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Communication Protocols Exercise 1: Prop Trans End End 8 1 2

This document discusses communication protocols and contains 5 questions about layered network structures, the Internet, basic networking terminology including propagation delay and transmission delay, probabilities of messages being received or lost on wireless links, and probability of bit errors in messages of a certain size. Specifically, it asks about reasons for layered network structures and disadvantages, what the Internet is and its importance, calculating delays for a message sent between two nodes, probabilities of messages being received when sent multiple times, and probability of errors in a message based on bit error probability and message size.

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15 views2 pages

Communication Protocols Exercise 1: Prop Trans End End 8 1 2

This document discusses communication protocols and contains 5 questions about layered network structures, the Internet, basic networking terminology including propagation delay and transmission delay, probabilities of messages being received or lost on wireless links, and probability of bit errors in messages of a certain size. Specifically, it asks about reasons for layered network structures and disadvantages, what the Internet is and its importance, calculating delays for a message sent between two nodes, probabilities of messages being received when sent multiple times, and probability of errors in a message based on bit error probability and message size.

Uploaded by

PrabhatSingh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication Protocols

Exercise 1

16.10.2018

1. Why layering? During the lecture you learned that most networks are
organized as a stack of layers.
(a) What are two reasons for using a layered structure?
(b) Discuss also two possible disadvantages of such a structure.
(c) Can you think of other layered structures being used to organize
complex systems (beyond the domain of communication networks)?
2. What is the Internet?
• A network of networks? Distributed system of hosts, routers ...
• Or there is some central control, hmm?
Give your own persceptive on what the Internet is and why it is an ‘inte-
gral part’ of your everyday life.
3. Understanding some basic networking terminology: Consider two hosts,
A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. The link is x meters
long, and the propagation speed is s m/s. Host A sends a message of
size L bits to host B.
(a) In terms of R, x, s, and L, determine the following:
• propagation delay, dprop ,
• transmission delay, dtrans , and
• end-to-end delay, dend−end .
(b) Suppose that R = 4 Mbps, d = 500 m, s = 2 × 108 m/s, and L = 4096
bits. Host A starts transmitting the message at time instant t1 = 0.
i. At what time instant, t2 , will the message be fully received by
node B?
ii. Will host B start receiving the message before or after A finishes
the transmission of the message?

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4. An Exercise on Probabilities: We will be calculating probabilities occasionally
in this course, therefore some refreshing basic exercises might be useful.
On a wireless link between two network devices a message has a proba-
bility p of getting lost.
(a) If one of the devices sends k messages, what is the probability that n
of them are received?
(b) Consider that when a message is lost, the sender sends the message
again and again until it is received correctly. Calculate the probabil-
ity that a message is received successfully at the k − th transmission
attempt.

5. More Probabilities!
If the probability of a bit error on a link is pb , what is the probability of
an erroneous message if the message size is N bytes, and assuming that
the bit errors are independent of each other?

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