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    A R P RS V N Q AV: NPTEL Course Developer For Fluid Mechanics Dr. Niranjan Sahoo Module 04 Lecture 33 IIT-Guwahati

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    lawan
    This document provides examples and exercises related to open channel flow. Example 3 determines the relationship between depth of flow (d) and bed width (a) for maximum velocity and maximum discharge in a triangular channel. The relationships are found to be d = 0.34a for maximum velocity and d = 0.44a for maximum discharge. Example 4 increases the discharge in a rectangular channel by changing its cross-sectional dimensions while keeping the wetted perimeter constant. The new dimensions are found to be a depth of 1.85m and width of 3.7m, providing a 24.45% increase in discharge. Several exercises are then provided to calculate discharge, velocity, shear stress, dimensions and other parameters for various channel geometries

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    A R P RS V N Q AV: NPTEL Course Developer For Fluid Mechanics Dr. Niranjan Sahoo Module 04 Lecture 33 IIT-Guwahati

    Uploaded by

    lawan
    33 views4 pages
    This document provides examples and exercises related to open channel flow. Example 3 determines the relationship between depth of flow (d) and bed width (a) for maximum velocity and maximum discharge in a triangular channel. The relationships are found to be d = 0.34a for maximum velocity and d = 0.44a for maximum discharge. Example 4 increases the discharge in a rectangular channel by changing its cross-sectional dimensions while keeping the wetted perimeter constant. The new dimensions are found to be a depth of 1.85m and width of 3.7m, providing a 24.45% increase in discharge. Several exercises are then provided to calculate discharge, velocity, shear stress, dimensions and other parameters for various channel geometries

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    This document provides examples and exercises related to open channel flow. Example 3 determines the relationship between depth of flow (d) and bed width (a) for maximum velocity and maximum discharge in a triangular channel. The relationships are found to be d = 0.34a for maximum velocity and d = 0.44a for maximum discharge. Example 4 increases the discharge in a rectangular channel by changing its cross-sectional dimensions while keeping the wetted perimeter constant. The new dimensions are found to be a depth of 1.85m and width of 3.7m, providing a 24.45% increase in discharge. Several exercises are then provided to calculate discharge, velocity, shear stress, dimensions and other parameters for various channel geometries

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    33 views4 pages

    A R P RS V N Q AV: NPTEL Course Developer For Fluid Mechanics Dr. Niranjan Sahoo Module 04 Lecture 33 IIT-Guwahati

    Uploaded by

    lawan
    This document provides examples and exercises related to open channel flow. Example 3 determines the relationship between depth of flow (d) and bed width (a) for maximum velocity and maximum discharge in a triangular channel. The relationships are found to be d = 0.34a for maximum velocity and d = 0.44a for maximum discharge. Example 4 increases the discharge in a rectangular channel by changing its cross-sectional dimensions while keeping the wetted perimeter constant. The new dimensions are found to be a depth of 1.85m and width of 3.7m, providing a 24.45% increase in discharge. Several exercises are then provided to calculate discharge, velocity, shear stress, dimensions and other parameters for various channel geometries

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    NPTEL Course Developer for Fluid Mechanics Dr.

    Niranjan Sahoo
    Module 04; Lecture 33 IIT-Guwahati

    A 2.5
    Rh = = = 0.59
    P 4.24
    2
    R 2 3 S 1 2 ( 0.59 ) 3 ( 1 625 )
    0.5

    V= h 0 = = 0.95m/s
    n 0.03
    Discharge, Q = A �V = 2.375m 3 /s
    Average shear stress at the channel boundary,
    t = r gRh S0 = 1000 �9.81�0.59 �( 1/ 625 ) = 9.26 N m 2

    Example 3
    Water flows in channel (cross-section of the shape of isosceles triangle) of bed width a
    and sides making an angle 450 with the bed. Determine the relation between depth of flow
    d and the bed width a for the condition of: (i) maximum velocity; (ii) maximum
    discharge. Use Manning’s formula.
    Solution
    Water flow in a channel of isosceles triangular cross-section is shown in the following
    figure for which depth of flow and bed width are d and a , respectively.

    H J (a/2)

    45 deg. 45 deg.

    E F
    d a d

    Rh2 3 S01 2
    (i) By Manning equation, V=
    n
    The area of the flow and wetted perimeter for the above cross-section is given by,

    1
    NPTEL Course Developer for Fluid Mechanics Dr. Niranjan Sahoo
    Module 04; Lecture 33 IIT-Guwahati

    �EF + JH � � ( a - 2d ) + a �d = a - d d ; � d �A �= a - 2d
    A=� �d =� � ( ) � �
    � 2 � � 2 � d �d �
    d �P �
    P = EF + FJ + EH = a + 2 2d ; � �= 2 2
    d �d �
    For a given bed slope, the velocity will be maximum when,
    d �Rh � d ( A P) d �A � d �P �
    �= 0; � dd = 0; � P d �d �- A d �d �= 0
    d��d � ��
    Thus by substitution, 2.83d 2 + 2ad - a 2 = 0
    Solving the above quadratic equation, d = 0.34a

    1
    ARh2 3 S01 2 1 �A5 �
    1
    3
    (ii) Discharge, Q = AV
    . = = � 2 �S0
    2

    n n �P �

    For a given bed slope, the discharge will be maximum when,

    (
    d A5 P 2 ) = 0; � 5P d �A �- 2 A d �A �= 0
    �� ��
    dd d ��
    d d d
    d �P � d �A �
    Substituting � �and � �, we get,
    d �d � d �d �

    22.63d 2 + 1.5ad - 5a 2 = 0
    Solving the above quadratic equation, d = 0.44a

    Example 4
    A rectangular channel of 5m width and 1.2m deep has a slope of 1 in 1000 and is lined
    with rubber for which the Manning’s coefficient is 0.017. It is desired to increase the
    discharge to a maximum by changing the section so that the channel has same amount of
    lining. Find the new dimensions and probable increase in discharge.
    Solution
    Using Manning’s formula, the discharge through the channel is given by,
    ARh2 3 S01 2
    Q1 = AV
    . =
    n
    1 A
    Here, S0 = ; A = 5 �1.2 = 6m 2 ; P = 5 + ( 2 �1.2 ) = 7.4m; � Rh = = 0.81
    1000 P

    2
    NPTEL Course Developer for Fluid Mechanics Dr. Niranjan Sahoo
    Module 04; Lecture 33 IIT-Guwahati

    Substituting the values, Q1 = 9.7 m s


    3

    Let b and y be the width and depth of the flow for the new section of the channel. In
    order to have the same amount of lining,
    P = b + 2 y = 7.4
    For the discharge to be maximum in a rectangular channel, it can be proved that
    b = 2y

    Solving above two equation, y = 1.85m; b = 3.7m


    So, the area of cross-section and hydraulic radius for new channel cross-section becomes,
    A
    A = 6.845m 2 ; Rh = = 0.925m
    P

    ARh2 3 S01 2
    By Manning’s formula, new discharge, Q2 = AV
    . = = 12.1m3 s
    n
    Q2 - Q 1
    Percentage increase in discharge = �100 = 24.45%
    Q1

    EXERCISES
    1. Design a concrete lined channel (trapezoidal cross section) to carry a discharge of
    480m3/s at a velocity of 2.3m/s. The bed slope and the side slope of the channel are
    1:4000 and 1:1 respectively. Take Manning’s roughness coefficient for lining as 0.015.
    2. A canal of trapezoidal cross-section has a bed width of 8m and bed slope of 1:4000. If
    the depth of flow is 2.4m and side slopes are 1:3, then determine the average flow
    velocity and discharge in the channel. Also, compute the average shear stress at the
    channel boundary.
    3. A trapezoidal canal is to carry 50m3/s of water with a mean velocity of 0.6m/s. One
    side of the canal is vertical where as the other side has a slope of 1:3. Find the minimum
    hydraulic slope if the Manning’s coefficient is 0.015.
    4. Water flows in a channel as shown in the following figure. Find the discharge if
    Chezys constant is 60 and bed slope is 1 in 1000.

    3
    NPTEL Course Developer for Fluid Mechanics Dr. Niranjan Sahoo
    Module 04; Lecture 33 IIT-Guwahati

    1.4m

    0.7m

    0.7m

    5. Water flows in canal with bed slope of 1:2300. The cross-section of the canal is shown
    in the following figure. Estimate the discharge when the depth of water is 2.5m. Assume
    Chezy’s constant as 40.

    0.6m
    2.5m

    140m
    15m
    Side slope = 1 vertical to 2 horizontal

    6. A concrete lined circular channel of 0.6m diameter has a bed slope of 1: 500. Find the
    depth of flow when the discharge is 0.3m 3/s. Also, determine the velocity and flow rate
    for conditions of: (i) maximum velocity; (ii) maximum discharge. Assume Chezy’s
    constant as 40.

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