Gravity Settling
Gravity Settling
Gravity Settling
wg F
Buoyancy friction
force
m
mg
mg mg
By force balance 𝑚𝑔 − 𝑤𝑔 − 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑚𝑔 − 𝑤𝑔 − 𝐹 = 0
Stocks law for friction 𝐹 = 3𝜋𝜇𝑑𝑉𝑡
𝑑3𝜋 𝑑3𝜋
𝜌 𝑔− 𝜌 𝑔 − 3𝜋𝜇𝑑𝑉𝑡 = 0
6 𝑝 6 𝑓
𝑑 2 (𝜌𝑝 − 𝜌𝑓 )𝑔
𝑉𝑡 = 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
18𝜇
𝑑 = 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝜌𝑝 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑
𝜌𝑓 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝜇 = 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑
The time required for the particle at height y above the lower tray
to settle onto the tray is given by;
𝑦
𝑡=
𝑉𝑡
If the particular particle just settles out by the time it reaches the
end of the tray, this time is also given by the time required for the particle
to travel from one end of the tray to the other. This time is given by;
𝐿
𝑡=
𝑉
By equating the equation one can obtain;
𝐿𝑉𝑡
𝑦=
𝑉
The collection efficiency of particle having the diameter used in
the calculating 𝑉𝑡 is;
𝑦 𝐿. 𝑉𝑡 𝑛𝑊𝐿𝑉𝑡
𝜂= = =
∆𝐻 𝑉. ∆𝐻 𝑄
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑄 = 𝑛. 𝑊. ∆𝐻. 𝑉
The hydraulic diameter 𝐷ℎ for the passage between trays is given by;
In general ∆𝐻 = 10 𝑐𝑚
𝑉𝐷ℎ 𝜌 𝑉𝐷ℎ
𝑅𝑒 = =
𝜇 𝜐
2𝑄𝜌
𝑅𝑒 = 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙
𝑛𝜇(𝑊 + ∆𝐻)
2𝑄𝜌
If no dust layer collected on the tray 𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇(𝑛𝑊+𝐻)
2𝑄𝜌
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇(𝑛𝑊 + 𝐻 − 𝑛𝐻𝑑 )
To evaluate the constant C we note that when x=0 then N=No, so that
C=No.
Since the materials cost use to bulid the gravity settler are
proportional to the volume of materials; and for since the thickness is
the same for all competing designs, so that material costs are proportinal
to the surface area. Thus let as take the total cost as a linear function of
the surface area of the unit.
The interval of dust removal can be predicted from the gas - flow
rate,mass - volume concentration, and allowable accumulation just prior
to removal.
𝑚̇𝑃 = 𝐶𝑚𝑣 𝑄
𝑚𝑑 = 𝜂𝑚̇ 𝑝 𝑡 = 𝜂𝐶𝑚𝑣 𝑄𝑡
Solving the above eqs. for t gives the time of removal as;
𝑚𝑑 𝑉𝑑 𝜌𝑑
𝑡= =
𝜂𝐶𝑚𝑣 𝑄 𝜂𝐶𝑚𝑣 𝑄