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Solidworks Tutorial

This document provides instructions for using ANSYS to perform a 2D fracture analysis on a flat plate with a central crack subjected to tension. The following steps are described: 1) defining element types, material properties, geometry, meshing, and boundary conditions; 2) applying loads and solving; 3) post-processing including determining the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip. The SIF from ANSYS agrees reasonably well with the theoretical solution, with an error of around 9.36%.

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AshishHegde
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208 views

Solidworks Tutorial

This document provides instructions for using ANSYS to perform a 2D fracture analysis on a flat plate with a central crack subjected to tension. The following steps are described: 1) defining element types, material properties, geometry, meshing, and boundary conditions; 2) applying loads and solving; 3) post-processing including determining the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip. The SIF from ANSYS agrees reasonably well with the theoretical solution, with an error of around 9.36%.

Uploaded by

AshishHegde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANSYS TUTORIAL - 2-D FRACTURE ANALYSIS

ANSYS Release 14.5

Problem Description
Consider a flat plate in tension with a central crack as shown in Fig. 1. The plate is made of steel with
Young's modulus E = 200 GPa and Poisson's ratio = 0.3. Let b = 0.5 m, a = 0.06 m, σ = 100 MPa.
Determine the stress intensity factors (SIFs).

2a

Figure 1: Through-thickness crack

An analytical solution given by W.D. Pilkey (Formulas for Stress, Strain, and Structural Matrices)
is

K1 = ??√??
Where
C = (1 − 0.1?? + 0.96??)?1/cos(??)
η=a/b

Use of this solution yields K1 = 67.45 MPa√?

Assumptions and Approach


i. Assumptions
Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM).
Plane strain problem.
ii. Approach

Due to symmetry of the problem, a quarter model can be used. However, to illustrate a way
to model both upper and lower faces of a crack, the right-half model is considered in this
tutorial.

Preprocessing
1. Give the Job a Name
Utility Menu > File > Change Job name...
The following window comes up. Enter a name, for example `Central Crack', and click on OK.

2. Define Element Type


Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete
This brings up the 'Element Types' window. Click on the Add... button.

The 'Library of Element Types' window appears. Highlight `Solid', and `8node 183', as shown.
Click on OK.
You should see `Type 1 PLANE183' in the `Element Types' window as follows:

Click on the Options... button in the above window. The below window comes up. Select
`Plane strain' for `Element behavior K3' and click OK.
Click on the Close button in the `Element Types' window.

3. Define Material Properties


Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models
In the right side of the define Material Model Behavior' window that opens, double click on
`Structural',
then Linear , then Elastic , finally Isotropic .

The following window comes up. Enter in values for the Young's modulus (E = 2E5) and Poisson's
ratio (PRXY = 0.3) of the plate material.

4. Define Key points


Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Key points > In Active CS
We are going to create 10 key points given in the following table:

Key point # X Y Key point # X Y


To create keypoint #1, enter `1' as keypoint number, and `0' and `0.0001' as the X and Y coordinates in
the following window. Click on Apply

Repeat the above step for keypoints #2 through #10. Note that you must click on OK instead of Apply
after entering data of the keypoint.

5. Define Line Segments

We are going to create the following 10 line segments that de ne the boundary of the right-half
model.

Line # Starting keypoint Ending keypoint Line # Starting keypoint Ending keypoint

Turn on the numbering by selecting Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Numbering ... and complete the
window that appears as shown. Click on OK.
Select Utility Menu > Plot > Lines. Your graphics window should look like this,

6. Discretize Lines L6, L7, L8, L9, L5 and L10


Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > Manual Size > Lines > Picked
Lines
Pick lines #6, #7, #8, #9, #5 and #10. Click on the OK button in the picking window.
The below window opens. Enter `60' for 'No. of element divisions', then click OK.
7. Create the Concentration Keypoint (Crack Tip)
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > Concentrat KPs > Create
Pick keypoint #3, then click OK in the picking window.

In the below window that appears, you should see `3' as `Keypoint for concentration'. Enter `
0.0025' for `Radius of 1st row of elems', input `25' for `No of elems around circumf', and select
`Skewed 1/4pt' for `midside node position'. Click OK.

8. Create the Area


Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Arbitrary > By Lines

Pick all the lines (L1 through L10) by selecting `Loop' in the picking window, then selecting
any one of those lines. Click on OK.

9. Mesh the Model


Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free

Pick the area and click on OK.


Close the `Warning' window. Your ANSYS window should look like this,
10. Apply Boundary Conditions
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > De ne Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement >
Symmetry B.C. > ...with Area
Pick line #5. Click Apply (in the picking window). Pick the area. Click Apply.
Pick line #10. Click Apply. Pick the area. Click OK.

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > De ne Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement >
On Keypoints

Pick keypoint #8. Click on OK in the picking window.


In the following window that pops up, select `UY' and enter `0' for `Displacement value', then click on
OK

11. Apply Loads


Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > De ne Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure >
On Lines
Pick lines #6 and #9. Click OK in the picking window.
In the following window that comes up, select `Constant value' for `Apply PRES on lines as a', enter `-
150' for `Load PRES value', then click on OK.
Processing (Solving)
Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis
Make sure that `Static' is selected. Click OK.
Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS
Check your solution options listed in the `/STATUS Command' window. Click
the OK button in the `Solve Current Load Step' window.
Click the Yes button in the `Verify' window.

You should see the message `Solution is done!' in the `Note' window that comes up. Close the `Note'
and `/STATUS Command' windows.

Post processing
1. Zoom the Crack-Tip Region
Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan Zoom Rotate...
This brings up the following window:

In the above window, click on the Box Zoom button and zoom the crack-tip region. You may want to
leave the `Pan-Zoom-Rotate' window open for further use.
Turn on the node numbering by selecting Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Numbering..., then check the
box for `Node numbers', then finally click on OK. Your ANSYS Graphics windows should be similar
to the following:
2. Define Crack-Face Path
Main Menu > General Postproc > Path Operations > Define Path > By Nodes

Pick the crack-tip, then nodes on the crack parallel faces. Click OK.
In the below window that appears, enter `K1' for `Define Path Name:', then click OK.

Close the `PATH Command' window.

3. Define Local Crack-Tip Coordinate System


Utility Menu > Work Plane > Local Coordinate Systems > Create Local CS > At
Specified location > Choose key point 3
Note from the above window that the reference number of the crack-tip coordinate system is 11. Click
on the OK button.

4. Activate the Local Crack-Tip Coordinate System


Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to > Specified Coord Sys...

In the below window that comes up, enter `11' for `Coordinate system number', then click
OK.

To activate the crack-tip coordinate system as results coordinate system, select Main Menu > General
Postproc > Options for Outp. In the window that appears (as shown at the top of the next page),
select `Local system' for `Results coord system' and enter `11' for `Local system reference no. Click
OK in this window.
5. Determine the Mode-I Stress Intensity Factor using KCALC
Main Menu > General Postproc > Nodal Calcs > Stress Int Factr

In the below window that opens, select `Plain strain' for `Disp extrapolate based on' and `Full-crack
model' for `Model Type'. Note that the `Full-crack model' must be selected as both the crack faces are
included in the model.

Click on OK. The window shown below appears and it shows that the SIFs at the crack tip (node #3)
are
K1 (theoretical) = 67.45 MPa
K1 (analytical) = 73.77 MPa

On comparing the theoretical value (67.45 MPa) with the analytival value (73.77 MPa) we get
a percentage error of 9.36%.

6. Exit ANSYS, Saving All Data


Utility Menu > File > Exit ...
In the window that opens, select `Save Everything' and click on OK.

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