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A Review of Bamboo As A Reinforcement

Material in Modern Construction
Article (PDF Available) · November 2016 with 876 Reads
Resmi Rajendran

 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology

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IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 05 |
November 2016
ISSN (online): 2349-784X
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
232
A Review of Bamboo As A Reinforcement
Material in Modern Construction
S. Srimathi
S. Dinesh
PG Student
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Coimbatore-
641010, India
Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Coimbatore-
641010, India
R. Preetha
R. Reshmi
Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
SNS College of Engineering Coimbatore- 641062,
India
Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Coimbatore-
641010, India
Abstract
Concrete is a basic material for construction used all over the world. Concrete is strong in
compression and weak in tension. To
counteract this steel is used as a reinforcement material to gain tension. The steel is expensive
and corrodes easily which leads to
deterioration of structure. This can be overcome by bamboo due to its properties like light
weight, strength, durable and easily
renewable. So, the traditional method of using steel reinforcement is replaced by using
bamboo as a reinforcement material in
construction industries. Bamboo is a natural, economical and abundant material. It is having
required compression and tensile
strength. The deflection in mid span can be reduced by providing bamboo reinforcement. We
are going to compare the performance
of steel and bamboo to find the optimum result.
Keywords: Bamboo strip, cypress, flexural strength, laminated, treated bamboo, untreated
bamboo
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. In bamboo, the intermodal
regions of the stem are usually hollow and
the vascular bundles in the cross section are scattered throughout the stem instead of in a
cylindrical arrangement. Bamboo includes
some of the fastest growing plants in the world. Certain species of bamboo can grow 91cm
within a 24 hour period. They are of
notable economic and cultural significance being used for building materials and as a
versatile raw product. Bamboo has a higher
compressive strength than brick, wood, concrete and a specific tensile strength than concrete.
The world timber demand increasing at rapid rate but the supply is depleting. Industrially
treated bamboo has shown greater
strength asewellas for manufacturing of composite materials and components which are
economical and can be suitable for
structural and non-structural application in construction. Developing countries have the
highest demand for steel reinforced
concrete, but often they do not have the means to produce the steel to meet that demand.
Abundant, sustainable and extremely
resilient bamboo has potential in the future to become an ideal replacement in places where
steel cannot easily be produced. It
achieves the strength through its hollow, tubular structure to resist wind forces in its natural
habitat. This light weight structure
also makes it easy to harvest and transport. Due to its rapid growth cycle and varieties of area
in which it is able to grow, bamboo
is cheap. It requires the grass to absorb Co2. These factors can alone are incentive for
investment in developing bamboo as
reinforcement.
With the advancement of science and technology new methods are needed for the processing
of bamboo to make it more durable
and more usable in terms of building material. Studies have been carried out on the basic
characteristics and on processing of
bamboo into various kinds of composite products. Bamboo has several unique features like
ability to grow fast with high yield and
also it matures quickly. Additionally bamboo can grow abundantly that too at lower cost
which make it more economical.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Prem kumar.V, vasuki.V (2014) conducted an in-depth study on mechanical properties of
bamboo reinforced concrete beams. The
experiments analysis where conducted on conventional steel reinforcement over treated and
untreated bamboo reinforced concrete
beams. Untreated bamboo reinforced beams are made of stirrups materials which are Thermo
Mechanically Treated rods and
bamboo. Treated bamboo reinforced beams are made of stirrups material which are Thermo
Mechanically Treated rods and bamboo
coated with epoxy(Concresive Master Index 1315) over which fine sand is sprinkled which
gives high bond strength. The
comparative experimental values of convention steel, untreated and treated reinforced
concrete beams are taken into account to
explain its durability, flexural strength, sustainability.
A Review of Bamboo As A Reinforcement Material in Modern Construction
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 05 / 045)
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
233
James kariuki et.al (2014) were conducted an experimental analysis on flexural strength of
laminated bamboo beams. Yushaniya
alphina is a type of species in bamboo. The bamboo strips are laminated with the help of high
strength Polyvinyl Acetate Adhesive.
The bamboo is cutted and splitted by using pressing and splitting machine. The outer silky
and soft layer is removed before being
boiled and dried. It is then boiled in a solution containing hydrogen peroxide for 3 hours and
preserved using preservative agent
boric acid and borax oxide which are effective against termites and fungi. Finally, the water
is evaporated and salts are settled in
the bamboos which are dried in air for 3 months until 12% of moisture content is achieved.
The six laminated bamboo beams were
compared with three beams of cypress timber. Bamboo laminated beam having better load
carrying capacity than cypress beam.
Farhana Naznin et.al (2015) investigated a study on bamboo reinforced concrete beams.
Bambusa tulda was made into splints
of 16mm and 20mm which are then treated Copper Chrome Boron and finally they are
surface dried. Two types of bamboo splints
are prepared – plain and tor. The tor splints alone are coated with bitumen and sand is
sprinkled to increase bond strength. Steel is
used as a stirrup material for boxing of bamboo reinforced concrete which finally casted. The
concrete mix and water cement ratio
of required proportion is adopted. Bamboo splints are then tested for flexure, tension and
moisture content. Based on results
obtained, we can attain better flexural performance by increasing the number of
reinforcement, diameter of the bar and shear links
to the bamboo reinforced beams. The deflection in the mid span is reduced and also flexural
strength is increased.
Jigar K. Sevalia et.al (2013) has made a study on bamboo reinforced cement concrete.
Tensile test on bamboo stirrups,
compression test on cement concrete cubes and flexural test on bamboo reinforced concrete
beams were conducted to evaluate the
performance of bamboo. For conducting tensile test, the bamboo of length 520mm and
thickness 10mm and both the ends are
roughened to achieve grip. For conducting compression test, the cement concrete specimens
of size 150mm x 150mmx 150mm
were casted and cured before testing. For conducting flexural test, three different type of
flexural beam were prepared such as plain
cement concrete beam without bamboo stirrups, singly reinforced cement concrete beam with
two untreated bamboo stirrups at
the bottom, doubly reinforced concrete beam with two untreated bamboo stirrups provided at
both top and bottom of the beam.
Plain cement concrete beam fail suddenly without any warning which denotes the brittle
failure. Modulus of elasticity and load
carrying capacity is greater in doubly reinforced beam than singly reinforced beam.
Ogunbiyi et.al (2015) has made a comparative analysis of the strength of bamboo and
reinforcement steel bars as structural
members in building construction. High yield and mild steel bars of size 10mm, 12mm,
16mm, 20mm and 25mm are produced.
Bamboo culms of size 10mm, 12mm, 16mm, 20mm and 25mm was made. Tensile test is
conducted on all the three samples of
various diameters. Based on the result obtained, we are concluding that bamboo has a very
low tensile strength and undergoes
brittle failure when load is applied due to low breaking force. It used in place of partition
walls, roofs other areas of light weight
construction but it is not recommended for heavy engineering works.
H.M.A. Mahzuz et.al (2011) made performance evaluation of bamboo with mortar and
concrete. The basic types of sample such
as bamboo sample alone, composite sample of bamboo with mortar poured in its hole,
composite sample of bamboo with the
mixture of sand, cement and stone chips poured in its hole, bamboo reinforced column
sample where bamboos sticks are used as
alternative of steel. For preparing first type of sample, bamboo which were made air dried
and worm free whose length is 1’. The
intermodal regions were made hollow and the ends of bamboo were made perpendicular to
the surface. For preparing second type
of sample, each of bamboo whose length 1’ is selected for testing. The hollow section of the
bamboo sample is filled with concrete.
At the 16th day of curing the sample is air dried to avoid swelling and odorous problem. The
curing is continued further and the
sample is again air dried for two days before testing. For preparing third type of sample, each
of the bamboo samples whose length
1’ is selected for testing. The hollow section of bamboo samples are filled with sand, cement
and stone chips. For preparing the
fourth type of sample, bamboo splints were made to test their effectiveness in concrete
column. Based on result of compression
test made on four samples, bamboo reinforced concrete column gives average stress which
resists moderate load and this type of
sample is suitable for low cost building. Composite sample of bamboo with mixture of
cement, sand and stone chips poured in its
hollow section gains higher strength when compared to composite section of bamboo with
mortar poured in its hollow section.
V. Ashwin et.al (2015) conducted an experimental investigation on deformations of bamboo
reinforced concrete columns. The
conventional steel column is prepared as per specification. The bamboo reinforced column is
prepared by cutting the splints of
bamboo culms as per specification. A thin coating of epoxy resin which is a water proofing
chemical is applied on the splints to
achieve good bonding. The compression and axial load tests are conducted on conventional
steel column and the bamboo reinforced
column and the results are compared. Based on the results obtained, bamboo reinforced
column will not increase the strength but
it enhances the ductility of the section. It is suitable for low rise building and not suitable for
water retaining structures because it
shows larger deflection and increase in moisture content.
I.K.Khan (2014) has conducted the experimental investigation of bamboo reinforced concrete
beams. In this study we are going
to compare the beams reinforced with steel and bamboo sticks of square, triangular and
circular cross section. Based on the
experimental results obtained load carrying capacity, deflection, flexural and shear strength
of bamboo reinforced beam with square
cross section is higher when compared to bamboo reinforced beam with triangular and
rectangular cross section. Hence, the tensile
strength and modulus of elasticity of bamboo is one half and one third of steel respectively.
Sani Haruna, M. Lakshmipathy (2014) were conducted an experimental investigation of
bamboo reinforced coconut shell
concrete beams. The types of beam such as Normal Weight Concrete Beams (NWCB),
Coconut Shell Concrete Beams (CSCB),
Bamboo Reinforced Coconut Shell Concrete Beams (BCSC), Bamboo wrapped with binding
wire Reinforced Coconut Shell
Concrete Beams (BCSCB). Based on the results obtained, energy absorbed by bamboo
reinforced coconut shell concrete beams is
higher than that of other beams. Coconut shell concrete beams, bamboo reinforced coconut
shell concrete beams and bamboo
A Review of Bamboo As A Reinforcement Material in Modern Construction
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 05 / 045)
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
234
wrapped with binding wire reinforced coconut shell concrete beam sshows greater deflection
until failure when compared to normal
weight concrete beams.
Dr. Patel Pratima.A et.al (2013) evaluated the performance of bamboo as reinforcement in
design of structural element. The 3
years old brown coloured bamboo plants were selected and each samples of 1m is chosen
from the bottom of the plant having three
and five nodes. In singly reinforced slab panel bamboo strip is used in the tension zone and in
doubly reinforced concrete panel
bamboo strip is used in both compression and tension zone. Elasticity and load carrying
capacity s same as that of steel. Hence,
bamboo as a bonding element is replaced instead of steel.
Adom et.al (2011) made a comparative study of bamboo reinforced concrete beams using
different stirrups material for rural
construction. Fully grown bamboo species of Bambusa vulgarius and ratten cane species
Ermospatha spp is used for reinforcement.
Different types of stirrups such as steel stirrups, bamboo stirrups and ratten cane stirrups were
used. Ratten canes reinforcement
with steel stirrups is most expensive when compared to bamboo reinforcement. Hence,
bamboo reinforced steel stirrups is
recommended to improve load carrying capacity.
III. ADVANTAGES
 Bamboo is easy to cut, repair, handle, reposition and maintain without the need for
sophisticated tools and equipment.
 Guadua bamboo is suitable for all types of structures and constructions due to its physical
characteristics.
 Bamboo is non-polluting and does not have crusts or parts that can be considered waste.
Instead of adding to the problems of
polluting landfills like conventional building waste, any part of the bamboo hat is not used is
recycled back into the earth as
fertilizer or can be processed as bamboo charcoal.
 Its circular form and hollow sections make bamboo a light building material, which is easy
to handle, transport and store.
Therefore, building with bamboo saves time.
 Bamboo can be utilized for permanent and for temporary constructions.
 In each of its nodes, bamboo has a dividing or transverse wall that maintains strength and
allows bending thus preventing
rupturing when bent. Because of this characteristic’s bamboo construction offers superior
construction earthquake resistance.
 The composition of fibres in the walls of the cut lengthwise or cross cut in pieces of any
length using simple manual tools
like the machete.
 The natural surface of the bamboo is smooth, clean, with an attractive colour which does
not require painting, scraping or
polishing.
 Besides being used as a structural element, bamboo can also serve other functions such as
flooring, wall panelling, water
pipes, drainage and furniture.
 Another advantage of building with bamboo is that it can be used in combination with other
type of materials like reinforcing
materials for foundation.
IV. DISADVANTAGES
 Bamboo tends to shrinks therefore special laundering may be required.
 Designing and constructing with bamboo requires a special skill set that the average
contractor may not possess.
 The number of benefits of bamboo outweighs its disadvantages.
V. APPLICATION
The bamboo is used in construction both internally and externally
Internal application includes:
 Flooring.
 Support columns.
 Electrical wire coverings.
 Interior wall.
 Eco friendly products for kitchen and bath.
External application includes:
 Structural frame.
 Corner posts.
 Girders.
 Joists.
 Studs.
 Braces.
 Tie beams.
 King posts.
A Review of Bamboo As A Reinforcement Material in Modern Construction
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 05 / 045)
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
235
 Purlins.
 Ridgepoles.
 Rafters.
 Sheathing.
 Roofing.
 Exterior walls.
VI. CONCLUSION
By using proper harvesting and preservation techniques water absorption, moisture content of
bamboo can be controlled. By
utilising Bambusa vulgarius species of bamboo we can attain adequate compressive strength.
It provides ductility, when bamboo
is used as reinforcement in concrete to resist earthquake. Bamboo concrete wall panels can
also be used as an infill material in
framed structure which gives better ductility and flexibility to the structure. Based on the
previous researches it provides assurance
that we can use bamboo reinforcement which is most economical and cheaper when
compared to conventional steel reinforcement
and it is recommended to use in single story building. Considering its credibility, there is a
wide scope for designing multi story
building using bamboo reinforcement in future.
REFERENCES
[1] Prem kumar.V, Vasuki.V “Study on Mechanical Strength of Bamboo Reinforced
Concrete Beams” International Journal of Science Engineering and
Technology, volume-2, Issue-3, July-2014.
[2] James Kariuki et.al “Flexural Strength of Laminated Bamboo Beams” International
Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology, Nov 2014.
[3] Farhana Naznin et.al “A Study on Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams” International
Journal of Science and Applied Information Technology, Vol.4, No.3,
Pages: 49-53 (2015).
[4] Jikar.K.Sevalia et.al “Study on Bamboo as Reinforcement in Cement Concrete”
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol.3, Issue-
2, March-April 2013.
[5] Ogunbiyi et.al “Comparative Analysis of Tensile Strength of Bamboo and Reinforcement
Steel Bars as Structural Member in Build ing Construction”
International Journal of Scientific Technology and Research, Volume 4, Issue 11, November
2015.
[6] H.M.A Mahzuz et.al “Performance Evaluation of Bamboo with Mortar and Concrete”
Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, Vol 3(12), November
2011.
[7] V. Ashwin et.al “Experimental Investigation of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Columns”
International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol-3, Issue-3, 2015.
[8] I.K.Khan “Performance of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beam” International Journal of
Science Engineering and Technology, Vol-3, No-3, 2014.
[9] Sani Haruna, M. Lakshmipathy “Ductility Behaviour of Bamboo Reinforced Coconut
Shell Concrete Beams” International Journal of Scientific Engineering
and Research, 2014.
[10] Dr. Patel Pratima et.al “Performance Evaluation of Bamboo as Reinforcement in Design
of Construction Element” International Refreed Journal of
Engineering and Science, Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2013.
[11] Adom et.al “A Comparative Study of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams using
Different Stirrups Material used for Rural Construction” International
Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering.
[12] Tahmina Tasnim Nagar and Md. Motiur Rahman “Strengthening of RCC Beams using
Bamboo Sticks” International Journal of Advanced Science and
Technology, Vol(79), 2015.

 Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Ductility Behaviour of

Bamboo Reinforced Coconut Shell Concrete Beams

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 Sani Haruna
 M Lakshmipathy

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  Performance evaluation of bamboo reinforced concrete beam
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 Jan 2011
 J ENG TECHNOL

 M.M. Rahman
 M.H. Rashid
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 M.T. Hasan

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  Performance Evaluation of Bamboo as Reinforcement in Design of Construction
Element

 May 2013
 International Refreed Journal of Engineering and Science

 Patel Dr
 Pratima

Dr. Patel Pratima et.al " Performance Evaluation of Bamboo as Reinforcement in Design of
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 Study on Mechanical Strength of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams

 Aug 2014
 International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology

 V Prem Kumar
 Vasuki

Prem kumar.V, Vasuki.V " Study on Mechanical Strength of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete
Beams " International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, volume-2, Issue-3,
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 Study on Bamboo as Reinforcement in Cement Concrete

 May 2013
 International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications

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 A Study on Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams

 Jan 2015
 International Journal of Science and Applied Information Technology
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 Farhana Naznin

Farhana Naznin et.al " A Study on Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams " International
Journal of Science and Applied Information Technology, Vol.4, No.3, Pages: 49-53 (2015).
 Comparative Analysis of Tensile Strength of Bamboo and Reinforcement Steel Bars as
Structural Member in Building Construction

 Dec 2015
 International Journal of Scientific Technology and Research

Ogunbiyi et.al " Comparative Analysis of Tensile Strength of Bamboo and Reinforcement
Steel Bars as Structural Member in Building Construction " International Journal of Scientific
Technology and Research, Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2015.
 Performance of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beam

 Jan 2014
 International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology

 I K Khan

I.K.Khan " Performance of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beam " International Journal of
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 Strengthening of RCC Beams Using Bamboo Sticks
Article

 Jun 2015

 Tahmina Tasnim Nahar

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  Md. Motiur Rahman

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Article

 Aug 2012
 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE

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