Open System
Interconnection Model
Presented by Hung Ba Ngo
OSI - Open System Interconnection Model
● Standardized by ISO (International Standard
Organization)
● Composed from seven layers:
Physical layer
Data link layer
Network layer
Transport layer
Session layer
Presentation
Application layer
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 2
OSI Model
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 3
OSI Model
Application
Protocol
Interface 4/3
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 4
OSI Model
Physical layer
Transmit raw bit on a physical link
Define the hardware equipment, cabling,
wiring, frequencies, pulses used to represent
binary signals, …
Provide services to data link layer
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 5
OSI Model
● Data link layer
• Data transmission unit – Frame
• Establish mechanism for error detection and correction
• Establish mechanism for flow control
• Control access into shared medium
• Require direct links between sending and receiving
hosts
• 01001 => 01001
• 01001 => 01011
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 6
OSI Model
Network layer
Data transmission unit - Packet
Routing and forwarding packets
Detecting and avoiding network congestion
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 7
OSI Model
Transport layer
Provide an end-to-end data transmission service
Control packets loss and duplication
Multiplexing / De-multiplexing
Session layer
Session management
Synchronizing transmission data
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 8
OSI Model
Presentation layer
Standardizing data exchanged between different computer
architectures: Little Endian víi Big Endian, . .
Compressing, encoding transmission data
Application layer
Network applications : Email, Web, FTP, . . .
Application protocols: HTTP, SMTP, POP,IMAP...
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 9
OSI Model
n+1 n+1 n Entity: a process in
entity entity
n+1-PDU layer N
n-SDU n-SDU SAP = Service Access
n-SAP n-SAP Point
n-SDU H SDU = Service Data
n n Unit
entity entity
H n-SDU PDU = Protocol Data
n-PDU Unit
H=Header
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 10
Example of layer hierarchy
Application Application
Presentation Presentation
Session Session
Transport Transport
Mail sorting
Mail sorting center in Cần Thơ Post
Paris Post Office center in Paris TPHCM Office
Network Network Network Network Network Network
Airport in Paris TanSonNhat
Airport
Datalink Datalink Datalink Datalink Datalink Datalink Datalink Datalink
Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 11
Example of layer hierarchy
Application layer: Writing/reading letter
Presentation layer: Translating, putting letter into an
envelop, open an envelop
Session layer: Collecting/Dispatching letters of different
offices
Transport layer: Role of office agent in a company.
Network layer: Role of post office or Mail sorting center
Data-link layer: Transport mail between two neighborhood
post office.
Physical: Transportation methods (by car, by train, by
airplane).
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 12
Computer Network Operating Systems
OSI
OSI UNIX Netware NT
Application Netware File I/O
NFS Core Protocol
Presentation SubEnv
Named | NetBios
Session FTP,SMTP,... Pipe | NetBIOS
Transport TCP-UDP SPX
NETBEUI
Network IP IPX
Data-link Lan Driver Lan Driver Lan Driver
MAC ODI-NDIS NDIS
Phisycal Phisycal Phisycal Phisycal
OSI Model - Hung Ba Ngo 13