Mark Scheme

Sample Assessment Material 2018

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

in Biology (4BI1) Paper 2B
 Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications
Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest
awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic,
vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further
information visit our qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or
www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details
on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus.

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help
everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of
learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been
involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries,
in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our
commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in
education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at:
www.pearson.com/uk

Sample Assessment Material 2018

All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2018

General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for
omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer
matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to
the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.

Subject specific marking guidance

Symbols, terms used in the mark scheme
 Round brackets ( ): words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of the
marking point but are not required to award the point
 Curly brackets { }: indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives
(separated by obliques), where necessary, to avoid confusion
 Oblique /: words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each
other and either answer should receive full credit.
 ecf: indicates error carried forward which means that a wrong answer given in an
early part of a question is used correctly to a later part of a question.

You will not see ‘owtte’ (or words to that effect). Alternative correct wording should be
credited in every answer unless the mark scheme has specified specific.

The Additional Guidance column is used for extra guidance to clarify any points in the
mark scheme. It may be used to indicate:
 what will not be accepted for that marking point in which case the phrase ‘do not
accept’ will be alongside the relevant marking point
 it might have examples of possible acceptable answers which will be adjacent to
that marking point
Question Answer Mark
Number
1(a) D UUAGGC 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(b) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following 3
points:

 need to select plants with desired characteristics (1)

 need to collect seeds and germinate (1)

 offspring plants need to grow and flower (1)

 need to select offspring with desired characteristics (1)

 the process needs to be repeated over many

generations (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(c) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 2

 increase growth / yield / quality (1)

 prevent pathogens causing disease / infection (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(d) An explanation that makes reference to four of the following 4
points:

 zygote divides by mitosis (1)

 body cells produced (1)

 all cells genetically identical (1)

 cells in testis/ovary divide by meiosis (1)

 changed DNA contained in gametes / sperm / eggs (1)

Question Answer Mark
Number
1(e) 1
 change in the sequence of bases in DNA

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(f) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:

 increased risk of disease / infection (1)

 lack of lymphocytes / phagocytes (1)

 lack of antibodies / phagocytosis (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(g) 1
 differentiate into any cell type

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(h) An answer that makes reference to the following points: 2

 contain altered / new genes (1)

 chosen by parents (1)

Total for Question 1 = 16 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
2(a) A a cell membrane 1

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
2(b) 2
 Proportion remaining = 80 % /
0.8 (1)

 Multiplication

300 000 000 x 0.8

= 240 000 000 (1) Award full marks for

correct numerical
answer without
working

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(c) An answer that makes reference to three of the following 3
points:

 prevents protein synthesis (1)

 prevents translation (1)

 mRNA cannot attach (1)

 tRNA cannot attach (1)

 kills bacteria / prevents bacteria reproducing (1)

Total for Question 2 = 6 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
3(a) An answer that makes reference to six of the following 6
points:

Three from:

 wood for building construction (1)

 wood for manufacture of paper / furniture (1)

 road construction (1)

 farming crops / cattle (1)

 grow other crops to produce useful products (1)

 economic benefit (1)

Three from:

 global warming / greenhouse effect (1)

 loss of trees increases carbon dioxide (1)

 cattle release methane (1)

 soil erosion (1)

 flooding (1)

 loss of species / extinction (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
3(b) Multiplication 2

 40 x 20,000 = 800 000 (1)

Multiplication

 800 000 x 5 = 4 000 000 Award full marks for

(1) correct numerical answer
without working

Total for Question 3 = 8 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
4(a) 1
 to move position of bubble (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(b) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:

 wind moves water molecules away from leaf (1)

 maintains concentration gradient (1)

 more diffusion (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(c) An answer that makes reference to one of the following 1
points:

 light intensity (1)

 temperature (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(d) An answer that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:

 trace outline on graph paper (1)

 count the squares (1)

 multiply by two (1)

Total for Question 4 = 6 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
5(a)(i) 1
Country Percentage of each blood group Zone
A B AB O
USA 41 10 4 45 O
Egypt 35 25 8 32 A
India 24 35 8 33 B
Indonesia 26 29 8 37 O
Japan 38 22 9 31 A
Mexico 11 4 1 84 O
Norway 49 8 4 39 A

Question Answer Mark

Number
5(a)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two the following points: 2

 no migration to and from countries (1)

 no interbreeding (1)

 different countries have different starting percentages

(1)

 selective advantage (in a specific country) (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
5(b)(i) An answer that includes the following points: 3

 parent genotypes IA IB and IO IO and

correct gamete genotypes IA or IB and IO (1)

 offspring genotypes (1)

 0.5 / 50% / ½ (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
5(b)(ii) 1
 0.25 / 25% / ¼

Total for Question 5 = 7 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
6(a)(i) A extracting the nucleus of a diploid body cell 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(a)(ii) B can be carried out at any time of year 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(b) A description that makes reference to four of the following 4
points:

 maintain water quality (1)

 aerating water (1)

 remove faeces (1)

 control quality of food / frequency of feeding (1)

 separate different species / sizes (1)

 use antibiotics / fungicide / biological control of

parasites (1)

 selective breeding (1)

 genetic modification (1)

 method to remove predators (1)

Total for Question 6 = 6 marks

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
7(a)(i) Multiplication

 6 × 25 = 150 (1)
2
Multiplication Award full marks for
correct numerical answer
 150 × 4.2 = 630 (1) without working

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
7(a)(ii) 1
 630 ÷ 0.1 / 630 × 10 Award full marks for
= 6300 J per g correct numerical answer
without working

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 2

 different samples have different masses (1)

 conversion to per g allows valid comparison (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(b) An answer that makes reference to six of the following 6
points:

 lid reduces heat loss / provides insulation (1)

 use of oxygen means complete combustion (1)

 using wire means no energy loss in transfer (1)

 surrounding with water means more energy

transferred to water (1)

 use of stirrer means even temperature of water (1)

 use of air means less heat loss /

provides insulation (1)

 metal container allows heat transfer to water (1)

 thermometer has a precise scale (1)

Total for Question 7 = 11 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
8(a) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 2

 removal of waste products (1)

 of metabolism / from cells (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(b) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following 3
points:

 glucose passes from blood into filtrate /

from glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule (1)

 reabsorbed back into blood (1)

 in proximal / first convoluted tubule (1)

 against concentration gradient / by active transport (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
8(c) An explanation that includes five of the 5
following points:

 increase in blood concentration (1)

 osmoreceptors / hypothalamus (1)

 pituitary gland secretes (more) ADH into

the blood (1)

 collecting duct (1)

 increase in permeability of wall (1)

 more water reabsorbed into blood (1)

 urine has less volume / more

concentrated (1)

 blood concentration decreases (1)

Total for Question 8 = 10 marks

Pearson Education Limited. Registered company number 872828
with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom