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Formula Sheet Summary Advanced Engineering Mathematics

This document provides a summary of key formulas from advanced engineering mathematics: 1. It defines common notations and identities for exponential, trigonometric, and complex functions. 2. It outlines methods for solving ordinary differential equations, including linear equations and those with particular solutions. 3. It introduces concepts for multivariable calculus like partial derivatives, double integrals, and line integrals. 4. It also summarizes techniques for matrices, vectors, and linear algebra problems.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
857 views3 pages

Formula Sheet Summary Advanced Engineering Mathematics

This document provides a summary of key formulas from advanced engineering mathematics: 1. It defines common notations and identities for exponential, trigonometric, and complex functions. 2. It outlines methods for solving ordinary differential equations, including linear equations and those with particular solutions. 3. It introduces concepts for multivariable calculus like partial derivatives, double integrals, and line integrals. 4. It also summarizes techniques for matrices, vectors, and linear algebra problems.

Uploaded by

ejl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Formula sheet - Summary Advanced Engineering


Mathematics

Advanced Engineering Mathematics (University of Southern Queensland)

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1. The alternative notation for the exponential function ex = exp(x).


2. Euler’s formula: ejx = cos x + j sin x
  2 k

 
1 1 1
3. De Moivre’s formulae: z   re  j  2 k  n
n j
j n jn
n
r e ; z  re  r ne n . n

f f
4. Directional derivative: Dn f  m  cos   sin  , where  is the angle between the unit
vector n and axis x. x y
f f f
5. The gradient: grad f  x, y, z   f  i  j  k.
x y z
a a i  a y j  a zk
6. The unit vector n parallel to vector a: n   x .
a a x2  a y2  a z2
7. The integrating factor for a linear ODE: y  p  x y  q  x ; I  x  exp   p  x dx.
 
 x  a    f  n a  x  a  .
2 n
x a
8. The Taylor series: f  x  f  a   f   a   f   a   
1! 2! n!

a
9. The Fourier series: f  t   0    a n cos  n t   bn sin  n t  , where  = 2 /T and
2 n 1
T 2 T 2
2 2
f  t  cos  n t  dt ,  n  0, 1, 2,  ; bn   f t  sin  n t  dt ,  n  1, 2,  .
T T 2
an 
T T 2
10. General solution to the linear homogeneous 2-nd order ODE with constant coefficients:
a) y  Ae p1x  Be p2 x – if roots are distinct and real;
b) y  e x  C1 cos  x  C2 sin  x – if roots are complex-conjugate (p1,2 =  ± i);
c) y   C1  C2 x erx – if roots are equal (p1 = p2 = r).
11. The method of undetermined coefficients for a particular solution of non-homogeneous
ODE:
a) If function in the right-hand side is f (x) = ekxP(x), where P(x) is a polynomial of degree n, then
the trial solution should be taken in the form ypn = ekxQ(x), where Q(x) is an n-th degree
polynomial with the unknown coefficients.
b) If function f (x) = ekxP(x) cos mx or f (x) = ekxP(x) sin mx, where P(x) is a polynomial of degree
n, then the trial solution should be taken in the form ypn = ekxQ(x) cos mx + ekxR(x) sin mx,
where Q(x) and R(x) are an n-th degree polynomials with the unknown coefficients.
c) If any term of the particular trial solution ypn is a solution of a complementary homogeneous
equation (the resonance case), then multiply ypn by x or even by x2 if necessary.
12. The chain rule for the function of 3 variables w = f (x, y, z), where x, y and z are in turn
functions of other three variables s, t and u, x = x(s, t, u), y = y(s, t, u), z = z(s, t, u):
w w x w y w z w w x w y w z w w x w y w z
   ,    ,    .
s x s y s z s t x t y t z t u x u y u z u
13. The criterion for the complete differential for a function of two variables (the criterion that
the plane vector filed is potential): the expression df = P(x, y)dx + Q(x, y)dy is a complete
differential if P y = Qx. Correspondingly the vector field V = P(x, y) i + Q(x, y) j is potential at the
same condition.
14. Equation of a tangent plane to a surface z = f (x, y) at the point P(x0, y0, z0):
z = z0 + f 'x (x0, y0)(x – x0) + f ' y (x0, y0)(y – y0).
15. The differential of function w = f (x, y, z) is: df = f ' x(x, y, z)dx + f ' y(x, y, z)dy + f ' z(x, y, z)dz.
16. Necessary conditions for the extremum of a differentiable function: all its partial derivatives
must be zero at the point of extremum.

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17. Sufficient conditions for the extremum. Find all second partial derivatives at the critical
point: A = fxx(x0, y0), B = fxy(x0, y0), C = fyy(x0, y0) and calculate the discriminant: D = AC  B2.
- If D > 0 and A > 0 – then function z = f (x, y) has a local minimum at the critical point (x0, y0);
- If D > 0 and A < 0 – then function z = f (x, y) has a local maximum at the critical point (x0, y0);
- If D < 0 – then function z = f (x, y) has a saddle at the critical point (x0, y0);
- If D = 0 – then the test is inconclusive.
18. Area of the plane figure can be calculated by means of a double integral over the domain
bounded by the given curves A = 1dA.
19. The links between the Cartesian and polar coordinates:
y
x  r cos  , y  r sin  ; r  x2  y2 ,   atan .
x
20. Conversion from the Cartesian to polar coordinates in double integrals:
 f  x, y dxdy   f  r ,  rdrd .
 

 Q P 
21. Green’s theorem:  F  x, y  dr   P  x, y  dx  Q  x, y  dy      dxdy.
C C  
x y 

22. The area of a domain via the contour integral: A   F  x, y  dr    curlF  z dxdy   1dxdy.
C  

23. The line integral of the first kind is:


T

 F  x, y, z ds   F  t  , t  ,  t    t      t      t  dt ,


2 2 2

 0

where is a continuous line in 3D space: r (t) =  (t) i +  (t) j +  (t) k, where 0 ≤ t ≤ T, and
scalar function F(x, y, z) is defined on 
24. The line integral of the second kind is:
A   F  x, y, z   dr    P  x, y, z  dx  Q  x, y, z  dy  R  x, y, z  dz  
 
T

 P   t  ,  t  ,   t    t   Q   t  , t  ,  t  t   R  t  , t  ,  t   t  dt ,


0

where is a continuous line in 3D space: r (t) =  (t) i +  (t) j +  (t) k, where 0 ≤ t ≤ T, and
F(x, y, z) is the vector field in 3D space: F(x, y, z) = P(x, y, z) i + Q(x, y, z) j + R(x, y, z) k.
25. The characteristic equation for eigenvalues: det (A  I ) = 0;
26. Equation for eigenvectors of a matrix A: Av = v, where  is a known eigenvalue.
27. Definition of the symmetric matrix AT = A.
28. The norm of n-component vector: v  12  22   n2 .
uv u11  u22   unn
29. The angle between two vectors: cos    .
uv u1  u22   uz2 12  22   n2
2

30. Symmetric matrix: AT = A. Orthogonal matrix P: P T = P 1 or equivalently, if PP T = P TP = I.


31. sin 2 = 2 sin cos ; cos 2 = cos2 – sin2; 2sin2 = 1 – cos 2; 2cos2 = 1 + cos 2.
b b
32. Integration by parts:  u ( x) ( x)dx  u ( x) ( x) a    ( x)u( x)dx.
b

a a

dx 1 x dx 1 ax dx x x
33. a 2
x 2
 tan 1 ;
a a a 2
x 2
 ln
2a a  x
;  a x
2 2
 sin 1
a
  cos 1 .
a

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