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Detection

The document describes the implementation details and program code for detecting copy-move forgery in digital images using exact and robust matching methods in MATLAB. It provides the MATLAB code to read an image, convert it to grayscale, extract blocks, calculate differences between blocks, and detect duplicated blocks to identify forged regions. It also lists MATLAB functions such as imread(), rgb2gray(), im2col(), sortrows(), diff(), abs(), and sum() used in the program code.

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kirandasi123
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585 views4 pages

Detection

The document describes the implementation details and program code for detecting copy-move forgery in digital images using exact and robust matching methods in MATLAB. It provides the MATLAB code to read an image, convert it to grayscale, extract blocks, calculate differences between blocks, and detect duplicated blocks to identify forged regions. It also lists MATLAB functions such as imread(), rgb2gray(), im2col(), sortrows(), diff(), abs(), and sum() used in the program code.

Uploaded by

kirandasi123
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER-5 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

5.5. PROGRAM CODE

5.5..1 INTRODUCTION
The following Matlab code is executed on Microsoft windows XP professional version
2002 with intel ( R) Pentium ( R) D CPU 3.00GHZ 3.01GHZ and 1GB RAM system and
the Matlab software version used is 7.0.

5.5.2 PROGRAM CODE FOR EXACT MATCH METHOD


clear all;
close all;
% Converting an RGB image into a Grey scale image
A1= imread('image.bmp');
A= rgb2gray(A1);
figure,imshow(A);
[m n]=size(A);
% Preparing the index regarding the row and column position of the matrix
index=[];
for j=1:n-(B-1)
for i=1:m-(B-1)
index=[index;i,j];
end
end
[y u]=size(index);
% Sliding a B x B block along the image
A1=A(:,1:187);
A2=im2col(A1,[B B],'sliding');
A3=A2';
A4=A(:,183:370);
A5=im2col(A4,[B B ],'sliding');
A6=A5';
A7=[A3;A6]; % Resultant matrix of size (m-B+1)(n-B+1) by BxB
A8=length(A7);
[B,index1]=sortrows(A7); % preparing the index for the resultant matrix

% Identifying identical rows


B1=diff(B);
B2=B(1,:);
B3=[B2;B1];
B4=abs(B3);
B5=B(1:A8-1,:)-B(2:A8,:);
B6=B(A8,:);
B7=[B5;B6];
B8=abs(B7);
C=B4';
C1=sum(C);
C2=C1';

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DETECTION OF COPY MOVE FORGERY IN DIGITAL IMAGES
CHAPTER-5 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

C3=B8';
C4=sum(C3);
C5=C4';
C6=C2.*C5;
D=find(C6==0);
E=index1([D]);
r=index([E],:);
G=length(r);
for H=1:G
p=r(H,1);
q=r(H,2);
A(p,q)=255;
end
figure,imshow(A);

5.5.3 PROGRAM CODE FOR ROBUST MATCH METHOD


clear all;
close all;
% Converting an RGB image into a Grey scale image
A1=imread('buck.bmp');
A=rgb2gray(A1);
figure,imshow(A);
[m n]=size(A);
% Preparing the index regarding the row and column position of the matrix
index=[];
for j=1:n-7
for i=1:m-7
index=[index;i,j];
end
end
[y u]=size(index);
% Sliding a B x B block along the image
A1=A(:,1:188);
A2=im2col(A1,[8 8],'sliding');
A3=A2';
A4=A(:,182:368);
A5=im2col(A4,[8 8],'sliding');
A6=A5';
A7=[A3;A6]; % Resultant matrix of size (m-B+1)(n-B+1) by BxB
A8=length(A7);
[o y]=size(A7);
l=[16 11 10 16 24 40 51 61;12 12 14 19 26 58 60 55;14 13 16 24 40 57 69 56;14 17 22
29 51 87 80 62;18 22 37 56 68 109 103 77;24 35 55 64 81 104 113 92;49 64 78 87 103
121 120 101;72 92 95 98 112 100 103 99]; % 8 X 8 quantization matrix
% calculating DCT for each block and dividing by quantization matrix
for v=1:o
j=col2im(A7(v,:),[1 1],[8 8],'sliding');
t=dct2(j);

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DETECTION OF COPY MOVE FORGERY IN DIGITAL IMAGES
CHAPTER-5 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

Z=t./l;
k=reshape(Z,1,y);
A7(v,:)=k;
end
[B,index1]=sortrows(A7);
% Identifying identical rows
B1=diff(B);
B2=B(1,:);
B3=[B2;B1];
B4=abs(B3);
B5=B(1:A8-1,:)-B(2:A8,:);
B6=B(A8,:);
B7=[B5;B6];
B8=abs(B7);
C=B4';
C1=sum(C);
C2=C1';
C3=B8';
C4=sum(C3);
C5=C4';
C6=C2.*C5;
D=find(C6==0);
E=index1([D]);
r=index([E],:);
G=length(r);
for H=1:G
p=r(H,1);
q=r(H,2);
A(p,q)=255;
endfigure,
imshow(A);

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DETECTION OF COPY MOVE FORGERY IN DIGITAL IMAGES
CHAPTER-5 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

5.5.4 MATLAB FUNCTIONS USED AND THEIR DESCRIPTION

IMREAD : The imread function reads an image from any supported graphics image file
format, in any of the supported bit depths. Most image file formats use 8 bits to store
pixel values. When these are read into memory, MATLAB stores them as class uint8.
For file formats that support 16-bit data, PNG and TIFF, MATLAB stores the images as
class uint16.

RGB2GRAY : rgb2gray converts RGB images to grayscale by eliminating the hue and
saturation information while retaining the luminance.

IM2COL : Converts each sliding m-by-n block of A into a column of B, with no zero
padding. B has m*n rows and contains as many columns as there are m-by-n
neighborhoods of A. If the size of A is [mm nn], then the size of B is (m*n)-by-((mm-
m+1)*(nn-n+1)).

SORTROWS : Sort rows in ascending order


[B,index] = sortrows(A) also returns an index vector index.

DIFF : Y = diff(X) calculates differences between adjacent elements of X. If X is a


vector, then diff(X) returns a vector, one element shorter than X, of differences between
adjacent elements: [X(2)-X(1) X(3)-X(2) ... X(n)-X(n-1)]
If X is a matrix, then diff(X) returns a matrix of row differences: [X(2:m,:)-X(1:m-1,:)]

ABS : abs(X) returns an array Y such that each element of Y is the absolute value of
the corresponding element of X.

SUM : B = sum(A) returns sums along different dimensions of an array. If A is a vector,


sum(A) returns the sum of the elements. If A is a matrix, sum(A) treats the columns of A
as vectors, returning a row vector of the sums of each column. If A is a
multidimensional array, sum(A) treats the values along the first non-singleton dimension
as vectors, returning an array of row vectors.

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DETECTION OF COPY MOVE FORGERY IN DIGITAL IMAGES

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