PAAVAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

AT 2203/ME 1201- ENGINEERING
THERMODYNAMICS (Regulation 2008)
(Use of steam tables, Mollier chart and Psychrometric chart permitted )

Question Bank

UNIT-I: Basic concept & First law

PART -A

1. Define zeroth law and first law of thermodynamics?

2. Define an open system, closed system and isolated system. with examples.
3. What is meant by thermodynamics system? How do you classify it?
4. What is mean by point and path function.
5. How do you classify the property?( Intensive and Extensive properties)
6. What do you understand by Equilibrium of a system? or When a system is
said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium?
7. What is meant by thermodynamic property(or)How do you classify the
property?(Intensive and Extensive properties)
8. What is mean by perpetual motion machine of first kind?
9. Prove Cp - Cv = R
10.Determine the molecular volume of any perfect gas at 600 N/m2 and 300.
Universal gas constant may be taken as 8314 J/kg mole-K
11.What is quasi static process, Enthalpy, Internal energy.

PART - B
1. A fluid is confined in a cylinder by a spring –loaded frictionless piston so that
the pressure in the fluid is a linear function of the volume p = a+bV. The internal
energy of the fluid is given by the following equation u = 34 + 3.15pV ,where u
in kj ,p is in kpa , V in m3if the fluid is changes from initial state of 170kpa, 0.03
m3 to a final state of 400 kPa, 0.06 m3, with no other work than that done on the
piston, find the direction and magnitude of work and heat transfer.
2. A piston and cylinder machine contains a fluid system which passes through a
complete cycle of four processes. During the cycle, the sum of all heat transfer is
-170 kj. The system completes 100 cycles per minute. Complete the following
table showing the method for each item, and complete the net rate of work
output in MW,

Process Q(kj/min) W(kj/min)

a-b 0 2,170
 b-c 21,000 0
c-d -2,100 -
d-a - -

3. A mass of air is initially at 2600 c and 700 kPa and occupies 0.028 m3 , the air
is expanded at constant pressure to 0.084m3. a polytrophic process with n= 1.5
is then carried out , followed by a constant temperature process. All the process
are reversible. Find the following i) sketch the cycle in the P-V & T-S diagram. ii) find
the heat received and heat rejected in the cycle. iii) find the efficiency of cycle.
4. A room for four person has two fans ,each consumes 0.18KW power and three
100 watts lamps. Ventilation air at the rate 80 kj/hr enters with an enthalphy of
84 kj/kg and leaves with an enthalpy of 59 kj/kg. if each person puts heat at the
rate of 630 kj/hr, determine the rate at which heat is to be removed by a room
cooler so that a steady state is maintained in the room.
5. (i)Derive expression of SFEE for Nozzle and(ii) Derive polytrophic process.
6. A certain working fluid undergoes a process in such a way that pressure and

volume are related as P = +2.0 ,Where p is in KPa and V is in m3. During the

process the volume changes from 0.15 m3 to 0.1 m3 . Determine the work
done in the process
7. A turbine operates under steady flow conditions receiving steam at the
following state: pressure 1.2Mpa,Temperature 188°C, enthalpy 2785 kj/ kg,
velocity 33.3 m/s and elevation 3m.The steam leaves the turbine at the following
state: pressure 20kpa, enthalpy 2512 kj/kg, velocity 100 m/s, and elevation
0m.Heat is lost to the surrounding at the rate of 0.29 kj/s. If the rate of steam
flow through the turbine is 0.42 kg/s, what is the power output of the turbine in
MW?
8. In an isentropic flow through nozzle, air flows at the rate of 600 kg/hr. At
inlet to the nozzle, pressure is 2Mpa and temperature is 1270C .The exit pressure
is 0.5 Mpa. Initial air velocity is 300 m/s Determine (i) exit velocity of air (ii)
inlet and exit area of nozzle (iii) inlet and exit diameter .
9. A centrifugal pump delivers 2750kg of water per minute from initial pressure
of 0.8bar absolute to a final pressure of 2.8bar absolute. The suction is 2m
below and the delivery is 5m above the center of pump. If the suction and
delivery pipe are of 15cm and 10cm diameter respectively, make calculation for
power required to run the pump.
10. Air expands by isentropic process through a nozzle from 784 kpa and
0
220 C to an exit pressure of 98 kpa. Determine the exit velocity and mass flow
rate, if the exit area is 0.0006m3.
11. Describe steady flow energy equation and deduce suitable expression
for the expansion of gas in a gas turbine with suitable assumption.
12. Air at a temperature of 150C passes through a heat exchanger at a
velocity of 30m/s where its temperature is raised to 8000C. It then enters a
turbine with the same velocity of 30m/s and expands until the temperature falls
to 6500C.on leaving the turbine, the air is taken at a velocity of 60m/s to a nozzle
where it expands until the temperature has fallen to 5000C.if the air flow rate is
2kg/s, calculate: (i) The rate of heat transfer to the air in the heat exchanger, (ii)
The power output from the turbine assuming no heat loss, (iii) The velocity at
exit from the nozzle, assuming no heat loss.
 Take the enthalpy of air as h=CPt, where CP is specific heat equals to 1.005
kj/kg k and ‘t’ the temperature

UNlT-II : Second Law

PART-A (2 marks)
1. State the Kelvin - Planck statement of second law of thermodynamics.
2. State Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics.
3. Write the two statements of the Second law of thermodynamics.
4. State Carnot's theorem.
5. Define - PMM of second kind.
6. What is difference between a heat pump and refrigerator?
7. What is mean by heat engine?
8. Define the term COP.
9. Why Carnot cycle cannot be realized in practice?
10. Name two alternative methods by which the efficiency of a Carnot cycle can
be increased.
11. Why a heat engine cannot have 100% efficiency
12. When the Carnot cycle efficiency will be maximum?
13. What are the processes involved in Carnot cycle

PART-B (16 marks)

1. A Heat engine is used to drive a heat pump. The heat transfer from the heat
engine and from the heat pump is used to heat thewater circulating through
radiators of building. The efficiency of the heat engine is 27% and COP of
the heat pump is 4. (ii) evalvate the ratio of heat transfer to the circulating water to
the heat transfer to the heat engine .
2. A carnot heat engine takes heat from an infinite reservoir at 550 0c and
rejects it to a sink of 2750c. half of the work delivered by the engine is used
to run the generator and the other half is used to run the heat pump which
takes heat at 2750c and rejects it at 4400c. express the heat rejected at 4400c
by the heat pump as the percentage of heat supplied to the engine at 550 0c.
if the operation of the generator is 500KW, find the heat rejected per hour
by the heat pump at 4400c.
3. Two carnot engines A & B are operated in series. The first one A receives
heat at 870k and rejects to a reservoirs at a temperature T. the second
engine B receives the heat rejected by the first engine and in turn rejects to
a heat reservoir at 300k. Calculate the intermediate temperature T in 0c
between to heat engines for the following cases. I) the work output of two
engines are equal. ii) the efficiency of two engines are equal.
4. A reversible heat engine operating between reservoir at 900k and 300k
drives the reversible refrigerator operating between the reservoir at 300k
and 250k. the heat engines receives 1800kJ heat from 900k reservoir. The
net output from the combined engine refrigerator is 360kJ. Find the heat
transferred to the refrigerator and net heat rejected to the reservoir at
300k .
5. An office room which was heated by electric resistance heater consumed
 1200 KW-hr of electrical energy in a winter month. Instead of this heater
if the same office room is heated by a heat pump which is having 20% of
COP of ideal carnot pump. The room temperature is 240c while the
surrounding is at 00c. if heat supplied from the surrounding by the heat
pump is 0.65 kj, determine COP and money saved per month.Assume cost
of electricity is Rs 1.75 KW/hr
6. Derive clausius inequality, and explain principle of increase in Entropy.
7. Mixing of two fluids and maximum work obtained from to two finite
bodies at temperature TH and TL
8. Explain Carnot cycle and reversible carnot cycle
9. Explain thermodynamic temperature scale

UNIT- 3: Properties of pure substance & Steam power cycle

PART-A (2 marks)
1. Define latent heat of ice and pure substance
2. Sketch the flow diagram of rankine cycle indicating the main components.
3. What is saturation temperature and saturation pressure?
4. one kg of steam at 10 bar has an enthalpy of 2500kj/kg find its quality
5. Define the terms 'Boiling point' and 'Melting point .
6. Define dryness fraction of steam (or) What is quality of steam?
7. Define: sensible heat of water.
8. Define the term "Super heat enthalpy".
9. What are wet and dry steam?
10. State phase rule of pure substances.
11. Explain the terms: Degree of super heat, Degree of sub cooling.
12. Define triple point and critical point for pure substance.

PART-B (16 marks)

1. Find the internal energy of unit mass of steam at a pressure of 7 bar i) when
the quality is 0.8 ii) when it is dry and saturated and iii) super heated, the
degree of superheat being 650c. the specific heat of super heated steam at
constant pressure is 2.277 kj/kg k
2. Steam at 4 bar and 0.7 dry expands at constant volume until 5.5 bar. Find the
final condition of steam and heat absorbed by 1 kg of steam.
3. One kg of steam at a pressure of 700 kpa and 0.6 dry is heated at constant
pressure until it becomes dry saturated. Determine change in internal energy
and work done .
4. Steam at 1Mpa and 0.9 dry is throttled to a pressure of 200 kpa. Using
steam table, find the quality of steam and change in entropy. Check your
answer using Mollier chart? State whether this process is reversible or not?
5. In a steam power plant plant operating on an ideal reheat rankine cycle, the
steam enters a high pressure turbine at 3 Mpa and 400 0c. After expension
to0.6 Mpa, the steam is reheated to 4000c and then expended to lower
pressure turbine to the condenser pressure of 10 kpa. Determine the thermal
efficiency of the cycle and the quality of steam at the outlet of the low
pressure turbine.
 6. In a regenerative cycle, the steam pressure at turbine inlet is 30 bar and the
exhaust is at 0.04bar. the steam is initially saturated. Enough steam is bled
off at the optimum pressure of 3 bar to heat the feed water. Determine the
cycle efficiency and neglect pump work
7. A steam power plant uses steam at boiler pressure of 150 bar and
temperature 5500c at condenser pressure of 0.1 bar. Find the quality of
steam at turbine exhaust, cycle efficiency and the steam rate.
8. In a single heater regenerative cycle the steam enters the turbine at 30 bar
and 400 0c and the turbine exhaust pressure is 0.01 bar. The condensate is
heated in a direct contact type heater which operates at 5 bar. Find the
efficiency and the steam rate of the cycle and the increase in mean
temperature of heat addition, efficiency and steam rate as compared to the
rankine cycle. Neglect pump work.
9. A reheat cycle operating between 30 and 0.04 bar has a superheat and reheat
temperature of 4500c. the first expansion takes place till the steam is dry
saturated and then reheat is given , neglect feed pump work determine the
ideal cycle efficiency
10. Explain PV, P-T, PVT surface
11.Explain T-V, T-S,h-S ,Mollier diagram
UNIT – 4 Ideal and real gases and thermodynamic relation

PART-A
2 0
1. Determine the molecular volume of any perfect gas at 600N/m and 30 C.
Universal gas
2. constant may be taken as 8314J/kg mole-K.
3. state Boyle's law.
4. State Avogadro's law.
5. State Dalton's law of partial pressure
6. How does the Vander Waals equation differ from the ideal gas equation of
state?
7. What is meant by virtual expansion?
8. Distinguish between ideal and real gas.
9. Define Joule-Thomson Co-efficient.
10. Define Co-efficient of volume expansion and Isothermal compressibility.
11.What is compressibility factor?
12. What is compressibility factor? What does it signify? What is its value for an
ideal gas at a critical point?

PART-B
1. Derive Maxwell’s equation (or) Using the cycle relation and the first Maxwell
relation, derive the other three Maxwell relation
2. Describe and derive joule Kelvin effect with the help of T-P diagram (or)
Derive Joule-Thomson coefficient equation
3. Derive clausius-clapeyron equation.
4. Derive enthalpy equation
5. Derive entropy first and second order equation (or) Prove T ds =CV dT +T (
)V dV (or) Derive Tds equation where (i)T and V independent (ii) T and P
independent (iii) P and V independent
6. Derive vandar Waals equation and compressibility chart.
7. A mixture of ideal gas consists of 3 kg of nitrogen and 5 kg of co2 at pressure
of 300 kpa and temperature of 200c find i) the mole fraction of each constituent.
ii) equivalent molecular weight of mixture. iii) equivalent gas constant of
mixture. iv) partial pressure & partial volume.
8. An insulated rigid tank is divided into two compartment by a partition. One
compartment contain 7 kg of o2 gas at 400c & 100kPa, & other companent
contains 4 kg of N2 gas at 200c& 150 Kpa. Now the partion is removed & the
two gases are allowed to mix, determine i)mixture temperature ii) mixture
pressure after equilibrium has been established.

UNIT – 5 :Psychrometry

PART-A
1. What is the difference between air conditioning and refrigeration?
2. Define psych rometry.
3. Define dry bulb temperature (DBT).
4. Define wet bulb temperature.
5. Define dew point temperature.
6. Define Relative Humidity (RH) and Specific humidity'.
7. Differentiate between absolute and relative Humidity.
8. Define DPT and d egree of saturation.
9. What is dew point temperatur e? How is it related to dry bulb and wet bulb
temperature at the
saturation condition? .
10. State Dalton's law of partial pressure.
11. Define Apparatus Dew Point (ADP) of cooling coil.
12. List down the psychrometirc processes. I
13. Define bypass factor (BPF) of a coil.
14. State the effects of very high and a very low bypass factor.
15. What are the assumptions made while mixing two air streams?
.

PART-B
1. In a laboratory test, a sling psychrometer recorded dry bulb and wet bulb
temperature as 303 K and 298K respectively. Calculate (i)vapour
pressure (ii)relative humidity (iii)specific humidity (iv)degree of
saturation (v)dew point temperature (vi)enthalpy of the mixture. using
both formulas and psychometric chart

2. A stream of air at 101.32 kpa, 180C, and a relative humidity of 30% is

flowing at the rate of 14.15 m3/min. A second stream at 101.32 kpa, 380C
and a relative humidity of 50% is flowing at the rate of 8.5m 3/min. The
two streams are mixed adiabatically to form a third stream at 101.31 kpa.
Determine (i)the specific humidity, (ii)the relative humidity (iii)the
temperature of the third stream.
0
3. Air at 20 C,40% relative humidity is mixed adiabatically with air at
400C,40% RH in the ratio of 1kg of former with 2kg of latter (on dry
basis).Find the final condition (humidity and enthalpy)of air.
4. Show the following processes a skeleton psychrometric chart (a)
 dehumidification and cooling (b) heating and humidification
5. An air condition system is designed under the following conditions
Outdoor condition 150C DBT and 100C WBT
Required conditions 200C DBT and 50% RH
Amount of free air circulated 0.25m3/min person
Seating capacity – 50 persons
Required condition is achieved first by heating and then by adiabatic
humidifying. Determine the following (i) capacity of heating coil in KW
(ii) capacity of humidifier
0
6. Air at 16 C and 25% RH passes through heater and then through a
humidifier to reach final DBT of 300c and 50% RH. Calculate the heat
and moisture added to air. What is the sensible heat factor.