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MT 2017fall

The document is a 6-page midterm exam for an advanced calculus course containing 5 questions. It provides instructions for students to print their name, answer all questions directly on the exam, and shows they cannot use references. The first question contains 6 true/false statements about vector calculus concepts. The following questions involve computing line integrals of vector fields, finding potential functions to verify conservative fields, and applying Stokes' theorem.

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Strokes Theorem
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
34 views6 pages

MT 2017fall

The document is a 6-page midterm exam for an advanced calculus course containing 5 questions. It provides instructions for students to print their name, answer all questions directly on the exam, and shows they cannot use references. The first question contains 6 true/false statements about vector calculus concepts. The following questions involve computing line integrals of vector fields, finding potential functions to verify conservative fields, and applying Stokes' theorem.

Uploaded by

Strokes Theorem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
You are on page 1/ 6

McGill University

Faculty of Science

Midterm Examination
Math 264 Advanced Calculus for Engineers
(Version A)

Examiner: Dr. A. Wan Date: October 31, 2017


Time: 6:05 PM - 7:25 PM

First and Last name:

Student number:

This exam contains a total of 6 pages (including this cover page) and 5 questions.

Instructions

• Print your full name and student number clearly on each page. Question Points Score
• Answer all 5 questions directly on the exam; show all your work. 1 12
• If you need more space, use the back of the pages. 2 10

• This is a closed book exam. 3 10

• Calculators, notes, formula sheets are not permitted. 4 10


5 8
Total: 50
Full Name: Student number:

1. (12 marks) Circle only one of True (T) or False (F) to the following statements.

Assume φ, F and G below are all smooth functions.

Line integral of a vector field is independent of parameterization along the


(a) T F
same curve with the same orientation.
´
T rue . The integrand of Γ F · T̂ ds is fixed once the orientation is chosen and hence reduces to
a scalar line integral, which is independent of parameterization.

If ∇ × F = 0 on a simply-connected domain D, then F = ∇φ for some scalar


(b) T F
potential φ on D.

T rue . This is the sufficient condition for conservative vector fields discussed in class. Recall
∇ × F = 0 is equivalent to the necessary conditions of conservative vector field being satisfied.

Line integral of a non-conservative vector field over any closed curve must
(c) T F
be nonzero.

F alse . For example, the line integral along the closed curve in A1-Q5c was zero even though
the vector field was not conservative.

(d) T F The flux integral can be defined for any surface in R3 .

F alse . The surface needs to be at least orientable (i.e. a well-defined normal vector), which
excludes surfaces like the Möbius strip as discussed in class.

(e) T F If F is solenoidal on a domain D, then F = ∇ × G for some vector potential G on D.

F alse . In general, D needs to satisfy additional domain properties such as, every closed surface
in D bounds an enclosed subdomain D0 contained in D as discussed in class.
˝
Let F = f (r)r̂ be a vector field in R3 with f (1) = 0, then R∇ · F dV = 0,
(f) T F
where R is the solid unit sphere.

T rue . By divergence theorem and that the outward normal of R is n̂ = r̂,


˚ ‹ ‹ ‹
∇ · F dV = F · n̂dS = f (1)r̂ · r̂dS = f (1) dS = 0.
R S S S

Math 264 Midterm Examination (Version A) Page 2 of 6


Full Name: Student number:

2. Let a, b be real numbers. Consider the vector field:


  
2
 5+y
F (x, y) = 3x + a log(1 + y) − b log(1 − y) î + sin y + x ĵ
1 − y2

(a) (4 marks) Find all value(s) of a, b for which F is conservative.

∂F2 ∂F1
In R2 , if F is conservative, then = . So we verify the necessary condition:
∂x ∂y
∂F2 5+y
=
∂x 1 − y2
∂F1 a b a(1 − y) + b(1 + y) a + b + (b − a)y
= + = =
∂y 1+y 1−y (1 + y)(1 − y) 1 − y2

So the necessary condition holds if a + b = 5 and b − a = 1. I.e. a = 2, b = 3 .

(b) (6 marks) Find a potential function for all cases when F is conservative and specify its domain.

We find φ by solving F = ∇φ for a = 2, b = 3:


∂φ
= 3x2 + 2 log(1 + y) − 3 log(1 − y)
∂x
⇒ φ(x, y) = x3 + x (2 log(1 + y) − 3 log(1 − y)) + f (y)

   
5+y ∂φ 2 3
sin y + x = =x + +f 0 (y)
1 − y2 ∂y 1+y 1−y
| {z }
5+y
=
1 − y2

So f 0 (y) = sin y ⇒ f (y) = − cos(y) + C and a potential function for F is

φ(x, y) = x3 + x (2 log(1 + y) − 3 log(1 − y)) − cos(y) + C

Since log(z) is defined for z > 0, the domain for log(1 + y) is y > −1 and for log(1 − y) is y < 1.
In other words, the domain for φ (and also for F ) is D = { (x, y)| x ∈ R, −1 < y < 1} .

Math 264 Midterm Examination (Version A) Page 3 of 6


Full Name: Student number:

3. (10 marks) Let S be a part of the surface of the cylinder x2 + z 2 = 1 in the first octant and bounded
2
above by the plane y + z = 1. Compute the line integral of F (x, y, z) = (xz 3 , x2 + z cos y, sin y + ez )
along the closed curve Γ by traversing clockwise (when projected on yz-plane) on the boundary of S.

We apply Stokes’ theorem to compute the line integral of F (otherwise difficult to compute directly).

From sketching the
√ surface S or from Figure 1a, we see that S is a graph of z = g(x, y) := 1 − x2
2
or x = h(y, z) := 1 − z . We first solve this by describing S as z = g(x, y).

(a) S is part of the cylinder highlighted in red which de-


(b) Domain D in xy-plane highlighted in red.
notes the boundary curve Γ = ∂S.

Figure 1: Surface S and its domain D in xy-plane.

To find the domain of S, note that S is part of the cylinder in first octant; i.e. 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y. For
2 2 2 2
√ bound of y, solving for the intersection of x +z = 1 and y +z = 1 gives x +(1−y)√= 1 ⇒
the upper
y = 1 ± 1 − x . Since the plane z = 1 − y ≥n0 when y ≤ 1, we take negative sign foroy = 1 − 1 − x2
2

as the upper bound. So the domain is D = (x, y)| 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 − 1 − x2 , see Figure 1b.
Also, from Figure 1a, the clockwise boundary curve Γ is positively oriented (when projected on
yz-plane) if the normal n has component pointing in the −k̂ direction. So by Stokes’ theorem, since

î ĵ k̂



2 2
∂  
∇ × F = ∂x ∂ ∂
= cos y − cos y, 3xz , 2x = 0, 3xz , 2x ,
∂y ∂z


3 2
xz x2 + z cos y sin y + ez

˛ ¨   ¨  
∂g ∂g x
0, 3xz 2 , 2x · − √

⇒ F · dr = ∇ × F · − − , − , 1 dA = , 0, 1 dA
∂x ∂y 1 − x2
Γ
¨
D D

=− 2xdA
D
ˆ 1 ˆ 1− 1−x2

=− 2xdydx
0 0
ˆ 1  1   
p
2 2 2 2 32 2 1
=− 2x − 2x 1 − x dx = − x + (1 − x ) = − (1 + 0) − 0 + = −
0 3 0 3 3

Alternatively, using x = h(y, z) would lead to a simpler domain D = { (y, z)| 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, 0 ≤ z ≤ 1 − y}:
˛ ¨   ˆ 1 ˆ 1−y
2
 ∂h ∂h z 1
F · dr = 0, 3xz , 2x · − 1, − , − dA = − x √ 2 dzdy = · · · = −
2
Γ D ∂y ∂z 0 0 1−z 3

Math 264 Midterm Examination (Version A) Page 4 of 6


Full Name: Student number:

4. (10 marks) Let a, b be positive constants with a > b. Using the divergence theorem with
F (x, y, z) = z k̂, compute the volume of a torus enclosed by the parameterized surface

x(u, v) = (a + b cos u) cos v


y(u, v) = (a + b cos u) sin v
z(u, v) = b sin u

where 0 ≤ u ≤ 2π and 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π.


Let R be the torus region and S be the surface enclosing R parameterized as above. Then by the
divergence theorem,
˚ ˚ ‹
Volume(R) = dV = ∇ · F
| {z } dV = F · n̂dS
R R S
=1

∂r ∂r
Since F is only nonzero in the z-component, it’s enough the compute z-component of × .
∂u ∂v

î ĵ k̂


∂r ∂r
× = −b sin u cos v −b sin u sin v

b cos u
∂u ∂v

−(a + b cos u) sin v (a + b cos u) cos v 0
 
= ∗, ∗, −b sin u(a + b cos u) cos2 v + sin2 v
 
= ∗, ∗, −b sin u(a + b cos u)

We pick “−” sign for the outward normal of R since b sin u(a + b cos u) ≥ 0 when a > b and sin u ≥ 0
for 0 ≤ u ≤ π (upper part of torus). Also you can deduce the sign so the final volume value is positive.

Volume(R) = F · n̂dS
S
‹  
∂r ∂r
= (0, 0, b sin u) · − × dudv
D ∂u ∂v
ˆ 2π ˆ 2π
= b2 sin2 u(a + b cos u)dudv
0
0 
ˆ 2π ˆ 2π 
2
= 2πb  a sin2 udu + b sin2 u cos udu  ( or by substituting z = sin u )

 0
|0

{z }
=0 (area cancels on [0,π] and [π,2π])
ˆ 2π
1 − cos(2u)
= 2πb2 a du (double angle identity: cos(2u) = 1 − 2 sin2 (u) )
2
0 
ˆ 2π ˆ 2π
2 
 
= πb a  du − cos(2u)du

0
|0 {z }
=0
2 2
= 2π b a

Math 264 Midterm Examination (Version A) Page 5 of 6


Full Name: Student number:

5. Let C1 , C2 be real constants and let F be a conservative vector field with a potential φ on a domain
D in R2 . Denote level curves of the field lines of F as G(x, y) = C1 for some smooth function G.
(a) (4 marks) Show that the level curves of φ(x, y) = C2 is perpendicular to the level curves of
G(x, y) = C1 , if both F and ∇G are non-zero on D. (Hint: The field lines of F parameterized
by t satisfies G(x(t), y(t)) = C1 .)

Since G(x(t), y(t)) = C1 for a ≤ t ≤ b, differentiating both sides with respect to t shows that

d
0= G(x(t), y(t)) = ∇G(x(t), y(t)) · (x0 (t), y 0 (t)) (by chain rule)
dt
= ∇G(x(t), y(t)) · F (x(t), y(t)) (since field lines satisfy r 0 (t) = F (r(t)))
= ∇G(x(t), y(t)) · ∇φ(x(t), y(t)) (since F = ∇φ).

Since both ∇G and ∇φ = F do not vanish on D, the above implies ∇G is perpendicular to


∇φ. Recalling that ∇G and ∇φ are perpendicular to the level curves of G(x, y) = C1 and
φ(x, y) = C2 , this implies the two level curves are perpendicular.

(b) (2 marks) Show that the work required to move a particle in the force field F along any segment
of the level curve φ(x, y) = C2 is zero. Do not assume the particle move in a closed curve.

Let r(t) be any segment on the level curve of φ(r(t)) = C2 . Since F is conservative,
ˆ
F · dr = φ(r(b)) − φ(r(a)) = C2 − C2 = 0.
Γ

dr
Another approach is the following: Since the velocity vector is to be tangent to φ(r(t)) = C2 ,
dt
dr
must be perpendicular to ∇φ. In other words,
dt
ˆ ˆ b ˆ b
dr dr
⇒ F · dr = F· dt = ∇φ(r(t)) · (t) dt = 0.
Γ a dt a | {z dt }
=0

(c) (2 marks) Use part (b) to explain why satellites in space can remain in orbit without requiring
additional energy. (Hint: The 
gravitational
 force of the earth felt by a satellite at a distance r
1
away is proportional to F = ∇ and a satellite in orbit move in circular arcs of radius r.)
r

1 1
Since the level curve of φ = = C1 is the circle of radius r = and a satellite moves along
r C1
level curve of φ = C1 , the work required to remain in orbit is zero by part (b).

Math 264 Midterm Examination (Version A) Page 6 of 6

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