Poems by Hermann Hesse
Poems by Hermann Hesse
Poems by Hermann Hesse
- poems -
Biography
Family background
Hermann Hesse was born on 2 July 1877 in the Black Forest town of Calw in
Württemberg, Germany. Both of Hesse's parents served in India at a mission
under the auspices of the Basel Mission, a Protestant Christian missionary
society. Hesse's mother, Marie Gundert, was born at such a mission in India in
1842. In describing her own childhood, she said, "A happy child I was not..." As
was usual among missionaries at the time, she was left behind in Europe at the
age of four when her parents went to India. In her teens she attempted to rebel
against her authoritarian father, Hermann Gundert, but finally submitted.
Hesse's father, Johannes Hesse, the son of a doctor, was born in 1847 in the
Estonian town of Paide (Weissenstein). In his own way, Dr Hesse was just as
tyrannical as Dr Gundert. Once Johannes Hesse was married, he moved into his
father-in-law's house. Due at least in part to the crowded conditions there, in
1889 he suffered his first bout of deep depression. He continued to have such
attacks of "melancholia, weeping and headaches" for the rest of his life.
Since Johannes Hesse belonged to the sizable German minority in that part of the
Baltic region, which was then under the rule of the Russian Empire, his son
Hermann was at birth both a citizen of the German Empire and of the Russian
Empire. Hesse had five siblings, two of whom died in infancy. In 1873, the Hesse
family moved to Calw, where his father worked for the Calwer Verlagsverein, a
publishing house specializing in theological texts and schoolbooks. Hesse's
grandfather Hermann Gundert managed the publishing house at the time, and
Johannes Hesse succeeded him in 1893.
From early on, Hermann Hesse appeared headstrong and hard for his family to
handle. In a letter to her husband Johannes Hesse, Hermann's mother Marie
wrote: "The little fellow has a life in him, an unbelievable strength, a powerful
will, and, for his four years of age, a truly astonishing mind. How can he express
all that? It truly gnaws at my life, this internal fighting against his tyrannical
temperament, his passionate turbulence [...] God must shape this proud spirit,
then it will become something noble and magnificent -- but I shudder to think
what this young and passionate person might become should his upbringing be
false or weak."
Hesse showed signs of serious depression as early as his first year at school.
Young Hesse shared a love of music with his mother. Both music and poetry were
Education
In 1881, when Hesse was four, the family moved to Basel, Switzerland, staying
for six years and then returning to Calw. After successful attendance at the Latin
School in Göppingen, Hesse began to attend the Evangelical Theological
Seminary of Maulbronn Abbey in 1891. Here, in March 1892, Hesse showed his
rebellious character, and, in one instance, he fled from the Seminary and was
found in a field a day later. Hesse began a journey through various institutions
and schools and experienced intense conflicts with his parents. In May, after an
attempt at suicide, he spent time at an institution in Bad Boll under the care of
theologian and minister Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt. Later, he was placed in a
mental institution in Stetten im Remstal, and then a boys' institution in Basel. At
the end of 1892, he attended the Gymnasium in Cannstatt. In 1893, he passed
the One Year Examination, which concluded his schooling. The same year, he
began hanging out with older companions and took up drinking and smoking.
Becoming a writer
During this time, he was introduced to the home of Fraulein von Reutern, a friend
of his family. There he met with young people of his own age. His relationships
with his contemporaries was "problematic," in that most of them were now at
university. This usually left him feeling awkward in social situations.
From the autumn of 1899, Hesse worked in a distinguished antique book shop in
Basel. Through family contacts, he stayed with the intellectual families of Basel.
In this environment with rich stimuli for his pursuits, he further developed
spiritually and artistically. At the same time, Basel offered the solitary Hesse
many opportunities for withdrawal into a private life of artistic self-exploration,
journeys and wanderings. In 1900, Hesse was exempted from compulsory
military service due to an eye condition. This, along with nerve disorders and
persistent headaches, affected him his entire life.
In 1901, Hesse undertook to fulfill a long-held dream and travelled for the first
time to Italy. In the same year, Hesse changed jobs and began working at the
antiquarium Wattenwyl in Basel. Hesse had more opportunities to release poems
and small literary texts to journals. These publications now provided
honorariums. His new bookstore agreed to publish his next work, Posthumous
Writings and Poems of Hermann Lauscher. In 1902, his mother died after a long
and painful illness. He could not bring himself to attend her funeral, afraid that it
Due to the good notices he received for Lauscher, the publisher Samuel Fischer
became interested in Hesse and, with the novel Peter Camenzind, which
appeared first as a pre-publication in 1903 and then as a regular printing by
Fischer in 1904, came a breakthrough: from now on, Hesse could make a living
as a writer. The novel became popular throughout Germany. Sigmund Freud
"praised Peter Camenzind as one of his favorite readings."
With the literary fame, Hesse married Maria Bernoulli (of the famous family of
mathematicians) in 1904, settled down with her in Gaienhofen on Lake
Constance, and began a family, eventually having three sons. In Gaienhofen, he
wrote his second novel, Beneath the Wheel, which was published in 1906. In the
following time, he composed primarily short stories and poems. His story "The
Wolf," written in 1906-07, was "quite possibly" a foreshadowing of Steppenwolf.
His next novel, Gertrude, published in 1910, revealed a production crisis, he had
to struggle through writing it, and he later would describe it as "a miscarriage".
Gaienhofen was the place where Hesse's interest in Buddhism was re-sparked.
Following a letter to Kapff in 1895 entitled Nirvana, Hesse had ceased alluding to
Buddhist references in his work. In 1904, however, Arthur Schopenhauer and his
philosophical ideas started receiving attention again, and Hesse discovered
theosophy. Schopenhauer and theosophy renewed Hesse's interest in India.
Although it was many years before the publication of Hesse's Siddhartha (1922),
this masterpiece was to be derived from these new influences.
During this time, there also was increased dissonance between him and Maria,
and in 1911 Hesse left for a long trip to Sri Lanka and Indonesia. He also visited
Sumatra, Borneo, and Burma, but "the physical experience... was to depress
him." Any spiritual or religious inspiration that he was looking for eluded him, but
the journey made a strong impression on his literary work. Following Hesse's
return, the family moved to Bern (1912), but the change of environment could
not solve the marriage problems, as he himself confessed in his novel Rosshalde
from 1914.
At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Hesse registered himself as a
volunteer with the Imperial army, saying that he could not sit inactively by a
warm fireplace while other young authors were dying on the front. He was
This public controversy was not yet resolved when a deeper life crisis befell
Hesse with the death of his father on 8 March 1916, the serious sickness of his
son Martin, and his wife's schizophrenia. He was forced to leave his military
service and begin receiving psychotherapy. This began for Hesse a long
preoccupation with psychoanalysis, through which he came to know Carl Jung
personally, and was challenged to new creative heights. During a three-week
period in September and October 1917, Hesse penned his novel Demian, which
would be published following the armistice in 1919 under the pseudonym Emil
Sinclair.
Casa Camuzzi
By the time Hesse returned to civilian life in 1919, his marriage had shattered.
His wife had a severe episode of psychosis, but, even after her recovery, Hesse
saw no possible future with her. Their home in Bern was divided, and Hesse
resettled alone in the middle of April in Ticino. He occupied a small farm house
near Minusio (close to Locarno), living from 25 April to 11 May in Sorengo. On 11
May, he moved to the town Montagnola and rented four small rooms in a castle-
like building, the Casa Camuzzi. Here, he explored his writing projects further; he
began to paint, an activity reflected in his next major story, "Klingsor's Last
Summer", published in 1920. In 1922, Hesse's novella Siddhartha appeared,
which showed the love for Indian culture and Buddhist philosophy that had
already developed in his earlier life. In 1924, Hesse married the singer Ruth
Wenger, the daughter of the Swiss writer Lisa Wenger and aunt of Meret
Oppenheim. This marriage never attained any stability, however.
In 1923, Hesse received Swiss citizenship. His next major works, Kurgast (1925)
and The Nuremberg Trip (1927), were autobiographical narratives with ironic
undertones and foreshadowed Hesse's following novel, Steppenwolf, which was
In 1931, Hesse began planning what would become his last major work, The
Glass Bead Game (aka Magister Ludi). In 1932, as a preliminary study, he
released the novella Journey to the East. The Glass Bead Game was printed in
1943 in Switzerland. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1946.
Hesse observed the rise to power of Nazism in Germany with concern. In 1933,
Bertolt Brecht and Thomas Mann made their travels into exile and, in both cases,
were aided by Hesse. In this way, Hesse attempted to work against Hitler's
suppression of art and literature that protested Nazi ideology. "[H]is third wife
..was Jewish and his opposition to anti-Semitism was expressed publicly long
before then." Hesse was criticized for not condemning the Nazi party, but his
failure to criticize or support any political idea stemmed from his "politics of
detachment [...] At no time did he openly condemn (the Nazis), although his
detestation of their politics is beyond question." From the end of the 1930s,
German journals stopped publishing Hesse's work, and it was eventually banned
by the Nazis.
The Glass Bead Game was Hesse's last novel. During the last twenty years of his
life, Hesse wrote many short stories (chiefly recollections of his childhood) and
poems (frequently with nature as their theme). Hesse wrote ironic essays about
his alienation from writing (for instance, the mock autobiographies: Life Story
Briefly Told and Aus den Briefwechseln eines Dichters) and spent much time
pursuing his interest in watercolours. Hesse also occupied himself with the steady
stream of letters he received as a result of the Nobel Prize, and as a new
generation of German readers explored his work. In one essay, Hesse reflected
wryly on his lifelong failure to acquire a talent for idleness and speculated that
his average daily correspondence was in excess of 150 pages. He died on 9
August 1962 and was buried in the cemetery at San Abbondio in Montagnola,
where Hugo Ball is also buried.
Throughout Germany, many schools are named after him. In 1964, the Calwer
Hermann-Hesse-Preis was founded, which is awarded every two years,
Influence
Following the death of Hesse in 1962, his novels saw a revival in popularity
because of their association with some of the popular themes of the 1960s
counterculture (or hippie) movement. In particular, the quest-for-enlightenment
theme of Siddhartha, Journey to the East, and Narcissus and Goldmund
resonated with those espousing counter-cultural ideals. The "magic theatre"
sequences in Steppenwolf were interpreted by some as drug-induced
psychedelia. These and other Hesse novels were republished in paperback
editions and were widely read by university students and young people in the
United States and elsewhere.
Hesse's Siddhartha is one of the most popular Western novels set in India. An
authorized translation of Siddhartha was published in the Malayalam language in
1990, the language that surrounded Hesse's grandfather, Hermann Gundert, for
most of his life. A Hermann Hesse Society of India has also been formed. It aims
to bring out authentic translations of Siddhartha in all Indian languages. It has
already prepared the Sanskrit translation of Siddhartha.
One enduring monument to Hesse's lasting popularity in the United States is the
Magic Theatre in San Francisco. Referring to "The Magic Theatre for Madmen
Only" in Steppenwolf (a kind of spiritual and somewhat nightmarish cabaret
attended by some of the characters, including Harry Haller), the Magic Theatre
was founded in 1967 to perform works by new playwrights. Founded by John
Lion, the Magic Theatre has fulfilled that mission for many years, including the
world premieres of many plays by Sam Shepard.
There is also a theater in Chicago named after the novel, Steppenwolf Theater.
Awards
1906 - Bauernfeld-Preis
1928 - Mejstrik-Preis of the Schiller Foundation in Vienna
1936 - Gottfried-Keller-Preis
1946 - Goethe Prize
1946 - Nobel Prize in Literature
1947 - Honorary Doctorate from the University of Bern
1950 - Wilhelm-Raabe-Preis
Submitted by Holt
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Hesse
Submitted by Holt
Hermann Hesse
Submitted by Holt
Hermann Hesse
Submitted by Holt
Hermann Hesse
Graceful, spiritual,
with the gentleness of arabesques
our life is similar
to the existence of fairies
that spin in soft cadence
around nothingness
to which we sacrifice
the here and now
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Hesse
Submitted by Holt
Hermann Hesse
Submitted by Holt
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Hesse
1911
Hermann Hesse
- And maybe
You are already silent, already dead, and the day
Will shine no longer into your beloved
Serious eyes, and your beloved brown hand hangs wilted,
And your white forehead split open- Oh, if only,
If only, just once, that last day, I had shown you, told you
Something of my love, that was too timid to speak!
Submitted by Holt
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Hesse