Descriptive Geometry

Nov 1, 2017
 Oblique Planes

Isometric View
View normal to oblique plane

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Oblique Planes

Oblique plane is not

true shape or size in
any of these views

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 Learning Objectives

 Recognize types of lines and planes

 Find the length of a line using descriptive geometry
 Find the true shape and size of a plane

4
 Auxiliary Views
Recall from previous lecture

5
Creating an Aux View 1

 Create a true size for the surface

ABCD

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Creating an Aux View 2

 Create a fold line parallel to the

surface
 The line of site (LOS) is
perpendicular to this surface

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Creating an Aux View 3

 Draw Fold Lines

 H-F and F-P
 Lines at a distance X from the
rear edge of each view
 Draw projection lines between
each view

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Creating an Aux View 4

 Create construction lines

perpendicular to the surface

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Creating an Aux View 5

 Measure the distance from the

fold line H-F to points B and C
 Transfer these measurements
with respect to fold line F-1

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Creating an Aux View 6

 Repeat the measurements for

points A and D
 Transfer into the Aux view

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Creating an Aux View 7

 We now have the true shape of

surface ABCD
 We can measure the shape
directly to find dimensions

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 Partial Aux Views
 Don’t show other features
 Easier to draw
 Easier to understand

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 Successive Aux (Full) Views

7 8 10
12 9 11

6 3 5
1 2 4
8
H 7
F 10
2 9 11
1 2
4
7 8 1 3 5 12
3 4
9
10
12 11 6
6 5

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 Successive Aux Views

7 8 10
12 9 11

6 3 5
1 2 4
8
H 7
F 10
2 9 11
1 2
4
7 8 1 3 5 12
3 4
9
10
12 11 6
6 5

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 Successive Aux Views

7 8 10
12 9 11

8 7
6 3 5
1 2 4 2
8 1 Etc.
H 7
F 10 4
2 9 3
1 2 11
4 5
7 8 1 3 5 12
6
3 4
9
10
12 11 6
6 5

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Successive Aux Views

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 Descriptive Geometry

 Find the actual shape and size of a shape

 Lines
 Planes
 Visually doing the mathematical operation:

L = ( x2 - x1 ) 2 + ( y 2 - y1 ) 2 + ( z 2 - z1 ) 2

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 True Length of a Line

 True length: a straight line distance between two points

 If a line is positioned parallel to a projection plane and the line of
site is perpendicular to that projection plane, the line will appear as a
true length (see Auxiliary View Example)

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 Types of Lines

 Principal Line: Parallel to one of the principal projection

planes
 Frontal Line: Parallel to frontal plane
 Horizontal Line: Parallel to horizontal plane
 Profile Line: Parallel to profile plane
 Oblique Line: Is not parallel to any of the principal
projection planes

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 Horizontal Lines

Note: A point is represented with a “+” mark

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Inclined Lines

oblique line

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Principal Lines

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 Finding True Lengths
GH
+
LH
+
H
GF F
+

LF
+

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 Finding True Lengths
GH
+
 Step 1: Create Fold Line F-1
LH
+
H
GF F
+
F
1

LF
+

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 Finding True Lengths
GH
+
 Step 1: Create Fold Line F-1
LH
+  Step 2: Draw perpendicular
H projectors from LF and GF to F-1

GF F
+
F
1

LF
+

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 Finding True Lengths
GH
+
 Step 1: Create Fold Line F-1
LH D2
+  Step 2: Draw perpendicular
D1 H projectors from LF and GF to F-1
 Step 3: Measure distance from
GF F LH to H-F and GH to H-F
+
F
1

LF
+

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 Finding True Lengths
GH
+
 Step 1: Create Fold Line F-1
LH D2
+  Step 2: Draw perpendicular
D1 H projectors from LF and GF to F-1
 Step 3: Measure distance from
GF F LH to H-F and GH to H-F
+
F  Step 4: Transfer distances to the
1 D2
aux view using F-1

LF +
+

D1 +
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 Finding True Lengths
GH
+
 Step 1: Create Fold Line F-1
LH D2
+  Step 2: Draw perpendicular
D1 H projectors from LF and GF to F-1
 Step 3: Measure distance from
GF F LH to H-F and GH to H-F
+
F  Step 4: Transfer distances to the
1 D2
aux view using F-1
 Step 5: Connect the dots
LF +
+
This is the True Length

D1 +
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Planes

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 Types of Planes

 Horizontal Plane: Appears as True Shape and Size (TSP) in top and
bottom views.
 Vertical Plane: Appears as an edge in top and bottom views. Can appear
several ways in other views.
 Profile Plane: Vertical Plane that is parallel to the profile projection
plane.
 Frontal Plane: Vertical Plane that is parallel to the frontal projection
plane.
 Inclined Plane: Perpendicular but not parallel to a principal projection
plane.
 Oblique: A plane that appears as a surface but is not TSP in every
principal view.

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Examples of the Planes

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 True Size of a Plane
+ XH
ZH +YH
+ H

+ XF F

ZF +YF
+

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 True Size of a Plane
 Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH
ZH + +YH
+ H

+ XF F

ZF +YF
+

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 True Size of a Plane
 Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH
ZH + +YH  Step 2: Project line into the other
+ H view

+ XF F

AF
ZF + +YF
+

True length

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 True Size of a Plane
 Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH
ZH + +YH  Step 2: Project line into the other
+ H view
 Step 3: Construct a fold line
+ XF F F 1 perpendicular to AY

AF
ZF + +YF
+

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 True Size of a Plane
 Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH DX
ZH + +YH  Step 2: Project line into the other
+ H D view
DZ DA Y
 Step 3: Construct a fold line
+ XF F F 1 perpendicular to AY
 Step 4: Measure distances for the
AF points
ZF + +YF
+

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 True Size of a Plane
 Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH DX
ZH + +YH  Step 2: Project line into the other
+ H D D view
DZ DA Y X
 Step 3: Construct a fold line
+ XF F F 1 X1 perpendicular to AY
+
 Step 4: Measure distances for the
AF DA,Y points
ZF + +YF
+ +Y ,A  Step 5: Transfer distances
+Z 1 1
1
DZ

This is an edge view

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 True Size of a Plane
 Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH DX
ZH + +YH  Step 2: Project line into the other
+ H D D view
DZ DA Y X
 Step 3: Construct a fold line
F
+ XF F 1 X1 perpendicular to AY
+ 1
2  Step 4: Measure distances for the
AF DA,Y points
ZF + +YF
+ +Y ,A  Step 5: Transfer distances
+Z 1 1  Step 6: Construct a fold line
1
DZ parallel to the edge view

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 True Size of a Plane
 Step 6: Construct a fold line
+ XH parallel to the edge view
AH
ZH + +YH DX  Step 7: Measure distances
+ H
XF+ F F
1 X1
+ 1
DY 2
AF DA
ZF + +YF
+ +Y ,A
+Z 1 1
1

DZ

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 True Size of a Plane
 Step 6: Construct a fold line
+ XH parallel to the edge view
AH
ZH + +YH  Step 7: Measure distances
+ HDX  Step 8: Transfer distances

X+ F F
F 1 X1
+ 1
DY 2 DX
AF DA
ZF + +YF
+ +Y ,A
D
+Z 1 1 Y +X2
1
Y2 + DA
DZ True size of plane XYZ

+A2
DZ +Z2
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