Case Studies: Disruptive Student Behavior

Written by Billie Hara, Prof Hacker, The Chronicle of Higher Education

The following case studies come from a series entitled “Disruptive Student Behavior”
from the Profhacker blog at the Chronicle of Higher Education website
(http://chronicle.com/), which detail possible classroom scenarios that faculty may
potentially face. The original blog posts include caveats for each scenario, additional
context, and many include responses from seasoned faculty. However, for this
document we have stripped away everything except the actual case studies. Below is a
comprehensive listing of case studies that focus on in-class situations, pulled from this
series and presented in the following categories:
 The Talkative  The Bullies
 The Chatterers  The Entitled
 The Barely Clothed  The Disrespecters
 The inappropriately clothed  The Twarters
 The Smelly

The Talkative (The Case of Know-it-All Nancy)

February 2010, http://chronicle.com/blogPost/Disruptive-Student-Behavior/22948/

SCENARIO: You plan to facilitate a discussion in your class about readings that you assigned. As
students enter the room and settle into their seats, you can feel the buzz in the air. They are
excited. They want to discuss the subject. You begin class by asking a very open-ended question, a
question designed to allow the students to take the subject in an area that interests them. The first
student who responds to your question, a question that is barely out of your mouth, is Nancy, or as her
classmates call her, “Know-it-all-Nancy.” Nancy is a smart young woman who often has very smart
things to say about the subject at hand. She answers your question with great precision, citing
arguments from sources you did not require her to read. You know from experience that if you stand by
quietly and let her finish, class would be over and no one else would have had a chance to speak. So,
you cut her off—politely—to get other students involved in the discussion. You ask another question,
directed at another student. Nancy answers.

The Chatterers (Chatty Cathy and her BFF Conversational Carl)

October 2009, http://chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/disruptive-student-behavior/22792

SCENARIO: You are lecturing in a course that requires some lecture. You don’t lecture at every class
session; you often have class sessions that center around group activities or discussion. You have a
friendly approach to your students, and they are comfortable in the course and with you. But on this
day, as you do your best to present to students information that they need, you notice Chatty Cathy and
her friend Conversational Carl talking, openly and loudly. It is clear by their body language, their
laughter, and the words you overhear that they are not discussing course content. You make eye
contact, alerting them to the fact that you recognize their discussion and that you want it to stop. They
stop talking. A few moments later, they start again; only this time, they are whispering. You verbally
ask them to stop. You notice other students looking over at the chatty pair. Even those evil looks do not
encourage the two students to stop their banter. They continue to talk and laugh.
The Barely Clothed (Too Much Skin)
April 2010, http://chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/disruptive-student-behavior-too-much-skin-
edition/23082

SCENARIO [male version]: Class is in session. Being the constructivist professor you are, you walk
around the room as you lecture or guide your students in their tasks for that day. You notice a small
group of students huddled over a computer trying to stifle their laughter. You approach the group to
see what they are viewing on the screen, and it’s then you realize they are not laughing at something on
the computer; they are using the screen as a shield to hide their laughter. You look up to see what they
are laughing at, and it’s then you see the heavy-set young man at the front of the classroom leaning
across a desk talking to another student. He has leaned so far forward that his pants (sans belt) have
slipped …. they haven’t just slipped below his shorts (if he had been wearing shorts), but his low-rider
jeans have slipped so far down his body he’s sharing his backside all with the rest of the class. The
laughter escalates as other students catch on. He doesn’t seem to recognize that the students are
laughing at him. You feel you have lost control of the situation.

SCENARIO [female version]: Class is in session. You are standing at the front of the classroom
lecturing. The door opens and a young woman enters. It’s hard not to notice her entrance: she’s
wearing white thigh-high boots, a white miniskirt that could rival the length of her underwear, and a
sheer white tube top (and she could get away with wearing these clothes in a different setting). You
don’t want to stare at her, and nor do the other 35 male and female students in the room. But it’s hard
to look away. You shake off the distraction and get on with your lecture. The other students, however,
cannot (or choose not) to shake off the distraction of the woman in white. She seems oblivious to the
commotion she’s caused. You feel you’ve lost control of the situation.

The inappropriately clothed (T-shirt Slogan)

May 2010, http://chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/disruptive-student-behavior-t-shirt-slogan-
edition/23766

Scenario #1: You are teaching a general education class at your institution, a mid-sized public institution
that is (almost) open access. The student body is diverse in both age, race, gender, and socio-economic
status. The class is fairly large (50+ students) and you are in a tiered classroom. The content of that day’s
lecture is not controversial or politically charged. Students are alternately dozing off or taking notes as
you work through that day’s lesson. A student comes into the classroom late, and as the door is at the
front of the room, you and all the students turn to look as she noisily walks in the door. You notice her t-
shirt. As she walks up the steps to the top of the tiered classroom, other students notice her t-shirt, too.
You hear gasps erupting from many students. What’s she wearing? A t-shirt with images of aborted
fetuses on it. On the back? “I’m pro-life!”

Scenario #2: You are teaching a course in your major area, and during the previous class session, you
informally discussed national politics. Even though you are careful to not let your own political biases
affect the class, most students assume your political leanings. You are at a more selective institution
than the institution in scenario #1, but you are still a public university. Your student body does have
racial diversity, but most of the students come from middle- to upper-class families. As you stand at the
front of the room before class begins, male and female students file in talking and laughing. You notice
the t-shirt on one man about the same time another student does. What’s he wearing? A t-shirt with a
likeness of President Obama kneeling. The slogan says, “Obama sucks but does he sw*ll*w?”
The Smelly (What’s that smell?)
December 2009, http://chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/disruptive-student-behavior-whats-that-
smell/22862

SCENARIO: Before class begins, Lethargic Larry/Laura walks by, and you notice a rather pungent,
unusual smell. You realize that the smell comes from alcohol or marijuana. Laura/Larry meanders to a
seat in the back and sits quietly, placing the correct book and notebook on the desk. He/she looks just
as attentive as other students in the class, which is not saying too much. A couple of students who sit
near Larry/Laura notice the smell, too, and start giggling. One whispers something to another student
sitting away from Laura/Larry, who also lets out a snicker. It stops there, but these students keep
glancing at Larry/Laura, who sits there not taking notes and not participating (which is not unusual for
many students in the room).

EXTENDED SCENARIO: Lethargic Laura/Larry shows up for the fourth time smelling like marijuana or
alcohol. Students who sit near him or her roll their eyes and move away as Larry/Laura grabs the same
desk in the back. A couple cough loudly while a couple more hold their noses and look at each other.

The Bullies (Bill the Cop and the busy bees)

November 2010, http://chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/disruptive-student-behavior-the-bullies/28340

SCENARIO: You are new professor, just a year or so out of graduate school, at a small liberal arts college
with a diverse student population. You teach a small course (15-20 students) that is discussion-
based. You assess student learning by quizzes, essays, and journal submissions. One of these students
is a retired police officer, Bill, who “encourages” his classmates to give him their study notes so, as he
puts it, “we can all be on the same page.” You sense he intimidates the other students—by his former
profession, which he speaks about frequently, but also his size and demeanor—but they hand over their
notes. You ask your department chair how to handle the situation. Your chair says to ignore the case,
as the “students need to learn to handle these situations.” You feel conflicted. What do you do?

SCENARIO: You are an experienced educator at a regional state university where the student
population is not very diverse. You are teaching a large class (over 50 students). You expect a lot of
conversation, movement, and collaboration among all students, as this is a hands-on course. In fact, you
strive to group and regroup students at each class session, so they are frequently working with new
people. However, you notice that a small group of men and women—the Busy Bees—dominate class-
wide discussion and they refuse to participate in collaborative work that is not conducted with their
friends. Additionally, when students outside this group are speaking to the entire class, those inside the
group will interrupt the speakers, laugh loudly at something not relevant to the on-going conversation,
or they will talk to one another, thereby ignoring the speaker completely. Several students have
complained about the intimidation and the lack of respect they feel around the “inside group.” You ask
the “Busy Bees” to recognize how they are coming across to their peers, and how they might consider
modifying their behavior. The Busy Bees demand that you provide them with names and exact
complaints so they can corroborate your assessment, as they feel they have been “giving” to those who
are not as fortunate as they are. What do you do?
The Entitled (Students of the rich and famous)
February 2012, http://chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/disruptive-student-behavior-the-entitled-
students/38720

SCENARIO: She emails you the day classes begin and states that she won’t be able to attend the first
two weeks of classes because she’s on a family vacation in Europe. Additionally, she says, the week
before the holiday break isn’t really good for her either because she’s traveling to Africa to go on Safari
during that time. The final exam time might be iffy, too, but she’ll let you know. Can you, she asks, send
her all your notes and PowerPoint presentations so she can do the work on her own?

SCENARIO: He tells you that he can’t take a test on the planned date because he has an appointment
with his father who is, the student reminds you, the president of the Board of Regents for your
university. He’d be happy to take the exam in a few weeks at some time that would be convenient for
him.

The Disrespecters (You can’t teach!)

September 2010, http://chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/disruptive-student-behavior-the-
disrespecters/26653
 You are a young professor, maybe your first or second year on the tenure-track. On the first day
of class, a student asks you, “Are you old enough to teach this class?”
 On the first day of class, a student asks, “Are you gay” (or a derogatory term for homosexual)?
 You are teaching a fairly simple concept and a student yells out, “I don’t get this! You are a bad
teacher!”
 You are working with the same fairly simple concept, and a student mutters (loud enough where
you can hear her): “Who is he to be telling us about this stuff? What qualifications does he
have?”
 You are new to a geographic area that is predominately one ethnicity and race, and you don’t
share this with your new students. In class one day, as you are handing out a test, a student says
to her neighbor, “She is just a [insert racial epithet here]. I don’t have to do what she says.]
 You are teaching in a large lecture hall and you notice that among the 100+ students in the
room, a quarter of them are reading the student newspaper or playing with their cell phones.
 You are teaching the same 100+ student group in the large lecture hall. Twenty-five percent of
the students are reading the newspaper and another 25 percent are taking with each other,
conversations not related to the course content.
 You begin to notice a pattern in your class. You are lecturing (this is the typical mode of
information dissimination for your discipline) and you recognize that students are leaving the
class every 10 minutes. Only a handful of students remain in class at the end of the hour.
 You have a student who is straight from the Mark Waters Mean Girls film who says, “I don’t
have to do your assignment because my dad is on the Board of Regents of this university.”
The Twarters (Feminism, immigration, and evolution)
July 2010, http://chronicle.com/blogs/profhacker/disruptive-student-behavior-meet-the-
thwarters/25708

SCENARIO: You teach a first-year writing course (20-25 students) where controversial subjects are often
the topic of any given class session. In fact, you intentionally introduce “hot button” subjects into your
class discussions, as you believe that students need to be able to argue more than one perspective of an
issue. At the least, you think, students should be able to recognize that multiple perspectives exist and
that they can find “common ground” between opponents of a complex issue. Students read an essay by
a prominent female author about how women in the U.S. culture are “labeled” and conversely, how
men do not have those same-type labels. Tina Thwarter is waiting for you as you begin class: “I’m not
going to read this trash,” she says. “My dad says I don’t have to because I’m not [in staged whisper] a
feminist. I’m here to learn about important things.”

SCENARIO: You are teaching a mid-sized lecture and discussion course (40-50 students) in political
science / government. You are very cautious to never let your personal political beliefs sway the way
you present material to your students. Yet students assume—given your profession (university
professor) that you are a liberal. As part of the scheduled semester’s activities, you discuss immigration
reform in the United States. The Arizona Bill 1070 is in the news, and you ask how this bill may or may
not be relevant to other issues you’ve discussed in the course. (You are NOT in Arizona or any
neighboring state.) Tony Thwarter says (with such conviction that all conversation stops), “I support this
bill because White America should finally stand up and claim its rights… [illegals] don’t deserve anything
that the rest of us have to pay for.” (It’s important to note that Tony used language that won’t be
repeated in this space.) Many students seem to disagree with Tony (shifting in their seats, looking at one
another), but no one says anything.

SCENARIO: You are teaching a large-lecture-type science course (100+ students). On the course
schedule for that day is the evolution / creationism debate. You expect some students to be
uncomfortable or to even be upset about the direction the discussion will take, as this type of discussion
can challenge personally-held beliefs. Most students, however, will just ignore the parts of the
discussion they don’t support. They understand that it’s your job—as their professor—to teach them
something and they will remember testable information and move on (their personal beliefs in check). A
few Thwarters, however, decide that their beliefs are being trampled upon by an academic discussion
that challenges faith. They stand up during your lecture and quote the Bible verses that explain how you
are wrong. Many students seem to agree with the Thwarters, but they stay seated, listening to the
exchange. Other students seem to disagree with the vocal group, but also stay seated. No one is sure
how to act or what to say.