourceA|H2
The first value denotes the measurement group or oil source that gets created on import, the second value denotes
a measurement point under that group or oil source. Required for all CSV headers, except the following:
- headers that represent property fields
- headers appended with the text ‘Diagnostic’.
OilSourceA|H2|Diagnostic OilSourceA|H2|Diagnostic
Any header format appended with the text ‘Diagnostic’, imports the diagnostic information for the measurement
where the data is of bad or uncertain quality (!B or !U).
OilSourceA|CH4 OilSourceA|CH4
OilSourceA|CH4|Diagnostic OilSourceA|CH4|Diagnostic
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OilSourceA|C2H2 OilSourceA|C2H2
OilSourceA|C2H2|Diagnostic OilSourceA|C2H2|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|C2H4 OilSourceA|C2H4
OilSourceA|C2H4|Diagnostic OilSourceA|C2H4|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|C2H6 OilSourceA|C2H6
OilSourceA|C2H6|Diagnostic OilSourceA|C2H6|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|CO OilSourceA|CO
OilSourceA|CO|Diagnostic OilSourceA|CO|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|CO2 OilSourceA|CO2
OilSourceA|CO2|Diagnostic OilSourceA|CO2|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|O2 OilSourceA|O2
OilSourceA|O2|Diagnostic OilSourceA|O2|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|TDCG OilSourceA|TDCG
OilSourceA|TDCG|Diagnostic OilSourceA|TDCG|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|H2O OilSourceA|H2O
OilSourceA|H2O|Diagnostic OilSourceA|H2O|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|AmbientTemp OilSourceA|AmbientTemp
OilSourceA|AmbientTemp|Diagnostic OilSourceA|AmbientTemp|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|NormalizationTemp OilSourceA|NormalizationTemp
OilSourceA|NormalizationTemp|Diagnostic OilSourceA|NormalizationTemp|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|OilPressure OilSourceA|OilPressure
OilSourceA|OilPressure|Diagnostic OilSourceA|OilPressure|Diagnostic
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OilSourceA|OilTemp OilSourceA|OilTemp
OilSourceA|OilTemp|Diagnostic OilSourceA|OilTemp|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|N2 OilSourceA|N2
OilSourceA|N2|Diagnostic OilSourceA|N2|Diagnostic
OilSourceA|TDG OilSourceA|TDG
OilSourceA|TDG|Diagnostic OilSourceA|TDG|Diagnostic
Peripherals|TransOpto|Channel1 Peripherals|TransOpto|Channel1
OilSourceB|H2 OilSourceB|H2
OilSourceB|CH4 OilSourceB|CH4
OilSourceB|C2H2 OilSourceB|C2H2
OilSourceB|C2H4 OilSourceB|C2H4
OilSourceB|C2H6 OilSourceB|C2H6
OilSourceB|CO OilSourceB|CO
OilSourceB|CO2 OilSourceB|CO2
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OilSourceB|O2 OilSourceB|O2
OilSourceB|TDCG OilSourceB|TDCG
OilSourceB|H2O OilSourceB|H2O
OilSourceB|AmbientTemp OilSourceB|AmbientTemp
OilSourceB|NormalizationTemp OilSourceB|NormalizationTemp
OilSourceB|OilPressure OilSourceB|OilPressure
OilSourceB|OilTemp OilSourceB|OilTemp
OilSourceB|N2 OilSourceB|N2
OilSourceC|H2 OilSourceC|H2
OilSourceC|CH4 OilSourceC|CH4
OilSourceC|C2H2 OilSourceC|C2H2
OilSourceC|C2H4 OilSourceC|C2H4
OilSourceC|C2H6 OilSourceC|C2H6
OilSourceC|CO OilSourceC|CO
OilSourceC|CO2 OilSourceC|CO2
OilSourceC|O2 OilSourceC|O2
OilSourceC|TDCG OilSourceC|TDCG
OilSourceC|H2O OilSourceC|H2O
OilSourceC|AmbientTemp OilSourceC|AmbientTemp
OilSourceC|NormalizationTemp OilSourceC|NormalizationTemp
OilSourceC|OilPressure OilSourceC|OilPressure
OilSourceC|OilTemp OilSourceC|OilTemp
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GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo1|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo2|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo3|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo4|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo5|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo1|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo2|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo3|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo4|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo5|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo1|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo2|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo3|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo4|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo5|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceC|FormulaInfo1|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceC|FormulaInfo2|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceC|FormulaInfo3|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceC|FormulaInfo4|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceC|FormulaInfo5|Formula
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo1|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo2|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo3|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo4|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo5|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo1|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo2|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo3|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo4|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceB|FormulaInfo5|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceC|FormulaInfo1|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceC|FormulaInfo2|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceC|FormulaInfo3|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceC|FormulaInfo4|FormulaName
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceC|FormulaInfo5|FormulaName
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Hydran|Hydran Hourly Trend Period Hydran|Hydran Hourly Trend Period
The first value denotes the measurement group that gets created on import e.g. Hydran, the second value denotes
a measurement point under that group e.g. Hydran Hourly Trend Period. This interpretation is similar for all CSV
headers of this format.
Hydran|Hydran Daily Trend Period Hydran|Hydran Daily Trend Period
System|Battery System|Battery
Winding Hot Spot|Per Unit load on the most Winding Hot Spot|Per Unit load on the
loaded winding most loaded winding
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Temperature in Winding X Temperature in Winding X
Winding Hot Spot|Highest Winding Hot-Spot Winding Hot Spot|Highest Winding Hot-
Temperature Spot Temperature
Winding Hot Spot|Per Unit load on the most Winding Hot Spot|Per Unit load on the
loaded winding corrected for Ambient and most loaded winding corrected for
Altitude Ambient and Altitude
Winding Hot Spot|Highest Winding Hot-Spot Winding Hot Spot|Highest Winding Hot-
Temperature Source Winding Spot Temperature Source Winding
Winding Hot Spot|Per Unit load on the most Winding Hot Spot|Per Unit load on the
loaded winding source most loaded winding source
OLTC|Short Term Average of Tap Changer OLTC|Short Term Average of Tap Changer
Temperature Differential Temperature Differential
OLTC|Long Term Average of Tap Changer OLTC|Long Term Average of Tap Changer
Temperature Differential Temperature Differential
Cooling|Cooling Stage 0 Total Activity Time Cooling|Cooling Stage 0 Total Activity Time
Cooling|Cooling Bank1 Total Activity Time Cooling|Cooling Bank1 Total Activity Time
Cooling|Cooling Bank2 Total Activity Time Cooling|Cooling Bank2 Total Activity Time
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Cooling|Cooling Bank1 Activated Cooling|Cooling Bank1 Activated
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Position 8 for Position 8
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Position 23 for Position 23
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 1 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
1
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 2 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
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2
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 3 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
3
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 4 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
4
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 5 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
5
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 6 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
6
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 7 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
7
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 8 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
8
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 9 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
9
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 10 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
10
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 11 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
11
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 12 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
12
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 13 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
13
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 14 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
14
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 15 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
15
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 16 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
16
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 17 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
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17
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 18 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
18
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 19 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
19
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 20 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
20
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 21 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
21
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 22 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
22
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 23 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
23
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 24 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
24
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 25 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
25
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 26 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
26
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 27 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
27
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 28 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
28
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 29 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
29
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 30 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
30
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 31 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
31
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 32 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
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32
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 33 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
33
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 34 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
34
Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position 35 Tap Position|Resettable Count for Position
35
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DLG|OverLoad Duration #5 DLG|OverLoad Duration #5
DLG|Max. Load Factor on Tap Changer DLG|Max. Load Factor on Tap Changer
Communications|ConnectionString Communications|ConnectionString
Communications|CronString Communications|CronString
Communications|IsScheduleEnabled Communications|IsScheduleEnabled
Communications|NextScheduledDownload Communications|NextScheduledDownload
Communications|ServiceAlarmDescription Communications|ServiceAlarmDescription
Communications|NotificationEmail Communications|NotificationEmail
Communications|ExpertEmail Communications|ExpertEmail
Communications|IsAutoExportEnabled Communications|IsAutoExportEnabled
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Communications|ExportCronString Communications|ExportCronString
Communications|DownloadError Communications|DownloadError
Communications|ServiceAlarmDescription Communications|ServiceAlarmDescription
These are all property fields. No mapping is required.
Environmental|Ambient Humidity Environmental|Ambient Humidity
PrimaryBushing|C1% A PrimaryBushing|C1% A
PrimaryBushing|C1% B PrimaryBushing|C1% B
PrimaryBushing|C1% C PrimaryBushing|C1% C
PrimaryBushing|PF% A PrimaryBushing|PF% A
PrimaryBushing|PF% B PrimaryBushing|PF% B
PrimaryBushing|PF% C PrimaryBushing|PF% C
PrimaryBushing|AngleACReferenceDiff PrimaryBushing|AngleACReferenceDiff
PrimaryBushing|AngleABReferenceDiff PrimaryBushing|AngleABReferenceDiff
PrimaryBushing|Current A PrimaryBushing|Current A
PrimaryBushing|Current B PrimaryBushing|Current B
PrimaryBushing|Current C PrimaryBushing|Current C
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SecondaryBushing|C1% A SecondaryBushing|C1% A
SecondaryBushing|C1% B SecondaryBushing|C1% B
SecondaryBushing|C1% C SecondaryBushing|C1% C
SecondaryBushing|PF% A SecondaryBushing|PF% A
SecondaryBushing|PF% B SecondaryBushing|PF% B
SecondaryBushing|PF% C SecondaryBushing|PF% C
SecondaryBushing|AngleABReferenceDiff SecondaryBushing|AngleABReferenceDiff
SecondaryBushing|AngleACReferenceDiff SecondaryBushing|AngleACReferenceDiff
SecondaryBushing|Current A SecondaryBushing|Current A
SecondaryBushing|Current B SecondaryBushing|Current B
SecondaryBushing|Current C SecondaryBushing|Current C
PD|PD Count Polar Plot Angle PD|PD Count Polar Plot Angle
PD|PD Count Polar Plot Level PD|PD Count Polar Plot Level
PD|PD Average Polar Plot Angle PD|PD Average Polar Plot Angle
PD|PD Average Polar Plot Level PD|PD Average Polar Plot Level
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PD|PhaseA|PD Average Apparent Charge PD|PhaseA|PD Average Apparent Charge
PD|PhaseA|PDI PD|PhaseA|PDI
PD|PhaseB|PDI PD|PhaseB|PDI
PD|PhaseC|PDI PD|PhaseC|PDI
Parent Parent
This is used to maintain the parent-child hierarchy so that the asset can be created at the appropriate level. No
mapping is required.
Area
Substation
Transformer1
Transfix 1.6
HydranM2
Transformer2
TapTrans
BMT300
The Parent header column against Transfix 1.6 and HydranM2 data rows will have the value ‘Transformer1’.
The Parent header column against TapTrans and BMT 300 data rows will have the value ‘Transformer2’.
The Transformer1 and Transformer2 data rows will have the value ‘Substation’ against their Parent header
column.
The Substation data row will have the value ‘Area’ against its Parent header column.
Data imported from a CSV file follows a three-step process for each asset to ensure that the same asset structure is
maintained in the Asset Explorer. This is best explained as follows:
1) Perception first checks the Parent value of the asset. If the Parent node doesn’t already exist in the database,
Perception creates the Parent node and any associated child nodes in the hierarchy. If the Parent value in
the CSV file is empty, then any child nodes are created at the top level of the hierarchy i.e. directly under the
database node.
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2) If the Parent node already exists in the database, then it checks the ‘equipnum’ and ‘serialnum’ fields. If both
the values match, then any child assets will be created under that parent. If any one of them doesn’t match,
then a new Parent node will be created with the corresponding child assets.
3) The same logic of step 2 also applies to any child assets. If any asset already exists i.e. there is a match of
the values ‘parent’, ‘equipnum’ and ‘serialnum’, then the data will be replaced for that asset on import.
Otherwise if any one of them doesn’t match, a new asset will be created.
Alarm Mappings
During import and export, alarms are treated as attributes of measurement points.
Measurement points have various attributes. The alarm-specific attributes are as follows:
The attributes required vary according to the measurement point. For example, the alarm for
the O2 measurement point is defined as follows:
OilSourceA | 02
(the measurement point)
OilSourceA | 02 | EngineeringUnits
(ppm for gases)
OilSourceA | 02 | HighLimit
(numeric value)
OilSourceA | O2 | HighEnabled
(boolean flag to mark the High limit enabled or disabled by setting as TRUE or FALSE)
GasRatioFormulaContainer | OilSourceA | FormulaInfo1 | Formula
(numeric formula)
GasRatioFormulaContainer | OilSourceA | FormulaInfo1 | FormulaName
(text value)
GasRatioFormulaContainer | OilSourceA | FormulaInfo1 | UpperAlarmValue
(numeric value)
GasRatioFormulaContainer | OilSourceA | FormulaInfo1 | UpperRatioAlarmEnabled
(boolean flag to mark the Upper limit enabled or disabled by setting as TRUE or FALSE)
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GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo1|Formula
(H2+C2H4+C2H6+CH4)/(C2H4)
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo1|FormulaName
Ratio 1
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo1|UpperAlarmValue
15
GasRatioFormulaContainer|OilSourceA|FormulaInfo1|UpperRatioAlarmEnabled
TRUE
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Appendix C Troubleshooting
Issue Resolution
Failure to Connect to the Server Server certificate not trusted. See Section 2.5
Perception Service does not This can be caused by a number of incorrect
appear in Desktop Discovery configurations.
wizard.
Ensure IP Address or Hostname of
Perception Server is correct.
If Perception Server is installed on a PC with
another OPC service, ensure that the UA
Discovery Server service is running. Verify in
services.msc.
Ensure the Perception Server Service is
running, check in services.msc.
Ensure the SQL Service is running, check in
services.msc.
Ensure the Kelman database is configured in
the Perception Server Config Tool.
Ensure the Microsoft Distributed Transaction
Coordinator service (MS-DTC) has started on
the PC running the Perception Server. If it
was not running you may need to restart the
Perception Server and UA Local Discovery
Server services after starting.
Ensure MS-DTC is configured correctly:
Windows Server 2008. See
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/817064
Ensure the Perception Server and Discovery
Server certificates exist in the trusted
certificate folder and that they are
configured correctly within the services
configuration files. To correct configuration,
run the Perception Server installer and select
the repair option.
Security parameters not Ensure the ports required by the Perception
appearing at the end of the applications are not blocked by a firewall (ports
Perception Server discovery 4840 & 62541).
connection wizard.
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The Gas Ratios 3D graph does not Ensure you have the latest drivers for you graphics
appear on the Gas Ratios card.
workbook.
When you launch Perception Ensure you have the latest drivers for you graphics
Desktop the application or card.
activation window is blank.
Users are no longer able to log in This can occur if a new server certificate has been
even though usernames and created on the Perception Server host. To correct
passwords are correct. the issue you need to delete and re-add the users.
HydranM2: Exception raised when Intermittent issue. The workaround is to use the
configuring HM2 via Perception Multihost software instead to configure the device.
Setup
While importing CSV files into a This may be hardware performance related. Wait
local KPD file, the browsing until the KPD import completes. This is not an issue
performance of Asset Explorer is using SQL Server.
slow.
Perception Desktop Freezes when Delete the Perception folder located in:
you open a KPD database or try
%APPDATA%\GE_Energy
to connect to Perception Server.
Note: ‘%APPDATA%’ points to the ‘Roaming’ application
data folder
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Appendix D PGA Diagnostic Error codes and Status Flags
The Data Table tooltip, an example of which is shown below, includes a Diagnostic row
that lists PGA diagnostic information. E.g. PGA;0,0,6. The syntax for the PGA entry is:
PGA;[errorState],[errorCodes],[flagNumber]
Note: Perception displays the flag number in decimal, but this must be converted to binary in order to
draw comparison with the bitmap outlined in Table D—2. E.g. a decimal status flag of 6 in the above
example equates to binary 0000000000000110. Using Table D—2, this would indicate that the PPM values
are valid and that it is the first measurement after a reset.
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Figure D—1 lists all PGA Diagnostic Error Codes and their meaning.
Table D—1: PGA Error codes
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Table D—2 lists all PGA Status Flags and their meaning.
Table D—2: PGA Status flags
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Appendix E Model Descriptions
DGA is one of the most widely used diagnostic techniques for detecting and evaluating
types of faults in a transformer. The first edition of "Supervision and Maintenance by
DGA” standardized by the ETRA in 1980, has been widely used for oil filled transformers
in Japan. The standard, however, lacked diagnoses for some cases and had no
detection limits nor precision requirements for DGA. Therefore, the ETRA started to
investigate the actual status of conventional diagnosis by DGA in Japan and overseas.
Also, DGA data have been investigated on about 1300 operating transformers which
are now in service including some which have experienced inner faults. As a result, a
new "Supervision and Maintenance by DGA" which is the second edition was released in
February 1999. This paper summarizes that standard.
Regarding gas analysis methods in oil which are used presently in Japan, torricelli,
toepler pump, vacuum piston and stripping methods are used for the extraction of
dissolved gases in oil and gas chromatography is used for analysis of the extracted
gases. Review of the analysis sensitivity of each gas in 12 laboratories showed the
detection and determination limits had some scattering among the laboratories. By
considering the detection limits that were standardized in IEC 567 (1992) and the
determination limits which are necessary to improve the precision of present diagnoses
by DGA, the detection limit was defined as 3 times the noise level and the determination
limit was defined as 5 times the detection limits. The repeatability and reproducibility
were evaluated by the Round Robin Test with the three gas-in-oil-standard samples
and the sample oils taken from transformers in service. By using the evaluation formula
of repeatability which was prescribed by IEC 567 (1992) and the detection limit, it was
found that the repeatability for each gas at each laboratory satisfied the evaluation
formula at a 93.9% probability. It was found that the repeatability and reproducibility of
the stripping method were better than those of the other extraction methods.
The paper then defines some new gas correlations that have prognostic utility.
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E.2 Multi-Host Models
The purpose of this model is to provide the transformer owner and operator with a
continuous estimation of the capacity of the transformer (and its associated
components) to continue safe operation under overloading conditions. Starting with
current conditions of oil temperature and ambient temperature and using a steady load
of a given magnitude, the model computes how long this load can be carried until a
limit condition is reached. The implementation of this model in the Hydran M2 with
Models and Intellix MO150 Devices is also known as ‘Time vs Steady Load.’
The model’s Device Provider setup offers two choices for the Ambient Air Temperature
and Top Oil Temperature — either to use manual input values or sensor-measured
values. Manual input values are useful for simulation purposes and are used only in the
calculations of the model. The device will still always gather sensor-measured values
and render these in all other areas of the software where these values are used e.g.
data view charts and dashboards. This feature is available only for the MO150 device
with firmware version 3.06 or higher.
Calculation starts with a load of 1.1 p.u. and actual values for Ambient Temperature and
Top Oil Temperature (from sensors). The ambient temperature is assumed to remain
constant for the period of overload being considered. The actual top oil temperature will
be used as a starting point for oil temperature calculation at each load level.
Calculations are done with this load level (1.1 p.u.) and with a time increment of 0.1 hour
(6 minutes) until one of the Limiting Factors (or Overload Limit) is exceeded or when the
acceptable duration exceeds 12 hours (720 minutes). The calculation is then repeated
with a load of 1.2 p.u. and the acceptable duration is determined (less or equal to 720
minutes) again along with the Limiting Factor that was first reached. This calculation is
repeated until a load of 2.0 p.u. is reached.
For each Load level, the time duration to reach the limit is recorded along with the
Limiting Factor that was first reached. If the 12 hours (720 minutes) were reached but
no Limiting Factor was exceeded, the Limiting Factor is shown as “Duration.” If the
Hydran M2 with Models and Intellix MO150 Devices are working in the on-line mode of
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operation, then the computation is repeated every 10 minutes using the actual sensor
values. If the Hydran M2 with Models and Intellix MO150 Devices are working in the off-
line mode of operation, then the output screen reflects the values computed during the
last on-line operation.
This insulation aging process is irreversible. It is also the main factor determining the
transformer’s end of life. The rate of aging of cellulose insulation material is a function
of the following factors:
Insulation temperature at the hot spot: The effect of temperature is the most
important, as described in the IEEE and IEC Loading Guides. The effect of
temperature on aging is a function of the type of paper. It is therefore important
to state in the configuration page the type of paper used for winding insulation.
Water content in the winding insulation paper: It is assumed that the aging
acceleration factor is directly proportional to the water content with 0.5 % as
reference value for dry paper. The water content in winding insulation is
computed in the Moisture Content in Insulating Barrier model. The effect is more
severe on normal Kraft paper than on thermally-upgraded paper and it can be
practically neglected on Aramid paper.
Oxygen content of the insulating oil: This oxygen content can be inferred from the
type of oil preservation system. The IEEE Loading Guide recommends using an
aging acceleration factor of 2.5 for free-breathing conservators while the
sealed-type transformers and those with a membrane in the conservator are
practically oxygen-free.
The following Model Output Text Parameters are displayed in the Insulation Ageing
Model:
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Moisture Aging Acceleration Factor: It considers only the effect of moisture in
paper.
Global Aging Acceleration Factor: This is the actual aging rate or aging
acceleration factor, considering the cumulated effect of temperature, moisture
and oxygen in oil.
Cumulative Aging: This field indicates the aging cumulated since the
commissioning of the system, adding the “Previous Aging” if this value was
configured on the Insulation Aging Model configuration page. The value is
expressed in days of operation at rated temperature; for instance, a transformer
with thermally upgraded paper operating 24 hours at 117 °C will undergo 2 days
of “normal aging at rated temperature.”
Service Time: This field indicates the number of days the transformer has been in
service since the commissioning of the system, adding the “Previous Service
Time” if this value has been configured.
The moisture content of the oil and the solid insulation is a serious concern for power
transformers, especially for aging units. Extensive drying procedures are applied at the
manufacturing stage and sustained efforts are deployed in service to maintain a high
level of dryness. However, with time, water can penetrate through various paths such
as the air breather and leaky gaskets. Aging of cellulose also releases some water.
Moisture tends to accumulate in the solid insulation and leads to several detrimental
consequences, namely:
Moisture content assessment is too often derived from a single oil sample submitted to
a Karl Fischer test in laboratory. This is a valid approach for oil evaluation but it does not
allow evaluation of the moisture content in the solid insulation as the rate of water
exchange between the oil and the paper has to be considered. On-line monitoring of
moisture in oil allows the integration of temperature variations and the computation of
a dependable value for moisture content in the various components of the solid
insulation system, even if they are at different temperatures and characterized by
different diffusion rates.
The most critical part of the winding insulation is the top of the winding that operates at
the hot-spot temperature. This is the area where the aging is most severe, and the
effect of the water content can be computed. The determination of the critical
temperature for bubble evolution takes into account the atmospheric pressure, the oil
pressure above the hot-spot area, and the amount of gas dissolved in the oil.
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The moisture sensor continuously monitors the oil’s temperature and relative moisture
saturation at the sensor location. A filtering is applied to remove the effect of cyclic
heating created by the sensor to ensure oil circulation. This filtered value is used to
calculate the absolute value of the water content in the oil, the temperature of water
condensation, and the relative saturation at the reference temperature.
Since the oil and winding temperature varies continuously, this moving target is used
with an integrating algorithm taking into account the diffusion time constant and the
temperature. The calculated value of the water content in the winding insulation allows
prediction of the bubbling temperature. It is also used in the Insulation Aging model
(described above).
The primary function of this model is to continuously monitor the load carried by the
transformer in MVA (Mega Volt-Amperes). The Apparent Power can be computed on the
primary, secondary, and tertiary windings, depending on the input configuration. The
historic maximum MVA value is retained with a time stamp and can be reset.
The current signal is a mandatory input, whereas the voltage signal is configured as a
fixed value. Since voltage variations occurring in service and tap changer operations
are not taken into consideration, the MVA is an approximate reading, and used only for
display purposes.
The model’s Device Provider setup offers two choices for the Apparent Power model
computations — either to use manual input values or sensor-measured values. The
former requires the user to assign three new types to the output models of an Analog
input:
When a new measurement sensor for voltage output is assigned to an Analog input, the
Apparent power model is calculated based on this measured voltage instead of the one
manually configured on the device, and displayed in the appropriate worksheets in
Perception.
Manual input values are useful for simulation purposes and are used only in the
calculations of the model. The device will still always gather sensor-measured values
and render these in all other areas of the software where these values are used e.g.
data view charts and dashboards. This feature is available only for the MO150 device
with firmware version 3.06.
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E.2.5 Winding Hot-Spot Temperature Model (WHST)
However, it is not the average winding temperature that is of most interest but rather
the temperature in the hottest area (the ‘hot-spot temperature’). This temperature
cannot be measured directly as it is not possible to insert thermocouples in a winding
that is to be put in service. It is possible to use fibre optic temperature sensors that do
not interfere with dielectric strength, but this procedure is costly and is usually limited to
the validation of the manufacturer calculation methods. Therefore the traditional
method was to use a Winding Temperature Indicator to fulfil that function.
A more accurate and reliable evaluation of the hot-spot temperature can be provided,
using the equations provided in the IEEE and IEC Loading Guides:
In the computation methods described in these Loading Guides, a key value is the
temperature difference between the winding hot-spot and the top oil at rated
conditions. This value is normally provided by the transformer manufacturer after
suitable validation of their computation method. In the Winding Hot-Spot Temperature
model, this rated value is corrected to account for actual load current and winding
thermal time constant. The computed hot-spot temperature rise is then added to the
measured top oil temperature to provide the actual winding hottest-spot temperature.
The winding hot-spot temperature is computed separately for each winding. The
highest value of winding hot-spot temperature is identified and used to raise an alarm
signal on the transformer. The hottest winding might not always be the same,
depending on the load on the tertiary winding and on the position of the tap changer.
For autotransformers, the winding hot-spot temperature is calculated for the series
winding (H), the common winding (C) and the tertiary winding (Y). The current in the
common winding is calculated by subtracting the secondary load current minus the
primary load current.
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E.2.6 Cooling Status
This model allows identification of the cooling stage currently in service. The cooling
bank refers to the cooling device. A transformer can have several sets of fans and each
one will be supplied by a feeder where the current can be measured. Information
concerning the status of each cooling device (oil pumps, water pumps, fans) can be
provided from several sources. The most common is a set of digital inputs giving the
status (ON / OFF) of the relay supplying the cooling device. This information is adequate
to allow determination of the cooling stage and the cumulative operating time for each
device. A measurement of the current consumption by each cooling device can also be
provided by AC RMS sensors or DC analog sensors. If this is the case, additional
information can be developed such as detection of inoperative fans or bearing gripping.
The digital indication of cooling bank status is to be used as the prime source of
information. For determination of cooling bank status, cooling bank feeder current is to
be used only if no digital information is available. The digital indication of cooling bank
status is to be used as prime source of information. For determination of cooling bank
status, cooling bank feeder current is to be used only if no digital information is
available.
This model computes the top oil temperature that should be expected considering the
load current, the ambient temperature, the cooling mode, the oil time constant and the
altitude.
The calculated value is then compared with the measured value and an alarm is raised
if the transformer is found to be overheating. This calculation is used to detect
obstructions, such as dirt on the coolers, which could be a limiting factor when the
transformer is required to operate at full load or under overload conditions.
During the initial model computation, the measured values of top oil temperature and
ambient temperature are used to provide a starting point for the calculated value of top
oil temperature rise. From then on, the calculated temperature at the end of the time
interval is used as the initial temperature for the next time interval. This calculation is
run with load current in the H winding only. The rated current for each cooling stage is
calculated from the rated power on each stage and the rated current on the top cooling
stage. The ultimate temperature rise and the current temperature rise are calculated
considering the actual cooling stage and the actual oil time constant. This value is
added to the ambient temperature to provide a calculated top oil temperature. This
value is subtracted from the measured top oil temperature and the difference is
averaged over a configurable period. An alarm is raised when the difference exceeds a
configured value for a period of time that is also configurable. The model can
accommodate a transformer with one, two or three cooling stages.
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E.2.8 OLTC Tap Position
Tap changer driving mechanisms are always provided with a visual tap position
indicator and a counter indicating the total number of operations. This model provides
additional information that is useful to monitor the proper operation of this critical unit,
such as:
A position transducer, driven by the visual indicator shaft (also called Geneva shaft),
provides a 4–20 mA signal that is proportional to the tap changer mechanical position.
The multi position switch can be equipped with jumpers (instead of resistors) in the
“through positions” where the tap position indicator stays only momentarily during
operation of the reversing switch. In this case, the potentiometer provides an indication
of the electric position of the tap changer. When the tap changer operates, the signal
should remain steady, until it changes to a new value without falling to zero.
It is assumed that the Geneva shaft rotates by a fixed value for each step on the
transducer. The signal from the Geneva shaft position transducer is read at regular
intervals and is analyzed to determine the actual position of the visual position
indicator.
The position generated may refer to the mechanical position of the Geneva gear or the
electrical position. In the first case, the mechanical position is converted into the
electrical position considering the number of through positions specific to this tap
changer when it moves to the neutral position.
The number of operations on each tap position is presented by histograms using the
tap position denomination configured. The system provides three separate registers to
record the number of operations carried out by the tap changer:
The Permanent Tap Position Transition Count is intended to sum all operations
since the commissioning of the system. However, if the monitoring system is
moved to a different transformer, the System Administrator can reset this value
to zero. This counter provides the number of operations on each tap position, the
total number of operations, and the date when the system was put in service.
The total number of operations performed prior to the commissioning of the
system can also be taken into account.
The Operator Tap Position Transition Count can be reset by the Operator when
there is a need to check the number of operations in one day, or several days, in
order to demonstrate that the tap changer control unit is operating properly.
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This counter provides the number of operations on each tap position, the
maximum and minimum positions visited by the tap changer since the last reset,
and the date of the last reset.
The Maintenance Tap Position Transition Count is used by maintenance
personnel to assess the need for maintenance and to plan maintenance
schedules. It is typically reset every three or four years when an inspection
activity is performed on the unit. This counter provides the number of operations
on each tap position, the maximum and minimum positions visited by the tap
changer since the last reset, and the date of the last reset.
A long-term averaged value is generated with a configurable filtering factor typically set
at 7 days. This long-term average is intended to detect slow-evolving thermal problems
such as contact overheating. The measured temperature difference is averaged over a
round number of days to filter out the daily temperature variations.
The Temperature Model is specific to the Hydran M2. It displays a trend for the
temperature readings taken for the thermal sensors supported on the Hydran M2.
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Top Oil Temperature °C
Tank #1 %RH Sensor Temperature °C Hourly Average (Relative Humidity)
Sensor #1 Hydran Sensor Temperature °C
Sensor #1 Base Plate Temperature °C
The Hydran Reading worksheet is specific to the Hydran M2. It displays the Hydran gas
level readings taken from the device as well as the Hydran Sensor Temperature.
The gas levels are displayed as actual level in PPM, Hourly Trend in PPM and Daily Trend
in PPM.
The Transformer Status Model is specific to the Intellix MO150. It combines information
from other models calculations into one worksheet.
The transformer manufacturer usually provides a control system that offers several
basic features that are not duplicated by this model and need to be maintained:
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costs. Beyond the basic features provided by the transformer manufacturer control
system, this model provides the following functions:
Beside input from top oil and winding temperature, it is now possible to link
cooler initiation to the load current, thus providing an earlier start when a
sudden overload occurs.
The transformer rating can be adjusted to the ambient temperature to have a
more consistent cooler operation. For example, in winter, cooling stages 1 and 2
start at ahigher current.
The transformer rating can also be adjusted to the altitude. At higher altitude,
the ratedcurrent is reduced to account for reduced air density, therefore the
cooling system should be started at lower load current.
For transformers with two cooling banks, a duty-sharing function can be
initiated. Many users prefer to alternate the usage of cooling banks to equalize
the wear on bearings and extend the period between fan motor maintenance.
The cumulative operating time is computed for each cooling bank.
A temporization function is included to avoid the two cooling banks from starting
at the same time.
The current drawn by the two cooling banks is monitored with two dedicated
analog inputs. These values can be used to detect cooling bank status if no
digital input is available for this purpose.
A cooler exercising routine can be used to run the units for a few minutes every
week.
Continuous measurement of cooling bank current is also used to detect
malfunction when the current is significantly below or significantly above the
rated values.
A cooling discrepancy function will raise an alarm whenever the cooling status
of one cooling bank is not reflecting the cooling control instruction that was
issued.
The Cooling Control model is intended for transformers that have two or three ratings
related to specific cooling modes. The lowest rating is defined as “cooling stage 0”, and
it usually applies to the natural cooling of the transformer tank without any fan or
pump. In other words, this mode is not controlled by the cooling control system. Some
transformers (such as indoor generating units) have only one cooling mode, so that
whenever the transformer is energized, the full cooling is automatically initiated. These
units are treated as having only cooling stage 0, and several of the control features
described below are not applicable.
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Appendix F Offline DGA & Oil Quality Workflow
Perception Fleet deploys the Offline DGA & Oil Quality workflow to evaluate transformer
risk. The workflow evaluates DGA data including moisture and additional oil properties
from laboratory analysis results to calculate the risk index for a transformer.
Follow these steps to implement the offline risk workflow in Perception Desktop.
Use an editor to create or modify a CSV file with the necessary offline measurements
data. The available parameters are listed in Table F—1.
Specify the list of parameters, populate them with values and save the file. Note: A sample
CSV file called “Offline_Oil_Analysis_Example.csv” is located on the installation CD in the “Example Files”
folder.
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1mm and -2mm
pf25 Fluid Power Factor at 25 C
pf100 Fluid Power Factor at 100 C
totalfuran Total furans
resistivity_20 Resistivity at 20 C (gigohm-meters)
sludge Sediment and sludge, %
h2 Hydrogen concentration in PPM
ch4 Methane concentration in PPM
c2h6 Ethane concentration in PPM
c2h4 Ethylene concentration in PPM
c2h2 Acetylene concentration in PPM
co Carbon Monoxide concentration in PPM
co2 Carbon Dioxide concentration in PPM
Standard TOA4 field names are also supported. See Appendix F.2 for more details on
supported parameters.
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Figure F—2: Workflow Associations
7. Select Tools > Workflow Scheduler, select Enabled and specify the period.
An asterisk (*) in each time field signifies workflow calculation on a minute-
by-minute basis.
8. Wait the specified workflow calculation period e.g. 1 minute.
9. Select the transformer instance and then select the Dashboard tab.
10. Select the Ranking Graph.
The Risk Index and status message display.
11. In the Asset Explorer, select the Ranking tab and rest the mouse pointer over a
transformer.
A popup displays with the Risk Score.
The voltage class is configured using the ‘Rated Voltage Max. (kV)’ property.
The IEEE standard doesn't define literal values and differentiates classes as follows:
>=230kV
>69kV - <230kV
<=69kV
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F.2.1 IEC Oil Quality Configuration Parameters
ISO 2049 & ASTM D1500 specifies a method for the visual determination of the colour of
a variety of petroleum products.
Name Color
Type Float
Units 0-8
Standard ISO 2049
A method of visually inspecting the appearance of the oil and categorising it as either
‘Dark’ or ‘Clear’.
Name Visual
Type Text(30)
Units -
Standard -
IEC 60156 specifies the method for determining the dielectric breakdown voltage of
insulating liquids at power frequency.
Name iec156
Type float
Units kV
Standard IEC60156
IEC 60814 describes methods for the determination of water in insulating liquids and in
oil-impregnated cellulosic insulation with coulometrically generated Karl Fischer
reagent.
Name fq_water
Type float
Units ppm
Standard IEC60814
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F.2.1.5 Acid Number (acidity)
IEC 62021-1 & 2 describes the procedure for the determination of the acidity of unused
and used electrical mineral insulating oils.
Name acidnum
Type float
Units mg KOH/g
Standard IEC 62021-1
Or
IEC 62021-2
IEC 60247 describes methods for the determination of the dielectric dissipation factor
(tan δ), relative permittivity and d.c. resistivity of any insulating liquid material at the test
temperature.
Name tan_delta
Type float
Units %
Standard IEC 60247
F.2.1.7 Resistivity at 20 °C
Describes methods for the determination of the dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ),
relative permittivity and d.c. resistivity of any insulating liquid material at the test
temperature of 20 °C.
Name resistivity_20
Type float
Units Gohm-m
Standard IEC 60247
F.2.1.8 Resistivity at 90 °C
Describes methods for the determination of the dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ),
relative permittivity and d.c. resistivity of any insulating liquid material at the test
temperature of 90 °C.
Name resistivity
Type float
Units Gohm-m
Standard IEC 60247
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F.2.1.9 Oxidation Inhibitor Concentration
IEC 60666 specifies the concentration of the oxidation inhibitor for the detection and
determination of specified additives in unused and used mineral insulating oils.
Name inhibitor
Type float
Units %
Standard IEC 60666
An Inhibitor value can be added at any time. However, Perception doesn’t automatically
update the initial concentration value — this must be done manually by the user via the
Transformer Properties as shown in Figure F—3.
An offline measurement of the inhibitor concentration should reveal a drop from the
initial inhibitor concentration. The user should calculate the percentage drop and record
this percentage value in the Inhibitor field of the CSV file. Perception calculates the risk
for the inhibitor component based on the rate of change from the initial concentration.
If the initial inhibitor concentration is unknown, the user can specify the volume and
then click Default to generate a reference point value (based on 0.3% of the oil volume).
Annex C of IEC 60422 describes a test method for the determination of sediment and
sludge.
Name sludge
Type float
Units %
Standard Annex C of IEC 60422
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F.2.1.11 Interfacial Tension (IFT)
ASTM D971 describes the measurement of the interfacial tension between mineral oil
and water, under non-equilibrium conditions
Name ift
Type float
Units mN/m
Standard ASTM D971, EN 14210
Note: Risk is calculated in different ways for inhibited and uninhibited oil.
IEC 61619 specifies a method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
concentration in non-halogenated insulating liquids by high-resolution capillary column
gas chromatography using an electron capture detector (ECD).
Name totalpcb
Type float
Units ppm
Standard IEC 61619
Note: This parameter is specified in ppm (mg/kg) and recorded in the CSV file. The default value is 50 and
is compared to the Total PCB Limit transformer property as shown in Figure F—4. Excluding a value (or
any value less than 50) means the parameter does not factor in risk calculations.
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F.2.1.13 Corrosive Sulfur Test Result
IEC 62535 specifies a test method for the detection of potentially corrosive sulfur in
used and unused mineral insulating oil.
F.2.1.14 Passivator
IEC 60666 specifies the detection and determination of additives in unused and used
mineral insulating oils. Annex B specifically defines the analysis method for
determination of passivators in mineral oils by high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC)
Name passivator
Type float
Units ppm
Standard IEC 60666-2010 annex B
If a passivator is added to the oil, the Passivator value should be modified accordingly.
However, Perception doesn’t automatically update the Passivator value — this must be
manually performed by the user via the CSV file.
IEC 61198 specifies test methods for the analysis of 2-furfural and related furan
compounds resulting from the degradation of cellulosic insulation and found in mineral
insulating oil samples taken from electrical equipment.
Name totalfuran
Type float
Units ppb
Standard IEC 61198
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F.2.2 IEEE Oil Quality Configuration Parameters
ASTM D1500 & ISO 2049 specifies a method for the visual determination of the colour of
a variety of petroleum products.
Name color
Type float
Units -
Standard ASTM D 1500
ASTM D1816 specifies the method for determining the dielectric breakdown voltage of
insulating liquids at power frequency for a 1 mm gap and 2 mm gap.
ASTM D1533 specifies methods for the determination of water in insulating liquids and
in oil-impregnated cellulosic insulation with coulometrically generated Karl Fischer
reagent.
Name fq_water
Type float
Units ppm
Standard ASTM D 1533
Name acidnum
Type float
Units mg KOH/g
Standard ASTM D 664, ASTM D974
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F.2.2.5 Fluid Power Factor at 25 °C
Describes methods for the determination of the dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ),
relative permittivity and d.c. resistivity of any insulating liquid material at the test
temperature of 25 °C.
Name pf25
Type float
Units %
Standard ASTM D924 25C
Describes methods for the determination of the dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ),
relative permittivity and d.c. resistivity of any insulating liquid material at the test
temperature of 100 °C.
Name pf100
Type float
Units %
Standard ASTM D924 100C
ASTM D2668 & ASTM D4768 specify the determination of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol
and 2,6- ditertiary-butyl phenol in new and used insulating liquids at concentrations up
to 0.5 %.
Name inhibitor
Type float
Units %
Standard ASTM D2668, ASTM D4768
Note: The calculation is based on the value provided in the CSV file according to the risk index table. The
‘Initial inhibitor concentration’ field is not used in the IEEE standard.
ASTM D 971 & ASTM D2285 specified a test method covering the measurement of the
interfacial tension between mineral oil and water, under non-equilibrium conditions.
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Name ift
Type float
Units mN/m
Standard ASTM D 971, ASTM D2285
ASTM D4059 specifies a method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
concentration in non-halogenated insulating liquids by high resolution capillary column
gas chromatography using an electron capture detector (ECD).
Name totalpcb
Type float
Units ppm
Standard ASTM D4059
Note: The calculation is performed in the same way as the IEC standard.
ASTM D1275 method A & DIN 51353 method B describes the detection of corrosive
sulfur compounds (both inorganic and organic) in electrical insulating oils of petroleum
origin.
F.2.2.11 Passivator
ASTM D3487 specifies properties for new mineral insulating oil of petroleum origin for
use as an insulating and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution
electrical apparatus.
Name passivator
Type float
Units ppm
Standard ASTM D3487
Note: The calculation is performed in the same way as the IEC standard.
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F.2.2.12 Total Furans
ASTM D5837 specifies test methods for the analysis of 2-furfural and related furan
compounds resulting from the degradation of cellulosic insulation and found in mineral
insulating oil samples taken from electrical equipment.
Name totalfuran
Type float
Units ppb
Standard ASTM D5837
IEEE C57.104 specifies condition levels for absolute dissolved gas concentration in
transformer insulation oil.
Name h2
Type float
Units ppm
Standard C57.104
Name ch4
Type float
Units ppm
Standard C57.104
Name c2h6
Type float
Units ppm
Standard C57.104
Name c2h4
Type float
Units ppm
Standard C57.104
Name c2h2
Type float
Units ppm
Standard C57.104
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Name co
Type float
Units ppm
Standard C57.104
Name co2
Type float
Units ppm
Standard C57.104
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Contact details & Copyright statement
Digital Energy
Lissue Industrial Estate East
Lissue Road, Lisburn, BT28 2LU
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 2892 622915
Fax:+44 (0) 2892 622202
[email protected]
GEDigitalEnergy.com
Digital Energy
Customer Service Centre
(24 hours a day, 365 days a year):
T 800 361 3652 (United States and Canada)
T +1 403 214 4600 (worldwide)
[email protected]
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