Toxic waste: Section 5. Definition.

– As used in this Act:

-contains toxins that can cause injury and death to humans, animals a) Chemical substance means any organic or inorganic substance
and plants. of a particular molecular identity, including:

WAYS OF MINIMIZING or REDUCING the USE of TOXIC i) Any combination of such substances occurring in whole or in part
WASTE MATERIALS as a result of chemical reaction or occurring in nature; and
> Proper Disposal
ii) Any element or uncombined chemical.
- Waste thrown into trash will end up at the dumpsite where
it will be exposed to the environment. b) Chemical mixture means any combination of two or more
chemical substances if the combination does not occur in nature and
***Environmental Protection Agency has already categorized the is not, in whole or in part, the result of a chemical reaction, if none
waste into 4 namely F list, K list, P list, and U list. What does not of the chemical substances comprising the combination is a new
fall into these categories is considered either a flammable toxic chemical substance and if the combination could have been
waste, corrodes metal, explodes easily or harmful to humans. manufactured for commercial purposes without a chemical reaction
at the time the chemical substances comprising the combination
> Go Natural were combined. This shall include nonbiodegradable mixtures.

> Educate Others c) Process means the preparation of a chemical substance or

> Raise Your Voice mixture after its manufacture for commercial distribution:

Make a lead in preventing the use of toxic waste. i) In the same form or physical state or in a different form or
physical state from that which it was received by the person so
Encourage people to boycott products from waste dumping preparing such substance or mixture; or
companies.

Write letters to the editors of your local papers about toxic waste ii) As part of an article containing a chemical substance or mixture.
dumping in your area.
d) Importation means the entry of a products or substances into the
Sign petitions protesting toxic waste dumping. Online petitions are Philippines (through the seaports or airports of entry) after having
easy and effective. been properly cleared through or still remaining under customs
control, the product or substance of which is intended for direct
Republic Act No. 6969 consumption, merchandising, warehousing, or for further
processing.
AN ACT TO CONTROL TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND
HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTES, e) Manufacture means the mechanical or chemical transformation
of substances into new products whether work is performed by
power-driven machines or by hand, whether it is done in a factory
PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF,
or in the worker’s home, and whether the products are sold at
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
wholesale or retail.

Section 1. Short title. – This Act shall be known as the “Toxic

f) Unreasonable risk means expected frequency of undesirable
Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of
effects or adverse responses arising from a given exposure to a
1990”
substance.

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is the policy of the State to

g) Hazardous substances are substances which present either:
regulate, restrict or prohibit the importation, manufacture,
processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical
substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk and/or 1) short-term acute hazards, such as acute toxicity by ingestion,
injury to health or the environment; to prohibit the entry, even in inhalation or skin absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye
transit, of hazardous and nuclear wastes and their disposal into the contact hazards or the risk of fire or explosion; or
Philippine territorial limits for whatever purpose; and to provide
advancement and facilitate research and studies on toxic chemicals. 2) long-term environmental hazards, including chronic toxicity
upon repeated exposure, carcinogenicity (which may in some cases
Section 3. Scope. – This Act shall cover the importation, result from acute exposure but with a long latent period), resistance
manufacture, processing, handling, storage, transportation, sale, to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the potential to
distribution, use and disposal of all unregulated chemical pollute underground or surface waters, or aesthetically
substances and mixtures in the Philippines, including the entry, even objectionable properties such as offensive odors.
in transit as well as the keeping or storage and disposal of
hazardous and nuclear wastes into the country for whatever h) Hazardous wastes are hereby defined as substances that are
purpose. without any safe commercial, industrial, agricultural or economic
usage and are shipped, transported or brought from the country of
origin for dumping or disposal into or in transit through any part of assistance in the form of personnel, facilities, and other resources
the territory of the Philippines. as the need arises in the discharge of its functions;

Hazardous wastes shall also refer to by-products, side-products, k) To disseminate information and conduct educational awareness
process residues, spent reaction media, contaminated plant or campaigns on the effects of chemical substances, mixtures and
equipment or other substances from manufacturing operations, and wastes on health and environment; and
as consumer discards of manufacture products.
l) To exercise such powers and perform such other functions as may
i) Nuclear wastes are hazardous wastes made radioactive by be necessary to carry out its duties and responsibilities under this
exposure to the radiation incidental to the production or utilization Act.
of nuclear fuels but does not include nuclear fuel, or radioisotopes
which have reached the final stage of fabrication so as to be usable Main features
for any scientific, medical, agricultural, commercial, or industrial
purpose.
 Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances
(PICCS): inventory of all chemicals and chemical substances in
Section 6. Function, Powers and Responsibilities of the use throughout the country
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. – The
Department of Environment and Natural Resources shall be the >Contains the ff. information
implementing agency tasked with the following functions, powers,
and responsibilities:
 Chemical Name and its Chemical Abstract Service
Number (CAS NO.)
a) To keep an updated inventory of chemicals that are presently  CAS Registry Index Names
being manufactured or used, indicating, among others, their  Common name of the chemicals or chemical substances
existing and possible uses, quality, test data, names of firms

manufacturing or using them, and such other information as the
 Priority Chemical List (PCL)
Secretary may consider relevant to the protection of health and the
environment;
1. 1,1,1, -Trichloroethane 15.Ethylene Oxide
2. 1,2 Diphenylhydrazine 16.Halons
b) To require chemical substances and mixtures that present
3. Arsenic Compounds 17. Hexachlorobenzene
unreasonable risk or injury to health or to the environment to be
4. Asbestos 18. Hexachloroethane
tested before they are manufactured or imported for the first time;
5. Benzene 19. Lead Compounds
6. Beryllium Compounds 20. Mercury Compounds
c) To require chemical substances and mixtures which are presently 7. Cadmium Compounds 21. Mirex
being manufactured or processed to be tested if there is a reason to 8. Carbon Tetrachloride 22. Polychlorinated Biphenyls
believe that they pose unreasonable risk or injury to health or the (PCBs)
environment; 9. Chlorofluoro Carbons (CFCs) 23. Phosgene
10. Chloroform 24. Pentachlorophenol
d) To evaluate the characteristics of chemicals that have been tested 11. Chlorinated Ethers 25. Polybrominated Biphenyls
to determine their toxicity and the extent of their effects on health (PBBs)
and the environment; 12. Chromium Compounds 26. Selenium
13. Cyanide Compounds 27. Tributyltin
e) To enter into contracts and make grants for research, 14. Ethylene Dibromide 28. Vinyl Chloride
development, and monitoring of chemical substances and mixtures;

f) To conduct inspection of any establishment in which chemicals

are manufactured, processed, stored or held before or after their  Pre-manufacture and Pre-importation Notification (PMPIN)
commercial distribution and to make recommendations to the
proper authorities concerned; The manufacturer, processor or importer shall submit the
following information:
g) To confiscate or impound chemicals found not falling within said
acts cannot be enjoined except after the chemicals have been  the name of the chemical substances;
impounded;  its chemical identity and molecular structure;
proposed categories of use;
h) To monitor and prevent the entry, even in transit, of hazardous  an estimate of the amount to be manufactured,
and nuclear wastes and their disposal into the country; processed or imported; processing and disposal

i) To subpoena witnesses and documents and to require other Prohibited Acts:

information if necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act;
 Knowingly use in chemical substance or mixture which is
j) To call on any department, bureau, office, agency, state university imported, manufactured, processed or distributed in
or college, and other instrumentalities of the Government for violation of this Act
  Failure or refusal to submit reports or permit inspection of d) Chemical substances and mixtures that exist temporarily and
establishment where chemicals are manufactured, which have no human or environmental exposure such as those
processed, stored or otherwise held which exist as a result of chemical reaction in the manufacture or
 Failure or refusal to comply with the pre-manufacture and processing of a mixture of another chemical substance.
pre-importation requirements
 Cause, aid or facilitate, directly or indirectly, in the storage, Section 12. Public Access to Records, Reports or Notification. –
importation or bringing Philippine territory, any amount of The public shall have access to records, reports, or information
hazardous and nuclear wastes concerning chemical substances and mixtures including safety data
submitted, data on emission or discharge into the environment, and
 Chemical Control Orders (CCO) such documents shall be available for inspection or reproduction
 DAO 97-38: CCO for mercury & its compounds during normal business hours except that the Department of
 DAO 97-39: CCO for cyanide & its compounds Environment and Natural resources may consider a record, report
 DAO 2002-02: CCO for Asbestos or information or particular portions thereof confidential and may
 DAO 2000-18: CCO for Ozone Depleting Substances not be made public when such would divulge trade secrets,
(ODS) production or sales figures or methods, production or processes
unique to such manufacturer, processor or distributor, or would
Section 8. Pre-Manufacture and Pre-Importation Requirements. – otherwise tend to affect adversely the competitive position of such
Before any new chemical substance or mixture can be manufacturer, processor or distributor. The Department of
manufactured, processed or imported for the first time as Environment and Natural Resources, however, may release
determined by the Department of Environment and Natural information subject to claim of confidentiality to a medical research
Resources, the manufacturer, processor or importer shall submit the or scientific institution where the information is needed for the
following information: the name of the chemical substance or purpose of medical diagnosis or treatment of a person exposed to
mixture; its chemical identity and molecular structure; proposed the chemical substance or mixture.
categories of use; an estimate of the amount to be manufactured,
processed or imported; processing and disposal thereof; and any Section 13. Prohibited Acts. – The following acts and omissions
test data related to health and environmental effects which the shall be considered unlawful:
manufacturer, processor or importer has.
a) Knowingly use a chemical substance or mixture which is
Section 9. Chemicals Subject to Testing. – Testing shall be required imported, manufactured, processed or distributed in violation of this
in all cases where: Act or implementing rules and regulations or orders;

a) There is a reason to believe that the chemical substances or b) Failure or refusal to submit reports, notices or other information,
mixture may present an unreasonable risk to health or the access to records, as required by this Act, or permit inspection of
environment or there may be substantial human or environmental establishment where chemicals are manufactured, processed, stored
exposure thereto; or otherwise held;

b) There are insufficient data and experience for determining or c) Failure or refusal to comply with the pre-manufacture and pre-
predicting the health and environmental effects of the chemical importation requirements; and
substance or mixture; and
d) Cause, aid or facilitate, directly or indirectly, in the storage,
c) The testing of the chemical substance or mixture is necessary to importation, or bringing into Philippines territory, including its
develop such data. maritime economic zones, even in transit, either by means of land,
air or sea transportation or otherwise keeping in storage any
The manufacturers, processors or importers shall shoulder the costs amount of hazardous and nuclear wastes in any part of the
of testing the chemical substance or mixture that will be Philippines.
manufactured, processed, or imported.
Section 14. Criminal Offenses and Penalties. –
Section 11. Chemical Substances Exempt from Pre-Manufacture
Notification. – The manufacture of the following chemical a) (i) The penalty of imprisonment of six (6) months and one day to
substances or mixtures shall be exempt from pre-manufacture six (6) years and one day and a fine ranging from Six hundred pesos
notification: (P600.00) to Four thousand pesos (P4,000.00) shall be imposed
upon any person who shall violate section 13 (a) to (c) of this Act
a) Those included in the categories of chemical substances and and shall not be covered by the Probation Law.f the offender is a
mixtures already listed in the inventory of existing chemicals; foreigner, he or she shall be deported and barred from any
subsequent entry into the Philippines after serving his or her
sentence;
b) Those to be produced in small quantities solely for experimental
or research and developmental purposes;
ii) In case any violation of this Act is committed by a partnership,
corporation, association or any juridical person, the partner,
c) Chemical substances and mixtures that will not present an
president, director or manager who shall consent to or shall
unreasonable risk to health and the environment; and
knowingly tolerate such violation shall be directly liable and
responsible for the act of the employee and shall be criminally liable
as a co-principal;
(iii) In case the offender is a government official or employee, he or industrial projects, environmental impact assessments are used to
she shall, in addition to the above penalties, be deemed balance economic growth with ecological protection. Other
automatically dismissed from office and permanently disqualified activities of the EMB are geared towards providing baseline
from holding any elective or appointive position. information that would eventually lead into the development of
standards for hazardous waste management, environmental
b) (i) The penalty of imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one day monitoring and the regulation of hazardous waste disposal.
to twenty (20) years, shall be imposed upon any person who shall
violate section 13 (d) of this Act.f the offender is a foreigner, he or In a recent statement, Eco Waste Coalition called on the
she shall be deported and barred from any subsequent entry into the government to move swiftly to avert a full-blown chemical and
Philippines after serving his or her sentence; humanitarian crisis due to the illegal disposal of electronic and
computer parts by companies in the area said to be the newest
(ii) In the case of corporations or other associations, the above dumping ground for garbage from Metro Manila.
penalty shall be imposed upon the managing partner, president or
chief executive in addition to an exemplary damage of at least Five Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00).f it is a foreign firm, the classifies hazardous household trash like consumer electronics
director and all officers of such foreign firm shall be barred from which include cell phones and computers; appliances like stoves,
entry into the Philippines, in addition to the cancellation of its refrigerators, air conditioners and television sets; and bulbs and
license to do business in the Philippines; batteries as special waste that should be handled separately from
other residential and commercial garbage.
(iii) In case the offender is a government official or employee, he or
she in addition to the above penalties be deemed automatically According to the World Health Organization, food products make
dismissed from office and permanently disqualified from holding up 90 percent of the toxic waste exposure experienced by people.
any elective or appointive position. Meat, dairy products and fish can contain elements, or sediment
residues from soil and water contamination. Fat portions on meats,
c) Every penalty imposed for the unlawful importation, entry, and dairy fat are possible reservoirs for toxic materials so
transport, manufacture, processing, sale or distribution of chemical eliminating these food types from the diet can help.
substances or mixtures into or within the Philippines shall carry
with it the confiscation and forfeiture in favor of the Government of Cancer is a condition in which certain groups of cells in the body
the proceeds of the unlawful act and instruments, tools or other begin to mutate and reproduce at abnormal rates. according to
improvements including vehicles, sea vessels, and aircrafts used in Action PA, an environmental resource site, carcinogens, or cancer-
or with which the offense was committed. Chemical substances so causing agents are classified as the toxic waste materials inside the
confiscated and forfeited by the Government at its option shall be dioxins contained because of their effects on the body’s metabolism
turned over to the Department of Environment and Natural processes.
resources for safekeeping and proper disposal.
Ongoing exposure to these materials can have significant health
d) The person or firm responsible or connected with the bringing or effects on people, many of which remain unknown and can cause
importation into the country of hazardous or nuclear wastes shall death or injury to living creatures. Runoff materials from
be under obligation to transport or send back said prohibited manufacturing, farming and waste disposal processes can
wastes; contaminate soil, water and air supplies. Household items such as
paints, pesticides and used computer equipment are also generators
Any and all means of transportation, including all facilities and of hazardous waste. All of these materials emit dioxins, which are
appurtenances that may have been used in transporting to or in the classified as environmental pollutants, according to the World
storage in the Philippines of any significant amount of hazardous or Health Organization. Once dioxins enter the body, the body stores
nuclear wastes shall at the option of the government be forfeited in them inside fat tissue.
its favor.
Normal exposure developing fetuses and newborns may be
Section 15. Administrative Fines. – In all cases of violations of this particularly susceptible to adverse effects because of their
Act, including violations of implementing rules and regulations developing systems.
which have been duly promulgated and published in accordance
with Section 16 of this Act, the Secretary of Environment and Short-term exposures: impaired liver function and skin lesions.
Natural Resources is hereby authorized to impose a fine of not less
than Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00), but not more than Fifty Long-term : impair the reproductive system, the immune system, the
thousand pesos (P50,000.00) upon any person or entity found guilty endocrine system and the nervous system.
thereof. The administrative fines imposed and collected by the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources shall accrue to
E-waste: with toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury,
a special fund to be administered by the Department exclusively for
chromium
projects and research activities relative to toxic substances and
mixtures.
The Philippines has not ratified the Basel Ban to agree on which
things must be prohibited by an industrialized nation from throwing
The Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), a policy making
body of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources away toxic waste into developing countries and further degraded by
(DENR) is seeing that hazardous waste management is made an unregulated recycling processes of existing E-waste management
integral part of the industrial planning process. In the case of new facilities which actually violate the clean Air Act.
Medical Waste: human immunodeficiency virus or known as Hazardous waste or material refers to a biological substance that
‘’HIV” and hepatitis viruses B and C poses a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of
humans.
- transmitted through injuries from syringe needles
contaminated by human blood. Common types of biological hazards includes viruses, medical
waste, or toxins that were created by a particular organism or
Medical wastes are defined as the total waste generated by hospitals, microorganism.
healthcare establishments and research facilities in the diagnosis,
treatment, immunization and associated research. Medical wastes After RA 6969 was mandated DAO 29 series of 1992 or the
include pathological, chemotherapy, sharps, scalpels, biological Implementing Rules and Regulations of the R.A. 6969 is published
specimens, culture stocks, blood related/stained wastes, used gowns, 2 years later. A procedural manual for the IRR was released in 2004
masks, tubings, etc. under DAO 36 which later revised to further strengthen the
implementation of RA 6969 and prescribing the use of the
Procedural Manual. It requires all waste generators as well as waste
Medical Waste Autoclave
transporters and TSD (Treatment, Storage, and Disposal) facilities
to register with the Department of Environment and Natural
The Philippines already proved that it is possible to eliminate
incineration totally. In the cities, infectious waste is dealt with by Resources. For waste generators, a Hazardous Waste Generator’s ID
centralised facilities running autoclaves or microwaves. Last 2004, should be acquired from the department. Waste generator means a
HCWH-Southeast Asia helped the Philippines Department of person who generates or produces hazardous wastes, through any
Health prove that it was possible to manage the waste from a institutional, commercial, industrial or trade activities. The waste
country-wide vaccination program without resorting to open transporter on the other hand shall acquire a Permit to Transport for
burning or incineration. every Waste Generator they will provide service to. During every
acquisition of hazardous waste from the generator, a manifest form
The Global Environment Facility shall be filled up indicating details of the waste, the waste generator,
the waste transporter, and the TSD facility. This is to monitor the
Lucky we are here in the Philippines for being a part of the a Global hauling activity. The whole activity is also recorded to the quarterly
Environment Facility Project together with the World Health monitoring report which is submitted to the DENR as well.
Organization and the United Nations Development Program, Health Classification of waste and its corresponding waste number is also
Care Without Harm. included in the Procedural Manual.

The project entitled “Demonstrating and Promoting Best Hazardous wastes might include, but not be limited to, acid wastes,
Techniques and Practices for Reducing Health Care Waste to Avoid reactive chemical waste, inks or pigment waste, organic waste, oil
Environmental Releases of Dioxins and Mercury.” It has been and any container that might be used in the processing,
developed primarily under the GEF mandate to support developing transportation and general use of chemical substances.
countries in meeting the objectives of the Stockholm Convention on
Persistent Organic Pollutants. It is a $10 million project that will Full-Time Pollution Control Officer Is Needed
demonstrate dioxin and mercury-free medicine within model health For the companies that generate waste that is hazardous, there are a
care facilities. It is set to begin its implementation phase in eight few requirements that must be followed. Registering and paying the
participating countries: Argentina, India, Latvia, Lebanon, Senegal, required fee for an ID and number is the first step. This allows waste
Tanzania, Vietnam and the Philippines. to be tracked properly. A full-time pollution control officer should
be designated on site and they will disclose the type and quantity of
the waste that has been generated. An off-site facility must be
The main objective of the project is to reduce environmental releases
identified as the target location for the treatment or storage of the
of dioxins and mercury by promoting best techniques and practices
waste. Finally, it is required that a company implement waste
for reducing and managing health care waste. To attain this
management policies until the waste has been certified as “treated”,
objective the following components stated below must be observed
“recycled” or “disposed of”.
which each participating country will implement in collaboration
with national governments, participating NGOs, professional
associations, universities, hospitals and clinics.  RA 6969
◦ Shall also refer to by-products , side-products,
 Developing model urban and rural hospitals that process residues, spent reaction media,
demonstrate approaches to eliminate dioxin and mercury contaminated plant or equipment or other
 Establishing national training and education programs on substances from manufacturing operations and as consumer
health care waste management to serve respective discards of manufactured products which present unreasonable
countries and the regions in which they sit risk and/or injury to health and safety of the public and to the
 Assuring that new management practices and systems environment.
piloted by the project are nationally documented,
promoted, disseminated, replicated, and institutionalized Properties of hazardous wastes
 Collaborating with Stockholm Convention National
Implementation Plan preparation process  Ignitability/Flammability
 Disseminating and replicating project results regionally
and globally ◦ The waste is
  A liquid, other than an aqueous solution containing < 24%
alcohol (v/v) w/ flash point of < 60degC
 Pesticides
 A non-liquid which under normal conditions can cause fire
through friction, absorption of moisture, or spontaneous ◦ Chemical, physical, or biological agent that destroys or controls
chemical changes, and burns so vigorously when ignited that pest organisms including insects, plants, fungi, rodents and
creates a hazard nematodes.

 Corrosivity ◦ Most common types are

◦ The waste  Insecticide (insects)

 Is an aqueous liquid and has a pH < 2.0 or > 12.5  DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane, endosulfan

 Is a liquid and corrodes steel at a rate greater than 6.35 mm/year  Herbicides (plants)

 Fungicides (fungi)

 Reactivity  Explosives

◦ The waste ◦ Classified based on velocity of detonation

 Is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent change  Low explosives

without detonation  React slowly and burn rapidly instead of detonating
 Violently reacts with water  Eg: black powder, common fireworks, solid rocket fuels
 Forms potentially explosive mixtures with water  High explosives
 Generates toxic gases or fumes in quantity sufficient to present  Produce extreme pressure by rapid detonation; requires high
a danger to public health or the environment when mixed with activation energy
water
 Eg: nitroglycerine, trinitrotoluene
 A cyanide- or sulfide-bearing waste that when exposed to pH
between 2 and 12.5, can generate toxic gases  Polychlorinated biphenyls

 Is readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or ◦ Heat-stable oils used as transformer or hydraulic fluids
reaction at standard temperature and pressure
 Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans
 Is capable of detonation or explosive reaction if it is subjected
to strong initiating source or it is heated under confinement ◦ Not manufactured but trace impurities formed during
manufacture, combustion of other organic compounds
 Toxicity
 Heavy metals & inorganic nonmetals
◦ The waste is pH adjusted to landfill conditions, and a toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure is performed. If waste ◦ Arsenic:
leachate concentration is greater than TCLP list, waste is
◦ Cadmium
characterized by toxicity.
◦ Chromium
Most common haz wastes
◦ Lead
 Petroleum
◦ Nickel
◦ As a precaution against fire hazard, they have been stored in UST
◦ Mercury
◦ Gasoline contains benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene
which have toxic effects ◦ Cyanides
 Non-halogenated solvents ◦ Asbestos
◦ Used as carriers for paints and inks, etc.  Nuclear wastes
◦ volatile ◦ Poses hazard by emitting ionizing radiation
 Halogenated solvents ◦ Classifications
◦ Used for cleaning machine parts to computer chips  High-level wastes
◦ Volatile, dense and migrate through the subsurface  High level of radioactivity
  Spent fuel from nuclear reactors Grease trap wastes from industrial or commercial H802
premises
 Transuranic wastes

 Contain isotopes with atomic numbers higher than uranium I. Oils

Waste oils I101
 Low-level wastes

 Minimal radioactivity J. Containers

Containers previously containing toxic chemical J201
 Generated by hospitals, universities,& substances
G. Waste Organic Solvent
industry Halogenated organic solvents G703
Classification of Hazardous Waste Non-halogenated organic G704

Class Waste H. Putrescible/Organic wastes

Number Grease trap wastes from industrial or commercial H802
A. Waste with Cyanide A101 premises
B. Acid Wastes
Sulfuric acid B201 I. Oils
Hydrochloric acid B202 Waste oils I101
Nitric acid B203
Phosphoric acid B204 J. Containers
Hydrofluoric acid B205 Containers previously containing toxic chemical J201
Mixture of sulfuric and B206 substances
hydrochloric acid M. Miscellaneous wastes
Other inorganic acid B207 Pathological or infectious wastes M501
Organic acid B208 Asbestos wastes M502
Other acid wastes B299 Pharmaceuticals and Drugs M503
C. Alkali Wastes Pesticides M504
Caustic soda C301 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) M505
Potash C302 Pesticides
Alkaline cleaners C303 Waste from electrical and electronic M506
Ammonium hydroxide C304 equipment (WEEE)
Lime slurries C305 Special Wastes M507
Other alkali wastes C306
D. Wastes with inorganic chemicals
Selenium and its compounds D401
Arsenic and its compounds D402
Barium and its compounds D403
Cadmium and its compounds D404 Toxicology
Chromium compounds D405
Lead compounds D406  Study of poisons and their effects on living organisms
Mercury and mercury compounds D407
 Use in HWM
Fluoride and its compounds D408
E. Reactive chemical wastes ◦  to assess potential biological effects of hazardous chemicals
Oxidizing agents E501
Reducing agents E502 ◦  as a basis for performing risk assessments
Explosive and unstable chemicals E503
Highly reactive chemicals E599 Mammalian Physiology
F. -skin, respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system
Inks/Dyes/Pigments/Paints/Resins/Latex/Adhesives
Solvent based F602 The liver:
Inorganic pigments F603
 Regulates carbohydrate metabolism & release of sugars
Ink formulation F610
when levels become low in the bloodstream
G. Waste Organic Solvent
Halogenated organic solvents G703  Regulates glucose metabolism
Non-halogenated organic G704
 Filled with enzymes that catalyze the oxidation , hydrolysis
H. Putrescible/Organic wastes & other detoxification reactions of toxic compounds in the
body
 ◦ Cytochrome P-450 PCBs Liver, lung
 Toxicological response
The kidney
◦ Inflammation
 Excretion of end products of metabolism
◦ Necrosis
 Control of concentrations of electrolytes & other
constituents in the body fluids ◦ Enzyme inhibition

◦ Uncoupling of biochemical reactions

Mechanisms of Toxicity Carcinogenity
 Routes of exposure  Cancer
◦ Dermal ◦ A disease in which altered cells divide
uncontrollably (neoplastic growth), resulting in
 Skin is protective barrier for the body
tumors (neoplasms)
 Non-polar compounds readily penetrate the epidermis
◦ Types
◦ Oral
◦ Leukemia (white blood cells)
 Most common is via contaminated drinking water; ingestion of
contaminated food ◦ Lymphomas (lymphatic system)

 Non-polar most easily absorbed through gut lining ◦ Sarcomas (connective tissues such as bone &
catilage)
◦ Inhalation
Carcinomas (epithelial cells that form the inside & outside linings
 Primary route for airborne particulates, common gases or organisms
 Absorption via diffusive transfer of a gaseous compound to the Mutagenicity
liquid layer of the alveoli
 Mutation
* Mercury not absorbed by the skin; when methylated to dimethyl
mercury, readily absorbs through the skin ◦ A change in the genetic code of the DNA

Structural affinity ◦ May or may not affect organism

 Mechanism of toxicity for most hazardous chemicals action Carcinogenity

occur due to binding to receptor molecules on a cell, tissue,  EPA Categories for carcinogenic groups
or organ
Class Description
 Most common receptors:
A Human Carcinogen
◦ Enzymes B Probable Carcinogen
B1 Linked human data
◦ Also include hemoglobin, membranes, DNA B2 No evidence in humans
C Possible carcinogen
◦ Toxic effects usually involve one organ or tissue
D No classification
system
E No evidence
◦ Hepatoxicity (liver)

◦ Nephthrotoxicity (kidney) Selected Group A Chemicals

◦ Genotoxicity (chromosomes) Hazardous waste compounds Other compounds

Arsenic Aflatoxins
◦ Immunotoxicity (immune system) Asbestos Diethylstilbestrol
Benzene Erionite
 Common toxic compounds & corresponding receptors
Benzedine Melphalan
Compound Receptor tissues Chromium, hexavalent Mustard gas
Hexane Peripheral nerves Nickel Soots
Benzene Bone marrow stem cells Plutonium-239 Smokeless tabaco
PAHs Lung, skin, mammary glands products
CCl4 Liver, lung, kidney Radon-222 Tobacco smoke
Chlorobenzene Liver, lung, kidney Vinyl chloride
Quantitative Toxicology

 Factors influencing toxicity

◦ Dose

 “The dose makes the poison.”

◦ Time period of exposure

Repeated exposure classification Based on human life

expectancy
Acute (<5% of organisms life 1 day
span)
Sub-chronic (5-20% of life span) 2 weeks – 7 years Because of the inherent diversity of biological populations, an
Chronic (>20% of life span) > 7 years absolute value of acute toxicity is impossible.
 In quantifying toxic responses, numerical values may be absolute
or normalized for body weight A plot of % mortality as a function of dose then provides a means
for determining acute toxicity.
 Dosage
 Toxicity in Humans
◦ Total mass of chemical to which an organism is exposed
◦ Toxicity is based on studies on animals
 Dose
 Low precision (small sample size)
◦ Chemical dosage normalized for body weight
 Uncertainty (whether biochemical or physiological response
 e.g. are same for animals & humans)
◦ A dose of 8 mg/kg lindane is being administered to a 3-kg  Extrapolation of animal-dose response relationship (from
animal. What is the dosage? animal to humans)
 Administrative dose General Rule
◦ Concentration to which the organism is exposed ◦ If an animal exhibits similar toxicity for all animals tested, it
 Intake or uptake dose will likely exhibit similar toxicity in humans.

◦ Actual amount of chemical absorbed by the organism

 Target or effective dose

◦ Amount of chemical reaching the target organ

Acute toxicity

 The LD50

◦ Dose that results in the death of 50% of the population

◦ mg/kg body weight

◦ Hyperactive/hypersensitive

◦ Portion of population that responds to low dosages

◦ Hypoactive/hyposensitive

◦ Group that does not respond until high dosages are reached
  Based on multi-digit numbers derived from a computer
language description of the chemicals molecular structure

Compound CAS Registry Number

Benzene 71-43-2
DDT 50-29-3
Chlorobenzene 108-90-7
PCB 12674-11-2

Requirements for Hazardous Waste Generators and

Transporters

Legislative framework

Chemical incompatibility  RA 6969

Chemical Class Incompatible class Consequences ◦ Toxic Substances & Hazardous & Nuclear
of chemicals Wastes Control Act of 1990
Alkaline materials Acidic materials Heat generation/  DAO 92-26
violent reaction
Reactive solvents Acids, bases, zero- Fire, explosion, ◦ Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA
& organic valence metals violent reactions 6969
compounds
Weak acids of Acids Generation of  DAO 04-36
toxic volatile toxic gas ◦ Revised Procedural Manual on Hazardous
gases Waste Management
Strong oxidizers Organic & mineral Fire, explosion or
acids, solvents & violent reaction  DAO 2013-22
organics
◦ Revised Procedures and Standards for the
Management of Hazardous Wastes (Revising
Labels and Placards DAO 04-36)
 Placards & labeling systems are used to identify potential RA 6969: Main features
dangers during the transportation & storage of hazardous
wastes & hazardous materials  Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical
Substances (PICCS)

 Pre-manufacture and Pre-importation Notification

(PMPIN)

 Priority Chemical List (PCL)

 Chemical Control Orders (CCO)

DAO 2013-22

Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number

 Waste Generator

◦ a person who generates or produces hazardous Management Responsibility & Structure

wastes, through any institutional, commercial,
• Management : Shall designate a full-time PCO
industrial or trade activities
• Pollution Control Officer : Responsible for day to day
◦ Waste transporter
management of wastes
◦ A person who is licensed to transport
• Personnel: Shall have appropriate competency to handle
hazardous waste
the wastes

Requirements for waste generators

Compliance Large Medium Small

Requirements quantity quantity quantity
generator generator generator
Registration yes yes Yes
Designation Full time Full time Full time
of PCO
Reporting Quarterly Semi- Annual
annual
Storage & Yes Yes Yes
labeling
Storage time 1 year 1 year 3 years
limit
Manifest Yes Yes Yes
system
Contingency Yes Yes Yes
planning
Training Yes Yes Yes
Use of Yes Yes Yes
authorized
transporters
Use of Yes Yes Yes
recognized
treaters

HAZARDOUS
WASTE
Waste HW Class Name of the
Information hazardous waste class
HW Name of the
Description hazardous waste
description
HW number Code of the hazardous
waste description
Characteristic Toxic, Corrosive,
Flammable, Explosive,
Reactive, and/or
Infectious
Form Liquid, Solid, or Sludge
Volume Volume of the
hazardous waste
contained in the
vessel,
container, tank, or
containment building
Packaging date Date on which the
hazardous waste is
packed in the vessel,
 container, tank, or
containment building
Shipping date Date on which the
hazardous waste must
be removed from
the storage area and
transported offsite if
applicable
Waste Manifest number if
Transport transported offsite
number
Container Capacity Maximum capacity or
information volume of the
container
Material Materials that a
vessel, container, tank
or containment
building is made of  Specifications of the placard
Generator ID number ID number issued by
DENR upon ◦ a. Minimum size of the placard is 25cm x 25cm
registration for vessels, containers, and tanks or readable from
Name Name of the waste five (5) meters afar
generator (company
◦ b. For waste transporting vehicles, readable from
name)
10 meters afar
Address Address of the waste
generator ◦ c. Basic shape of the placard is a square rotated 45
Telephone no. Telephone number of degrees to form a diamond
the waste generator
Name of Name of hazardous ◦ d. At each of the four sides, a parallel line shall be
HWMS or PCO waste management drawn to form an inner diamond 95% of the outer
supervisor (HWMS) diamond
or the PCO
◦ e. Color should follow the colors specified in
Section 6.3.
 Labeling specifications

◦ Minimum size of the label is 20cm x 30cm or

Requirements for waste transporters
readable from five (5)meters away from the
vehicle;  Registration
◦ Color of the label is yellow for background and ◦ Application form
black for letters conspicuously marked in paint or
other permanent form of marking; ◦ Business permit/SEC registration certificate

◦ Material of the label should be scratch proof and ◦ Description of conveyance, details of transport
resistant to tampering and weathering service

◦ Label is accompanied by a placard corresponding ◦ Photographs of conveyance

to characteristics of the wastes contained in the
◦ Sketch/photograph of garage
vessel, container, tank, or containment building
◦ Proof of ownership of vehicle

◦ Certification from Bureau of Fire Protection

◦ Accountability statement

◦ Copy of LTO Certificate of Registration &

Official Receipt

 If applicant meets requirements, EMB will issue DENR

Transporter ID number & will be included in the “Waste
Transporter Register”
  RESPONSIBILITIES OF TRANSPORTERS F-2 Buildings to store containers, vessels, or tanks
containing hazardous waste
 The waste transporters are allowed to transport only the
F-3 Built tanks to store liquid hazardous waste
type of hazardous wastes identified in their Registration
from registered generators to registered TSD facilities.
REQUIREMENTS FOR TSD FACILITIES
 Each type of hazardous wastes to be transported should
have a Wastes Transport Record or manifest form  A person who wishes to treat, store, recycle, reprocess or
dispose of hazardous wastes is required to:
 Transporters shall receive only hazardous wastes which are
properly packaged and labeled and shall deliver the same ◦ a. secure a TSD Facility Permit from the EMB
only to a recognized TSD facility Central Office;
 The waste transporter must avoid densely populated areas, ◦ b. designate a Pollution Control Officer
watershed or catchment areas, and other environmentally (PCO)/Environmental Officer;
sensitive areas
◦ c. comply with the waste acceptance requirements
 The transport vehicles shall have warning signs, markings and the Manifest System;
regarding shipment of hazardous goods
◦ d. provide initial wastes acceptance procedure to
 If the waste cannot be delivered to the destination indicated ensure that the TSD facility shall not accept
on the manifest form, the transporter must inform the waste wastes beyond its capacity (including quantity
generator and quality);
 The transporter shall immediately notify the DENR, the ◦ e. submit residuals management plan including
DOTC, the local police, and other parties listed on the results of analysis of all hazardous wastes treated,
emergency contingency plan in case of accidents or spills recycled and recovered;
and clean up the contamination
◦ f. conduct periodical (quarterly) inspection of the
 Notification of change in information in the registration TSD facility
form
Category Description
◦ If there is a change in the information in the
registration form, the waste transporter is required A Facilities that conduct on-site disposal of
to notify the EMB Central Office immediately in hazardous wastes generated within the facility
writing through industrial or commercial processes and
activities other than disposal via sewer
◦ Renewal of registration B Commercial or industrial hazardous waste
thermal treatment facilities.
◦ A waste transporter shall renew its DENR
Facilities include those that conduct off-site
Transporter I.D. Number one (1) month prior to
thermal treatment (i.e. pyrolysis, autoclave,
the expiration date. Renewal procedure shall
microwave and sterilization)
follow the initial registration procedure .
C Landfills that accept hazardous waste for
REQUIREMENTS FOR TSD FACILITIES disposal.
Facilities that accept only inert hazardous waste
Categories for TSD facilities residues for final disposal and not located on the
waste generator’s facilities
E E-1 Facilities to solidify sludge, ashes, and other
D Facilities that recycle or reprocess hazardous
hazardous wastes
waste which are not generated or produced at
E-2 Facilities to melt and solidify inorganic sludge,
the facility.
ash, and other inorganic hazardous wastes
Facilities include those that receive offsite of
E-3 Physicochemical treatment facilities including
hazardous waste and recover valuable materials
neutralization, oxidation, and reduction of waste
from the hazardous wastes, use hazardous waste
acid, waste alkali, or waste solution containing
as input materials or fuel for production, or
cyanide or chromium
produce compost by biological treatment of
E-4 Facilities to thermally decompose waste
hazardous waste.
containing cyanide
It also includes, but are not limited to, facilities
E-5 Facilities to decompose PCB
that regenerate oil and solvents and recover
E-6 Facilities to chemically treat infectious waste
metals from hazardous wastes.
E-7 Facilities to rinse containers that used to
contain hazardous waste
◦ g. prepare and implement an emergency
F F-1 Open space to place containers, vessels, or
contingency plan;
tanks containing hazardous waste
 ◦ h. train its personnel and staff ◦ The waste type (class and description) and mode
of treatment has been approved by the DENR
◦ i. submit a quarterly report on operation practices EMB
of the TSD facility to the EMB Central Office

 Requirements for establishing a TSD Facility

 A person who wishes to establish a TSD facility shall

submit the following requirements:

◦ 1. Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)

or Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

◦ 2. A prospective waste treater has financial

resources (i.e. letter of credit, surety bond, trust
fund) to conduct proper hazardous waste
treatment continuously and to cover liability for
accidents

 Requirements for the issuance of a TSD Facility Permit

 After the construction of the TSD facility, an applicant

shall submit the following documents and the payment of
the prescribed fee to the EMB Central Office prior to the
issuance of the TSD Facility Permit:

◦ a) Duly accomplished Application Form

◦ b) Emergency/Contingency Plans including

Abandonment Plan

◦ c) Process flow and detailed description of each

treatment/ recycling/disposal process
technologies

◦ d) Storage Management Plan for raw materials,

residues, by products and end-products

◦ e) Long-term plan for the recycled/processed/end-

product

◦ f) Accountability statement, duly notarized

 WASTE ACCEPTANCE

◦ The waste treater should reject and return the

waste load to the generator named on the manifest
if any of the waste acceptance requirements is in
question or not in place. Interim storage at the
TSD facility (that is, storage until the issue is
resolved) is not permitted

 Waste acceptance requirements

◦ Proper manifest(s) must accompany the shipment

◦ The containers are properly labeled

◦ Verify the type of hazardous waste indicated in its

manifest.

◦ The waste is transported by a licensed and

registered hazardous waste transporter.