Chapter V

Development news and its coverage

Overall coverage of development news in the front page of the sample

dailies shows that a clear cut demarcation is observed between English and Telugu
newspapers. Priority of subcategoriesin Development differed from English to
Telugu dailies and variation is noticed inTelugu newspapers also. Industry/
Business (The Hindu, 33.40%; The Times of India, 39.18%) is ranked first in
English newspapers whereas Education in Andhra Jyothi(30.96%),and
Agriculture in Eenadu(32.20%) are leading in coverage in Telugu newspapers. In
Second rank, no uniformity is noticed and the subjects varied very widely.
Education(The Hindu and Eenadu), Health(The Times of India) and Agriculture
(Andhra Jyothi) are found in second places. Same is in case of third place whereas
Ecology (The Hindu), Education (The Times of India) are in third position and
uniformity is noticed in Telugu newspapers as Industry/ Business is in third place
(Table 32).

Chi square value for distribution of coverage of development news at various

geographical levels in the first pages of sample newspapers of 10 years is 568.62,
df=33 and P value is 0.00001<0.01 which is significant at 0.01 level.

Analysis of variance for the same distribution P value is 0.6010>0.05 which is not
significant.
Table 5.1
Distribution of coverage of development news at various geographical levels
in the first pages of sample newspapers of 10 years

M S Coef
ea D ficie
n nt of
Subject The The Times Andhra Vari
categories Hindu of India Jyothi Eenadu ance
f % R f % R f % R f % R
r r r r

4 9. 4 8 15. 2 6 10 4 5 5. 6 61. 15. 25.9

Health 5 45 6 24 5 .2 0 29 5 95 2718
6
1 21 2 14. 3 1 30 1 2 30 2
.2 36 .9 .0 16 81.
0 8 9 8 48.9
1 6 8 5.5 04
Education 1 1 6 4 6963

Human 2 5. 7 1.2 9 0. 1 0. 1 8.2 9.4 114.1

Rights 4 04 7 4 1 15 1 1 10 2 5 2 504

0 1 0.3 1 0. 9 0. 1 2.7 1.9 69.8

Literacy 0 1 2 5 1 4 63 5 52 0 5 2 286

1. 8 2.8 7 0. 1 0. 8 8.2 5.0 60.8

Transport 47 1 3 31 0 84 5 2 3291
Infra 7 6 2 8
9. 5 5.8 5 24 2 32 1 13 10
24 5 1 .6 3 .2 4.2 9.1 81.3
4 3 5 4 0 0 5 8 2901
Agriculture 4 3 6 4
33 1 39. 1 14 3 12 3 14
1 2 1 48.
.4 18 .6 .7 8.2 32.4
Industry/Bu 5 2 9 2 11
0 9 1 5 5275
siness 9 1 3 0
1. 9 0.3 1 4. 6 2. 7 13. 10. 73.8
Housing 26 5 1 2 26 2 11 75 16 7727
&Sand 6 2 7 0
1. 9 1.4 8 0 1 0. 1 4.2 3.0 71.3
Population 26 1 2 31 1 5 3 1974
Planning 6 8 0 3
0 1 1.0 1 1. 8 0. 9 5.2 3.2 62.2
National 1 6 0 42 63 5 7 6998
Integration 0 6 9 6
6. 6 5.8 5 9. 5 8. 4 50. 18. 36.8
3 93 3 5 5 32 7 15 5 62 7371
Energy 3 3 9 7
5 10 3 6 12. 4 2 3. 7 6 6. 5 51. 19. 36.7
Ecology 1 .7 9 23 1 31 6 99 75 02 4992
1
4 10 5 10 6 10 9 10 65 17
7 0 6 0 3 0 4 0 4.2 6.3 26.9
Total 6 4 3 4 5 0 4667
x 2
=568.62 df=33 P=0.00001<0.01 which is significant at 0.01 level.
 Table 5.2
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value Sig.
Between Groups 10360.4 3 3453.465 0.627619 0.601029 0.05
Within Groups 242109.6 44 5502.491
Total 252470 47
Analysis of variance of development news in the first pages of sample
newspapers of 10 years

The year wise analysis of the distribution of front page items under different subject
categories in Development by newspapers has been highly heterogeneous in nature.
During 2008 Industry /Business is in first place in English newspapers and is in
second place in Telugu dailies.Education as well as Agriculture are in the first places
in Telugu dailies. Health and Ecology are better placed than the others.

Table 7
Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development by
newspapers during 2008

The The Times of Andhra

Eenadu
Subject category Hindu India Jyothi
fr % fr % fr % fr %
10.9
Health 8 10 13.69 5 9.43 2 2.66
5
19.1
Education 14 8 10.95 15 28.30 6 8
7
Human Rights 0 0 0 0 1 1.88 0 0
Literacy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Transport Infra 0 0 2 2.73 0 0 1 1.33
41.3
Agriculture 6 8.21 7 9.58 5 9.43 31
3
41.0
Industry /Business 30 22 30.13 13 24.52 15 20
9
Housing &Sand 0 0 1 1.36 3 5.66 3 4
Population
2 2.73 1 1.36 0 0 0 0
Planning
National Integration 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Energy 7 9.58 4 5.47 5 9.43 6 8
14.6
Ecology 6 8.21 18 24.65 6 11.32 11
6
Total 100 73 100 53 100 75 100
Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development by
newspapers during 2009 shows that Health is in first place in The Hindu(34.04%) as
well as Andhra Jyothi (30.95%)whereas education topped inEenadu(36.76%)
whereasThe Times of India covered Industry /Business (47.54%) to a great extent.
Education followed by agriculture received priority in the coverage and Ecology has
lagged behind.

Table 7

Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development by

newspapers during 2009

The Times of Andhra

Subject The Hindu Eenadu
India Jyothi
category
fr % fr % fr % fr %
34.0 17.6
16 19 31.14 13 30.95 12
Health 4 4
27.6 36.7
13 5 8.19 10 23.80 25
Education 5 6
Human Rights 0 0 1 1.63 0 0 0 0

Literacy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Transport Infra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
30.8
3 6.38 2 3.27 10 23.80 21
Agriculture 8
27.6
13 29 47.54 2 4.76 1 1.47
Industry/Business 5

Housing &Sand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Population
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Planning
National
0 0 1 1.63 2 4.76 0 0
Integration
Energy 1 2.12 2 3.27 0 0 3 4.41
Ecology 1 2.12 2 3.27 5 11.90 6 8.82
Total 47 100 61 100 42 100 68 100

In 2010 Industry /Business in English newspapers and education and agriculture in

Telugu newspapers were leading in coverage. Compared to agriculture education is
better placed in priority. The remaining sub categories are far behind. Human Rights,
Transport Infra, Literacy, Housing &Sand as well as National Integration are virtually
missing in the coverage.

Table 7

Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development by

newspaper during2010

The The Times of Andhra

Subject Eenadu
Hindu India Jyothi
category
fr % fr % fr % fr %
Health 2 5.40 1 2.27 5 6.57 4 2.48
37.8
14 6 13.63 33 43.42 51 31.67
Education 3
Human Rights 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Literacy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transport Infra 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.62

1 2.70 2 4.54 16 21.05 61 37.88

Agriculture
43.2
16 20 45.45 14 18.42 12 7.45
Industry/Business 4

Housing &Sand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Population
1 2.70 2 4.54 0 0 2 1.24
Planning
National
0 0 3 6.81 0 0 0 0
Integration
Energy 2 5.40 5 11.36 7 9.21 12 7.45
Ecology 1 2.70 5 11.36 1 1.31 18 11.18
Total 37 100 44 100 76 100 161 100

Distribution of first page items under subject category Development by newspaper

during 2011 shows that Industry /Business The Hindu (38.88%), The Times of India
(24.13%) were leading and education is in first place in Telugu dailies Eenadu
(42.10%), Andhra Jyothi (28.76%). Interestingly Ecology in The Hindu (22.22%) and
Health (17.24%)in The Times of India are insecond places. In Telugu dailies
agriculture is also better placed than the others.
Table 7

Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development by

newspaper during 2011

The Times of
Subject The Hindu Andhra Jyothi Eenadu
category India
fr % fr % fr % fr %
Health 3 16.66 5 17.24 9 12.32 1 1.75
0 0 3 10.34 21 28.76 24 42.10
Education
Human Rights 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Literacy 0 0 2 6.89 0 0 0 0
Transport Infra 0 0 2 6.89 0 0 0 0
Agriculture 1 5.55 0 0 21 28.76 11 19.29
Industry/Business 7 38.88 7 24.13 15 20.54 13 22.80

Housing &Sand 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.75

Population
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Planning
National
0 0 1 3.44 0 0 0 0
Integration
Energy 3 16.66 4 13.79 7 9.58 5 8.77
Ecology 4 22.22 5 17.24 0 0 2 3.50
Total 18 100 29 100 73 100 57 100

Though in small size during 2012 education has topped the list in three dailies and
second place is occupied by various subjects such as Industry /Business,
Ecology,Agriculture etc. in Development. Energy is better placed than others with
almost equal weight age in all sample dailies.
Table 7

Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development by

newspaper during 2012

Subject The Hindu The Times of India Andhra Jyothi Eenadu

category fr % fr % fr % fr %
Health 4 12.12 2 4.34 2 2.70 2 2.32
Education 9 27.27 5 10.86 20 27.02 38 44.18
Human Rights 4 12.12 0 0 0 0 0 0

Literacy 0 0 0 0 2 2.70 1 1.16

Transport Infra 1 3.03 1 2.17 0 0 0 0

Agriculture 2 6.06 1 2.17 17 22.97 15 17.44
Industry/Business 6 18.18 25 54.34 11 14.86 19 22.09

Housing &Sand 0 0 0 0 5 6.75 1 1.16

Population
2 6.06 0 0 0 0 0 0
Planning
National
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Integration
Energy 3 9.09 5 10.86 11 14.86 8 9.30
Ecology 2 6.06 7 15.21 6 8.10 2 2.32
Total 33 100 46 100 74 100 86 100

During 2013 again Industry /Business topped the list in English newspapers whereas
education is better placed in Telugu dailies. But education is in second places in
English dailies. Agriculture, health and energy are given priority in Telugu dailies.
Agriculture has been highly neglected by all the sample newspapers. Like in earlier
years Human Rights, Transport Infra, Literacy, Housing &Sand as well as National
Integration are not found in the coverage.
Table 7

Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development by

newspaper during2013

The Times of Andhra

Subject The Hindu Eenadu
India Jyothi
category
fr % fr % fr % fr %
Health 3 11.53 8 14.81 5 13.15 4 5.33
7 26.92 7 12.96 14 36.84 25 33.33
Education
Human Rights 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Literacy 0 0 0 0 1 2.63 0 0

4 15.38 0 0 0 0 1 1.33
Transport Infra
0 0 4 7.40 1 2.63 11 14.66
Agriculture
Industry/Business 7 26.92 26 48.14 0 0 9 12

Housing &Sand 0 0 0 0 1 2.63 3 4

Population
0 0 1 1.85 0 0 0 0
Planning
National
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Integration
Energy 4 15.38 3 5.55 14 36.84 18 24
Ecology 1 3.84 5 9.25 2 5.26 4 5.33
Total 26 100 54 100 38 100 75 100

Distribution of first page items under subject category development by sample

newspapers during 2014 shows a definite pattern where Industry /Business and
Education are in the first two places. However in The Hindu both are very close in
coverage. In Telugu agriculture and education are competing with each other for the
first two places. Except in The Times of India Energy is better placed in the
development.
Table 7

Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development by

newspaper during 2014

The Times of
The Hindu Andhra Jyothi Eenadu
Subject category India
fr % fr % fr % fr %
Health 4 8.16 8 12.69 6 9.09 1 1.09
12 24.48 8 12.69 17 25.75 30 32.96
Education
Human Rights 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Literacy 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.09

Transport Infra 1 2.04 7 11.11 2 3.03 0 0

Agriculture 6 12.24 1 1.58 28 42.42 24 26.37
Industry/Busines
14 28.57 34 53.96 3 4.54 16 17.58
s
Housing &Sand 1 2.04 0 0 2 3.03 1 1.09
Population
1 2.04 1 1.58 0 0 0 0
Planning
National
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Integration
Energy 7 14.28 2 3.17 8 12.12 15 16.48
Ecology 3 6.12 2 3.17 0 0 3 3.29
Total 49 100 63 100 66 100 91 100

Distribution during 2015 shows that Industry /Business is in first places in The Hindu
and The Times of India whereasEducation and Agriculture are in first places in
Andhra jyothi and Eenadu. Except The Times of India education is covered very well
by the sample dailies. However Industry /Business is given importance in Telugu
newspapers also.
Table 7

Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development by

newspaper during 2015

The Times of
The Hindu Andhra Jyothi Eenadu
Subject category India
fr % fr % fr % fr %
Health 1 2.27 12 17.64 3 5 12 11.21
10 22.72 9 13.23 29 48.33 30 28.03
Education
Human Rights 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.93

Literacy 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.93
Transport Infra 0 0 0 0 1 1.66 1 0.93

Agriculture 2 4.54 2 2.94 14 23.33 31 28.97

Industry/Business 24 54.54 28 41.17 5 8.33 12 11.21

Housing &Sand 4 9.09 0 0 4 6.66 2 1.86

Population
0 0 1 1.47 0 0 1 0.93
Planning
National
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Integration
Energy 1 2.27 6 8.82 4 6.66 8 7.47
Ecology 2 4.54 10 14.70 0 0 8 7.47
Total 44 100 68 100 60 100 107 100

During 2016 education topped the list of subject categories in English dailies. But
agriculture received first place in Telugu newspapers. Ecology (20.27%) is given
priority by English newspapers followed by Industry /Business. Even health has been
relegated to the next place. Though not in first place,Education has received better
position in the volume of coverage in Andhrajyothi and Eenadu.

Table 7
Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development by
newspaper during2016

The Hindu The Times of India Andhra Jyothi Eenadu

Subject category
fr % fr % fr % fr %
Health 8 10.81 4 6.77 6 8.33 2 1.78
19 25.67 19 32.20 21 29.16 32 28.57
Education
Human Rights 1 1.35 0 0 0 0 0 0

Literacy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Transport Infra 1 1.35 2 3.38 0 0 4 3.57

7 9.45 8 13.55 22 30.55 38 33.92

Agriculture
Industry/Business 19 25.67 16 27.11 9 12.5 12 10.71

Housing &Sand 1 1.35 0 0 5 6.94 8 7.14

Population
0 0 2 3.38 0 0 0 0
Planning
National
0 0 0 0 7 9.72 6 5.35
Integration
Energy 3 4.05 1 1.69 2 2.77 2 1.78
Ecology 15 20.27 7 11.86 0 0 8 7.14
Total 74 100 59 100 72 100 112 100

Distribution of first page items under subject category Development by newspaper

during 2017 shows that different subject categories such as Industry /Business, Health
andAgriculture are noticed in first places.Though not in first place education also
received considerable coverage. Ecology in English newspapers and health in Telugu
newspapers received better coverage than others.

Table 7

Distribution of front page items under subject category of Development during

2017
 The Times of Andhra
Subject The Hindu Eenadu
India Jyothi
category
fr % fr % fr % fr %
Health 1 1.36 17 26.15 8 10.12 10 8.92

Education 15 20.54 15 23.07 19 24.05 23 20.53

Human Rights 0 0 2 3.07 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1.78
Literacy
Transport Infra 0 0 2 3.07 0 0 0 0

Agriculture 16 21.91 6 9.23 22 27.84 61 54.46

Industry/Business 23 31.50 12 18.46 21 26.58 11 9.82

Housing &Sand 0 0 1 1.53 7 8.86 1 0.89

Population 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Planning
National 0 0 1 1.53 0 0 0 0
Integration
Energy 2 2.73 1 1.53 1 1.26 0 0

Ecology 16 21.91 8 12.30 1 1.26 4 3.57

11
73 100 65 100 79 100 100
Total 2

Geographic categories

The present study analyzed news coverage of development in relation to the

geographical categories such as local, state, national and foreign levels. The purpose
of this analysis is to know the significance assigned by the sample dailies to these
twelve themes by region. With regard to the geographical categories andtheir
priorities the news paper wise analysis shows that in all the newspapers Development
news at local level are very less compared to the other three categories i.e. state,
national and foreign. In both the English news papersi.e.The Hindu and The Times of
India national coverage is more compared to state, foreign and local levels. In Telugu
news papersi.e. in Andhra Jyothiand Eenadustate level coverage is very voluminous
compared to the others.In the other categories national is given much priority whereas
foreign and local are highly insignificant in number (Table 33).
 Chi square value for development news at various geographical levels in the first
pages of sample newspapers of 10 years is 720.36, df=9 and P value is 0.00001<0.01
which is significant at 0.01 level.

Significant Co efficient Correlation is noticed between Andhra Jyothi and Eenadu

(0.999848) is noticed and also between The Hindu and The Times of India (0.980912)
and no significant correlation among others in case of first page items when local,
state, national and foreign categories are noticed.

Table 33

Distribution of coverage of development news at various geographical levels in

the front pages of sample newspapers of 10 years

The Times Andhra Mean SD

The Hindu of India Jyothi Eenadu
fr % fr % fr % fr %
Local 6 1.26 7 1.24 2 0.31 14 1.48 7.25 4.32
State 175 36.7 170 30.14 532 84.04 789 83.58
260.38
6 416.5
National 252 52.9 328 58.15 91 14.37 131 13.87
94.51
4 200.5
Foreign 43 9.03 59 10.46 8 1.26 10 1.05 30 21.76
Total 476 100 564 100 633 100 944 100 654.25 176.30
x 2=720.36df=9 P=0.00001<0.01 which is significant at 0.01 level.
Table 33

Coefficient of Correlation of first page items under various geographical levels

The The Times of Andhra

Hindu India Jyothi Eenadu
The Hindu
The Times of 0.980912
India
0.473262 0.293098
Andhra Jyothi
0.462431 0.281269 0.999848
Eenadu
 800

700

600

500
The Hindu
400 The Times of India
Andhra Jyothi
300 Eenadu

200

100

0
Local State National Foreign

Table 35

Distribution of coverage of development news at various geographical levels in

the first pages of sample newspapers of 10 years

Subject The Times of Andhra

categories The Hindu India Jyothi Eenadu In case
L S N F L S N F L S N F L S N F of
1 1
Health 0 13 26 6 1 31 44 1 48 4 0 40 10 0
0 2
18 1 25
Education 2 44 49 6 2 27 46 6 1 2 3 23 1
2 1 7
Human Rights 0 15 5 4 0 4 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Literacy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 4 1 0
Transport Infra 0 3 4 0 0 7 8 1 0 2 0 0 0 8 0 0
14 1 26
Agriculture 4 17 23 0 1 11 15 6 0 7 0 23 5
9 0 6
Industry 1 16 1 2
0 43 97 0 38 0 68 1 0 87 31 2
/Business 9 6 7 4
Housing &Sand 0 0 5 1 0 1 1 0 0 22 5 0 0 18 2 0
Population
0 1 5 0 2 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0
Planing
National
0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 9 0 0 0 6 0
Integration
1
Energy 0 16 13 4 0 11 18 4 0 40 1 1 51 25 0
8
1
Ecology 0 23 25 3 1 38 20 0 17 4 0 0 57 8 1
0
17 25 4 17 32 5 53 9 1 78 13 1
Total 6 7 2 8
5 2 3 0 8 9 2 1 4 9 1 0
GT 476 564 633 944
development news at various geographical levels category, significant correlation
between the Andhra Jyothi and Eenadu (0.9999) followed by The Hindu and The
Times of India (0.9809), The Hindu and Andhra jyothi(0.4732), The Hindu is noticed
and Eenadu(0.4624) and no significance is found among others.

Table 40
Coefficient of Correlation of first page items under geographical categories local,
state, national and foreign levels

The The Times of Andhra

Hindu India Jyothi Eenadu
The Hindu
The Times of 0.980912
India
0.473262 0.293098
Andhra Jyothi
0.462431 0.281269 0.999848
Eenadu

When only The Hinduis analyzed in local category other than Agriculture (66.66%),
Education (33.33%) no other subcategory is noticed In the state level Education
(25.1%),Industry/Business(24.6%),Ecology(13.1%),Agriculture(9.71%),
Energy(9.14%),Human Rights(8.57%), Health(7.42%), Transport Infra (1.71%) are
observed. At National as well as foreign levels Industry/Business, Education and
Health are in the first three places. Compared to national level in foreign level very
few news are covered. At national level more categories such as Ecology (9.92%),
Agriculture(9.12%), Energy (5.16%), Human Rights, Housing &Sand, Population
Planning with (1.98%), TransportInfra (1.58%) are noticed and at foreign level
Human Rights and Energy with 9.3% followed by Ecology (6.97%), Housing
&Sand(2.32%) are noticed but are very less in number (Table 34).
 Table 37
Frequency distribution of coverage of development in The Hindu for all the 10
years

Subject categories L % S % N % F %
Health 0 0 13 7.42 26 10.3 6 13.95
Education 2 33.3 44 25.1 49 19.4 6 13.95
Human Rights 0 0 15 8.57 5 1.98 4 9.3
Literacy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Transport Infra 0 0 3 1.71 4 1.58 0 0
Agriculture 4 66.7 17 9.71 23 9.12 0 0
Industry /Business 0 0 43 24.6 97 38.5 19 44.18
Housing &Sand 0 0 0 0 5 1.98 1 2.32
Population Planning 0 0 1 0.57 5 1.98 0 0
National Integration 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Energy 0 0 16 9.14 13 5.16 4 9.3
Ecology 0 0 23 13.1 25 9.92 3 6.97
Total 6 100 175 100 252 100 43 100

In The Times of India also except at local level Industry/Business is leading at all the
other three levels and the next most common category is Health which is in third
place. Second place is occupied by varied sub categories such as Population Planning,
Ecology, Education and Health. At local level Education and Population Planning
with (28.57%) are in first place whereas Health, Agriculture, Ecology (14.28%) have
figured at a minimal level in the coverage. The nationalcoverage is very strong
followed by state and foreign level in frequency. At state levelEducation(15.9%)is in
fourth place followed by Agriculture and Energy(6.47%), Transport Infra(4.11%),
Human Rights(2.3%), Population Planning(1.17%), Housing
&Sand(0.58%).AtNational levelEcology(6.09%) is in fourth place followed by
Energy (5.48%), Agriculture (4.57%)and Transport infra (2.43%) are noticed. At
Foreign levelEducation (10.2%) and Energy (6.77%) are in fourth and fifth places. At
national and foreign levels Literacy, Population Planning, National Integration,
Human Rights, Transport Infra, Housing &Sand are very meager in the coverage
(Table 38).

Table 38
 Frequency distribution of coverage of development in The Times of India for all
the 10 years

Subject L % S % N % F %
categories
Health 1 14.28 31 18.2 44 13.41 10 16.9
Education 2 28.57 27 15.9 46 14.02 6 10.2
Human Rights 0 0 4 2.35 2 0.6 1 1.69
Literacy 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3.38
Transport Infra 0 0 7 4.11 8 2.43 1 1.69
Agriculture 1 14.28 11 6.47 15 4.57 6 10.2
Industry /Business 0 0 38 22.4 166 50.6 17 28.8
Housing &Sand 0 0 1 0.58 1 0.3 0 0
Population 2 28.57 2 1.17 3 0.91 1 1.69
Planning
NationalIntegratio 0 0 0 0 5 1.52 1 1.69
n
Energy 0 0 11 6.47 18 5.48 4 6.77
Ecology 1 14.28 38 22.4 20 6.09 10 16.9
Total 7 100 170 100 328 100 59 100

In Andhra Jyothi at local level only Education (50%), Health(50%) are noticedbut
state coverage is highest among all with Education (34.21%),Agriculture(28%),
Industry/Business(12.78%),Health(9.02%), Energy(7.51%), Housing &Sand(4.13%),
Ecology(3.19%) in priority. Even Literacy(1.09%), Transport Infra, Human
Rightsare noticed whereas at nationallevel also Industry/Business(26.37%) is leading
followed by Energy(19.78%),Health(13.18%),Education (12.08%), Housing
&Sand(5.49%), National Integration(9.89%). At Foreign level again Health (50%),
Education (25%), Industry/Business and Energy with (12.5%)each are observed
(Table 39).

Table 39
Frequency distribution of coverage of development in Andhra Jyothi for all the
10 years
Subject categories Andhra Jyothi
L % S % N % F %
Health 1 50 48 9.02 12 13.18 4 50
Education 1 50 182 34.21 11 12.08 2 25
Human Rights 0 0 1 0.18 0 0 0 0
Literacy 0 0 3 0.56 1 1.09 0 0
Transport Infra 0 0 2 0.37 0 0 0 0
Agriculture 0 0 149 28 7 7.69 0 0
Industry /Business 0 0 68 12.78 24 26.37 1 12.5
Housing &Sand 0 0 22 4.13 5 5.49 0 0
Population 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Planning
NationalIntegratio 0 0 0 0 9 9.89 0 0
n
Energy 0 0 40 7.51 18 19.78 1 12.5
Ecology 0 0 17 3.19 4 4.39 0 0
Total 2 100 532 100 91 100 8 100

In Eenadu also more or less the same status of Andhra Jyothis noticed where except
Agriculture (71.40%), Education (21.4%)and Energy(7.14%)no other category is
observed at local level. State coverage has topped the list with 470 items among
which Agriculture(33.71%), Education (32.57%), Industry/Business(11.02%) are in
the first three positions followed by Ecology(7.22%), Energy(6.46%), Health(5.06%),
Housing &Sand(2.28%), Transport Infra(1.01%), Literacy(0.5%), Population
Planning(0.12%) whereasNational Integration and Human Rights did not at all figure
in the coverage. At National level also Industry/Business(23.7%), Energy(19.1%),
Education (17.6%)are leading the order followed by Agriculture(17.6%),
Health(7.63%), Ecology(6.1%), National Integration(4.58%), Housing &Sand and
Population Planning with 1.52% each are noticed. In Eenadu foreign coverage is very
less and though many categories have been noticedthey is highly insignificant.
Agriculture(50%), Industry/Business(20%), Education (10%), Human Rights(10%),
and Ecology(10%) figured in the coverage (Table 40).

Table 40
Frequency distribution of coverage of development in Eenadu for all the 10 years
Subject L % S % N % F %
categories
Health 0 0 40 5.06 10 7.63 0 0
Education 3 21.4 257 32.57 23 17.6 1 10
Human Rights 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10
Literacy 0 0 4 0.5 1 0.76 0 0
Transport Infra 0 0 8 1.01 0 0 0 0
Agriculture 10 71.4 266 33.71 23 17.6 5 50
Industry /Business 0 0 87 11.02 31 23.7 2 20
Housing &Sand 0 0 18 2.28 2 1.52 0 0
Population 0 0 1 0.12 2 1.52 0 0
Planning
National 0 0 0 0 6 4.58 0 0
Integration
Energy 1 7.14 51 6.46 25 19.1 0 0
Ecology 0 0 57 7.22 8 6.1 1 10
Total 14 100 789 100 131 100 10 100

Local

Frequency distribution of coverage of Development atlocal level for all the 10 years
shows that except in the newspapers hardly twoor three categories of local news are
noticed. Agricultural and Education are the two categories which have been repeated
in majority of sample newspapers. In The HinduAgriculture (66.66%) is covered to a
greater extentfollowed by Education (33.33%) whereas in The Times of India
Education (28.57%), Population Planning(28.57%) are in first place followed by
Health(14.28%), Agriculture(14.28%), Ecology(14.28%.). Andhra jyothi covered
Education (50%), Health (50%) equally and in Eenadu Agriculture(71.42%) is leading
the coverage which is to a great extent followed by Education (21.42%) and
Energy(7.14%).

However in the state level coverage, Telugu news papers are dominating the English
dailies which are far behind in their coverage of Development issues. In Telugunews
papers also Eenadu is far ahead in its coverage compared to Andhra Jyothi. Frequency
distribution of coverage of Development at state level for all the 10 years shows that
Eenadu published more number of items followed by Andhra jyothi, The Hindu and
The Times of India. Both the English news papers are far behind the Telugu
 newspapers in the coverage.With regard to top priority there is no uniformity of
coverage of subjects.The Hindu gave first priorityto Education whereas in The Times
of India two different topics which contradict each other i.e. Industry/Business and
Ecology are in lead. In Telugu news papers also Education was given priority by
Andhra Jyothi whereas Eenadu gave importance to Agriculture. On the same lines, the
dailies gave second priority to an all together different subjects i.e. Industry/Business
(The Hindu), Health (The Times of India), Agriculture (Andhra Jyothi), Education
(Eenadu). Ecology received third priority in The Hindu, Education in The Times of
India and Industry/Business in Telugu news papers.

In The Hindu, among other subject categories Agriculture, Energy, Human Rights,
Health, Transport Infra, Population Planning were given priority in descending order.
In The Times of India Agriculture and Energy stood in fourth place followed by
Transport Infra. Interestingly both the English newspapers gave second place to
Ecology a sensitive subject in Development.In both the Telugu newspapers
Agriculture and Education subjects are in the first two places. In Andhra JyothiHealth
stood in fourth place followed byEnergy, Housing &Sand andEcology. In the above
three dailies Literacy, Transport Infra, Human Rights, Population Planning, National
Integration did not at all figure in the coverage whereas Eenadu gave more
importance to almost all subject categories such as Ecology as well as Energy. Even
subjects like Housing, Transport, Literacyand Health are better covered than the rest
of the papers(Table 42).

Table 42
Frequency distribution of coverage of development at State for all the 10 years

Subject The Times of Andhra

categories The Hindu India Jyothi Eenadu
fr % R fr % R fr % R fr % R
Health 13 7.42 7 31 7.42 7 48 9.02 4 40 5.06 6
Education 25.1 1 25.1 1 18 34.2 1 25 32.5 2
44 27
4 4 2 1 7 7
Human Rights 6 6 1 1
15 4 1 0
8.57 8.57 0.18 0 0 1
Literacy 0 0 0 0 3 0.56 8 4 0.50 9
Transport Infra 3 8 7 8 2 9 8 8
1.71 1.71 0.37 1.01
Agriculture 4 4 14 28.0 2 26 33.7 1
17 11
9.71 9.71 9 0 6 1
Industry /Business 24.5 2 24.5 2 12.7 3 11.0 3
43 38 68 87
7 7 8 2
Housing &Sand 0 0 1 0 22 4.13 6 18 2.28 7
Population 1 1
1 2 0 1
Planning 0.57 0.57 0 1 0.12 0
NationalIntegration 1 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 1
Energy 16 9.14 5 11 9.14 5 40 7.51 5 51 6.46 5
Ecology 13.1 3 13.1 3 7 4
23 38 17 57
4 4 3.19 7.22
Total 17 17 53 78
5 100 0 100 2 100 9 100

Figure 10
Frequency distribution of coverage of Development atstate level for all the 10 years

300

250

200

150
TH
100 TOI
AJ
50 E

0
re

g
th

on

gy

y
on
y

fra
ts

ss

og
in
ac

an
gh

tu

er
ne
al

ati

ati
In

an
er

ol
&S
He

ul

En
Ri

si
uc

gr
Li t

rt

Ec
Pl
ri c

Bu
an

nte
po

ng
Ed

n
Ag

y/
m

ns

tio

lI
i
us
Hu

str

na
Tra

la
Ho

pu

tio
du

Po

Na
In

Frequency distribution of coverage of Development at national level for all the 10

years shows that English news papers gave more coverage compared to Telugu News
papers. In fact Telugu news papers are far behind English dailies in the national news
coverage. In English news papers also The Times of India is in the first place followed
by The Hindu. In Telugu Newspapers, Eenadu is in the first place compared to
Andhra Jyothi. In all the dailies Industry/Business stood in the first place. With regard
to second place in the English newspapers Education was given second place where
as in Telugu newspapers Energy was given second priority. Except Eenadu the
remaining three papers gave third place to Health.

In The Hindu Ecology stood in fourth place followed by Agriculture, Energy, Human
Rights, Housing &Sand, Population Planning, and Transport Infra. Whereas in The
Times of India also Ecology stood in fourth place followed by Energy, Agriculture,
Transport Infra, National Integration, Population Planning, Human Rights, Housing
&Sand and Literacy did not at all figure in the coverage. In Andhra Jyothi Education
is in fourth place followed by National Integration, Agriculture, Housing, Ecology,
and Literacy. In Eenadu Health is in fourth place followed by Ecology, National
Integration, Housing &Sand, Population Planning,and Literacy. Human Rights and
Transport infra are missing in both the Telugu newspapers (Table 43).

Table 43
Frequency distribution of coverage of development at national level for the 10 years
Subject The Times of Andhra
categories The Hindu India Jyothi Eenadu Figure
fr % R fr % R fr % R fr % R 11

10.3 3 13.4 3 1 13.1 3 4

Health 26 44 10
1 1 2 8 7.63
19.4 14.0 2 1 12.0 4 17.5 3
Education 49 46 23
4 2 2 1 8 5
10
Human Rights 5 2 0 0
1.98 7 0.60 0 0
Literacy 0 0 0 0 1 1.09 9 1 0.76 8
7
Transport Infra 4 8 0 0
1.58 8 2.43 0 0
6 6 17.5 3
Agriculture 23 15 7 23
9.12 5 4.57 7.69 5
Industry 38.4 16 50.6 1 2 26.3 1 23.6 1
97 31
/Business 9 1 6 0 4 7 6
11 7 7
Housing &Sand 5 1 5 2
1.98 7 0.30 5.49 1.52
Population 9 7
5 3 0 2
Planning 1.98 7 0.91 0 1.52
National 8 5 6
0 5 9 6
Integration 0 1.52 9.89 4.58
5 1 19.7 2 19.0 2
Energy 13 18 25
5.15 6 5.48 8 8 8
4 8 5
Ecology 25 20 4 8
9.92 4 6.09 4.39 6.10
25 32 9 13
Total
2 100 8 100 1 100 1 100
Frequency distribution of coverage of Development atnational level for all the 10 years
 180

160

140

120

100

80
TH
60 TOI
AJ
40 E
20

0
th
tio
n ts ac
y ra re es
s
an
d
in
g
tio
n gy gy
al a i gh r I nf l tu n S n a er lo
He uc R Li t
e rt ic
u s i & Pl
a gr En
Ec
o
Ed an s po gr /Bu i ng n I nte
m A o
Hu
n try us ati al
Tra us Ho ul on
d p ti
In Po Na

Frequency distribution of coverage of Development at foreign level for all the 10

years shows that compared toTelugu newspapers English news papers published more
Development news that have come from foreign countries. Among the two English
news papersThe Times of Indiagave more news in maximum number of categories.
Except housing all categories of news were published whereas in The Hindu only half
of the subject categories have appeared. In Telugu news papers hardly four to five
categories are noticed in the front page. In English newspapers Industry/Business
topped the list whereas in Telugu newspapers Health and Agriculture received more
coverge In English newspapers (The Hindu, 44.18% and The Times of India, 28.8%)
first priority was given to Industries/Business. In case of Telugu news papers Andhra
jyothi gave top priority to Health (50%) where as Eenadu’s 50% coverage is in
agriculture. In Telugu newspapers Eenadu gave more coverage than the Andhra
Jyothi.

In The Hindu Industry/Business is followed by Education and Health(13.95%)

andHuman Rights, Energyare noticed to the extent of 9.3% each. In The Times of
India Industry/Business is followed by Health as well as Ecology(16.94%),
Agriculture(10.16%), Education, Energy, Literacy. In Andhra Jyothi only
Health(50%), Education (25%), Industry/Business(12.5%), Energy and in Eenadu
 also Agriculture(50%), Industry/Business(20%), Education (10%), Human
Rights(10%), Ecology(10%) have only appeared in foreign news category (Table 44).

Table 44
Frequency distribution of coverage of development at foreign for all the 10 years

Subject
Categorie The Times of
s The Hindu India Andhra Jyothi Eenadu
fr % R fr % R fr % R fr % R
13.9 2 16.9 2 1
Health 6 10 4 0
5 4 50 0

13.9 2 10.1 3 2 3
Education 6 6 2 1
5 6 25 10
Human 4 9.30 3 1 1.69 6 0 0 1 10 3
Rights
Literacy 0 0 2 3.38 5 0 0 0 0

Transport 0 0 1 1.69 6 0 0 0 0
Infra
Agriculture 0 0 6 10.16 3 0 0 5 50 1

44.1 1 28.8 1 3 2
Industry / 19 17 1 2
Business 8 1 12.5 20

Housing 1 2.32 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
&Sand
Population 0 1 1.69 6 0 0 0 0
0
Planning
National 6
Integratio 0 1 0 0
0 1.69 0 0
n
Energy 4 9.30 3 4 6.77 4 1 12.5 3 0 0
Ecology 3 6.97 4 10 16.94 2 0 0 1 10 3

Total 43 100 59 100 8 100 10 100

Figure:
Frequency distribution of coverage of Development atforeign level for all the 10
years
 20
18
16
14
12
10
8 TH
6 TOI
4 AJ
2 E
0
th n ts ac
y ra re es
s d
in
g n rg
y
og
y
al atio i gh r I nf l tu n San n atio e l
He uc R Li t
e
or
t u s i
g& nP
la r En
Ec
o
Ed an p g ri c /Bu n nteg
m ns A y s i o l I
Hu ti
Tra ustr H ou ula ona
d p ti
In Po Na

When the sample news paperscoverage of developmental news under the Favourable,
Unfavourable, Neutral categories are analyzed in all the sample newspapers more than
half of the coverage fall under Unfovourable category and only one third are
Favourble and the remaining are neutral in interpretation. When the category of
Favourble were studied they constituted (36.66%) in Eenadu, (35.50%) in The
Hindu(31.27%) in Andhra Jyothi, and in The Times of India (30.14%) is in last place.
In case of Unfavourable items Andhra Jyothi(53.55%) is in first place followed by
The Times of India (52.30%). Eenadu (51.16%) and The Hindu( 48.52%) whereas in
Neutral category the English newspapers are ahead of Telugu news papersand The
Times of India(17.55%) is in first place followed by The Hindu(15.96%), Andhra
Jyothi(15.16%) and Eenadu(12.60%) (Table45).
C hi square value is 973.7 df=121 P=0.00001<0.01 which is significant at 0.01
level.

Table 45

Distribution of directional analysis of first page items under development

category for 10 years
The Times of
The Hindu India Andhra Jyothi Eenadu
fr % fr % fr % fr %
Favourable 169 35.5 170 30.14 198 31.27 342 36.22
0
 231 48.5 295 52.30 339 53.55 483 51.16
Un favourable
2
Neutral 76 15.9 99 17.55 96 15.16 119 12.60
6
Total 476 100 564 100 633 100 944 100
Co efficient of correlation of first page items under directional analysis for 10 years is
highly significant between The Hindu and Eenadu (0.99) followed by The Times of
Indiaand Andhra jyothi (0.99), The Hindu and Andhra Jyothi (0.97).

Table 45

Coefficient of Correlation of directional analysis of first page items under subject

category of development
The The Times of Andhra
Hindu India Jyothi Eenadu
The Hindu
The Times of 0.963046
India
0.978578 0.997866
Andhra Jyothi
0.999897 0.959075 0.975518
Eenadu

Coefficient of imbalance of first page items under directional analysis of

Development category wise like Favourabe/Unfavourable/Neutral for 10 years is
negative. Co efficient of imbalance noticed with regard to The Hindu is -0.06
followed by the Eenadu is -0.08, and in case of The Times of India and Andhra Jyothi
is -0.12.

Table 45

Coefficient of imbalance of first page items under development category wise like
F/UF/N for 10 years

Coefficient of
n f UF Ne imbalance
169
The Hindu 476 231 76 -0.06
The Times of 564 170
India 295 99 -0.12
342
944 483
Andhra Jyothi 119 -0.12
 633 198 339 96
Eenadu -0.08

Figure

Distribution of first page items under development as per favourable,

unfavoruable and neutral categories for 10 years

500

450

400

350

300
The Hindu
250 The Times of India
Andhra Jyothi
200 Eenadu

150

100

50

0
Favourable Un favourable Neutral

In case of subjectwise coefficient of imbalances withregard to The Hindu News paper

negative imbalance in case of human rights (-0.64), followed by Energy and Health (-
0.34) is noticed and all others have minimal negative imbalances. With regard to The
Times of India, Human rights noticed highly negative imbalance (-1.00), followed by
Health (-0.35), Population planning (-0.31) and all other items have negative
imbalance except Transport infra only with positive imbalance (0.03). With regard to
Andhra Jyothi, both Agriculture and Transport Infra have negative imbalance (-0.44),
followed by Energy (-0.42) and all others with negative imbalance. With regard to
Eenadu, only health negative imbalance (-0.31) and all others with minor negative
imbalance except Transport infra imbalance (0.09) are noticed.
Table 38
Theme-wise coefficients of imbalance of development news items in the sample
dailies

D A I L I E S
Subjectcategories
The Hindu The Times of India Andhra Jyothi Eenadu
Health -0.34 -0.35 -0.19 -0.31
Education -0.02 -0.09 -0.13 -0.01
Human Rights -0.64 -1.00 0.00 0.00
Literacy - 0.00 -0.22 -0.12
Transport Infra 0.00 0.03 -0.44 0.09
Agriculture 0.08 -0.23 -0.44 -0.15
Industry /Business -0.01 -0.08 -0.14 -0.08
Housing &Sand -0.22 0.00 -0.02 0.00
Population Planning 0.00 -0.31 - 0.00
National Integration - -0.17 0.00 0.00
Energy -0.34 -0.14 -0.42 -0.16
Ecology -0.18 -0.14 -0.18 -0.04
Table 42

Distribution of first page items under development category as per direction of analysis

The Times of Mean SD

Subject The Hindu India Andhra Jyothi Eenadu
categories F UF N F UF N F UF N F UF N F UF N F UF N
41.2
Health 9 34 7 15 59 12 17 37 8 13 35 2 13.5 5 7.25 2.96 10.30 3.56

Education 37 44 34 19 37 29 45 97 57 98 106 80 49.75 71 50 29.41 30.77 20.29

Human 0 4 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.25 1.75 0.5 0.43 1.79 0.50

Rights
Literacy 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 2 3 0 1.25 1.25 0 0.83 1.30 0.00
Transport
Infra 3 3 1 13 1 7 0 2 1 7 1 0 5.75 1.75 2.25 4.87 0.83 2.77
72.2
Agriculture 25 15 4 8 18 2 63 77 16 104 179 21 50 5 10.75 36.99 66.41 7.98

Industry / 70 73 16 77 112 32 35 56 2 50 67 2 58 77 13 16.57 21.11 12.37

Business
Housing 2 4 0 2 0 0 10 11 6 14 14 2 7 7.25 2 5.20 5.54 2.45
&Sand
Population 0 0 6 1 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.25 1.25 2.75 0.43 2.17 2.17
Planning
National 0 0 0 1 3 2 9 0 0 6 6 0 4 2.25 0.5 3.67 2.49 0.87
Integration
Energy 7 23 3 11 19 3 11 44 4 27 48 5 14 33.5 3.75 7.68 12.66 0.83
Ecology 16 31 4 21 38 10 7 13 1 20 24 4 16 26.5 4.75 5.52 9.23 3.27
Total 219.7
169 231 76 170 295 99 198 339 96 342 483 119 5 337 97.5 71.53 92.63 15.24

% 51.3
35.50 48.52 15.96 30.14 52.30 17.55 31.27 53.55 15.16 36.22 51.16 12.60 33.28 8 15.31 2.62 1.86 1.79
GT 476 564 633 944
x 2
=973.7df=121 P=0.00001<0.01 which is significant at 0.01 level.
 With regard to favourable category while prioritizing various sub categories under
Development in English news papers Industry /Business is in first place and Telugu
newspapers gave first place to agriculture. Whereas exceptThe Times of India all
thenewspapers gave second priority to Health. Third priority differed from Telugu to
English newspapers. In the Telugu newspapers Industry/Business ranked third
whereas Agriculture (The Hindu) and Education (The Times of India) are in third
place.Human Rights, Literacy, Population Planning, National Integration, and also
Transport Infra did not receive coverage in sample newspapers. In The Hindu Ecology
is in fourth place followed by Health, Energy, Transport Infra, Housing & sand
whereas in The Times of India Health is ranked fourth followed by Transport, Energy,
Agriculture, Literacy. In Andhra Jyothi also Health is ranked fourth followed by
Energy, Housing, National Integration, Ecology and Literacy whereas in
EenaduEnergy ranked fourth followed by Ecology, Housing, Health, Transport, Infra,
and National Integration and the rest of the sub categories are of very minimal
coverage (Table 43).
Table 43
Distribution of first page items under Favorable development category 10 years

The Times Andhra

The Hindu of India Jyothi Eenadu
Subject % R % R
categories fr % R fr % R fr fr
Health 9 5.32 5 15 8.82 4 17 8.58 4 13 3.8 7
21.8 11.1 22.7 28.6
Education 37 9 2 19 7 3 45 2 2 98 5 2

Human Rights 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.29 11

Literacy 0 0 2 1.17 7 1 0.5 9 2 0.58 10
Transport, Infra 3 1.77 7 13 7.64 5 0 0 7 2.04 8
14.7 31.8
Agriculture 25 9 3 8 4.7 6 63 1 1 104 30.4 1
41.4 45.2 17.6 14.6
Industry /Business 70 2 1 77 9 1 35 7 3 50 1 3
Housing &Sand 2 1.18 8 2 1.17 7 10 5.05 6 14 4.09 6
Population
Planning 0 0 1 0.58 8 0 0 0 0
National
Integration 0 0 1 0.58 8 9 4.54 7 6 1.75 9
Energy 7 4.14 6 11 6.47 5 11 5.55 5 27 7.89 4
 12.3
Ecology 16 9.46 4 21 5 2 7 3.53 8 20 5.84 5
Total 169 100 170 100 198 100 342 100

The Hindu Hyderabad, January 6, 2013,: Brace for higher power tariff
The Hindu Chennai June 21, 2017 Brace for a 6% power tariff hike next year
Accumulated losses of Rs. 25,000 crore need to be paid for

Domestic consumers of electricity may be disappointed if they think that the good
news about the financial turnaround of the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution
Corporation (Tangedco) would mean there will not be a tariff hike soon. Consumers
in the State may well have to face a 6% hike in 2018-19, as per the tripartite
agreement signed by the State government, Tangedco, and the Union government in
January for the Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY).

Explaining the reasons for this plan, Tangedco officials say the utility has
accumulated losses to the extent of nearly 25,000 crore over the years and the losses
have been declared by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Regulatory Commission (TNERC)
as regulatory assets. In other words, the losses have to be recovered from consumers.
The surplus of 2,000 crore this year will be set off against these losses, which means
that it will take another 10 years of such yearly surpluses to wipe off the accumulated
losses. Therefore a hike appears to be a necessity next year.

Officials, however, say consumers can take comfort from the fact that past hikes have
been steep. For instance, in 2014-15, when the last hike in tariff was effected, its rate
was 15%. In future, the increase is not expected to be that severe.

A perusal of the data regarding the average cost of supply of power (ACS) and the
average rate of return (ARR) of the Tangedco in the last few years reveals that while
the power utility has been able to bring down the ACS, it has also managed to show a
rise in the ARR. Among the factors that have contributed to the increase in the ARR
are accurate measurements of electricity consumption following the installation of
static meters for domestic consumers. Higher generation by Tangedco’s plants has
helped to bring down cost of power purchased and facilitated the fall in the ACS.
 Just on the lines of favourable category here also among various sub categories under
development in English news papers Industry/Business is in first place. In Telugu
newspapers Eenadu gave first place to Agriculture and Andhra jyothi ranked
Education first. Education (The Hindu, Eenadu), Health (The Times of India),
Agriculture (Andhra Jyothi) were given second place. Third priority differed from
Telugu to English newspapers. In the Telugu newspapers Industry/Business andHealth
(The Hindu) and Ecology (The Times of India) are in third place.Human Rights,
Literacy, Population Planning, National Integration, Housing & sand are not found in
this category of development in sample newspapers.In The HinduEcology is found in
fourth place followed by Energy, Agriculture, as well as Human Rights and housing
and Education is observed in fourth place in The Times of IndiaandEnergy,
agriculture, Population Planning, National Integration are in descending order.In
Andhra jyothiEnergy is in fourth place followed by Ecology, Health, Housing& Sand,
Literacy, Transport infra whereas in Eenadualso Energy is in fourth place (Table 44).
Table 44

Distribution of first page items under Unfavorable development category 10

years

The Times of
The Hindu India Andhra Jyothi Eenadu
Subject % R fr % % %
categories fr R fr R fr R
14.7 10.9
Health 34 1 3 59 20 2 37 1 5 35 7.24 5

19.0 12.5 28.6 10 21.9

Education 44 4 2 37 4 4 97 1 1 6 4 2

Human
Rights 4 1.73 7 3 1.01 8 0 0 0 0

Literacy 0 0 0 0 2 0.58 8 3 0.62 9

Transport
Infra 3 1.29 9 1 0.33 10 2 0.58 8 1 0.2 10

22.7 17 37.0
15 6.49 6 18 6.1 6 77 1 2 9 6 1
Agriculture
11 37.9 16.5 13.8
Industry 73 31.6 1 2 6 1 56 1 3 67 7 3
/Business
Housing 4 1.73 7 0 0 11 3.24 7 14 2.89 7
&Sand
Population 0 0 5 1.69 7 0 0 0 0
Planning
National 0 0 3 1.01 8 0 0 6 1.24 8
Integration
12.9
23 9.95 5 19 6.44 5 44 7 4 48 9.93 4
Energy
13.4 12.8
31 1 4 38 8 3 13 3.83 6 24 4.96 6
Ecology
Total 23 29 48
1 100 5 100 339 100 3 100

When distribution of subcategories under neutral category is observed except in The

Times of India Education is ranked first in all the sample newspapers whereas various
categories such as Industry /Business(The Hindu), Education (The Times of India)
and Agriculture in Telugu News papersare in second place. With regard to third place
except Energy (Eenadu) Health is given third priority in all the newspapers.In The
HinduPopulation Planning is in fourth place followed by agriculture, Ecology,
Energy, Human Rights, Transport Infra.In The Times of IndiaEcology, is in fourth
place followed by transport, Energy, Agriculture, Population Planning, National
Integration received in seventh place. In Andhra jyothi housing is ranked fourth place
followed by Energy, Industry/Business, Human Rights, transport infer and Ecology
are ranked seventh.In Eenadu Ecology is in fourth place followed by Population
Planning, Industry/Business, Housing & sand (Table 45)

Table 45

Distribution of first page items under Neutral development category 10 years

The Times of Andhra

Subject The Hindu India Jyothi Eenadu
categories fr % R fr % R fr % R fr % R
12.1
Health 7 9.21 3 12 2 3 8 8.33 3 2 1.68 6
3 44.7 29.2 5 59.3 67.2
Education 4 3 1 29 9 2 7 7 1 80 2 1
Human Rights 1 1.31 7 0 0 1 1.04 7 0 0 9
1
Literacy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
Transport Infra 1 1.31 7 7 7.07 5 1 1.04 7 0 0 9
 1 16.6 17.6
Agriculture 4 5.26 5 2 2.02 7 6 6 2 21 4 2
Industry 1 21.0 32.3
/Business 6 5 2 32 2 1 2 2.08 6 2 1.68 6
Housing &Sand 0 0 0 0 6 6.25 4 2 1.68 6
Population 1
Planning 6 7.89 4 2 2.02 7 0 0 0 3 2.52 5
National 1
Integration 0 0 2 2.02 7 0 0 0 0 0 9
Energy 3 3.94 6 3 3.03 6 4 4.16 5 5 4.20 3
10.1
Ecology 4 5.26 5 10 0 4 1 1.04 7 4 3.36 4
Total 7 9 11
6 100 99 100 6 100 9 100

Formats in which the news or stories are placed in the newspapers first page such as
“Banner” which is located generally in the top position of the first page below the
mast head or other than that are studied. Banner is considered as the face of the first
page and is the premium space. Its content and presentation are equally important and
catches the attention.“Others” are secondary in nature. Here in the study of
newspapers with regard to Banner items in sub categories of Development a kind of
similarity is observed among English and Telugu newspapers. In English newspapers
first place was given to Industry/ Business whereas Telugu newspapers gave first
priority to Agriculture. In second place different subcategories found place in news
papers. Here the language did not matter and Agriculture was given second place in
The Hindu, and Andhra Jyothi. The Times of India gave second priority to two
subjects i.e. Health and Ecology whereas in another Telugu newspaper Eenadu
Education news and stories are ranked second in the first pages.

From third place the priorities have changed much more and all the sample dailies
have diversified very significantly. In The Hindu and Education (14.29%) received
third place followed by Energy (10.71%), Health(10.71%), Ecology, Human Rights
and Housing & sand(7.14%) each etc. In The Times of India Energy (11.11%)
received third place followed by Education (8.33%), Agriculture (8.33%). In Andhra
Jyothi, again Energy (14.29%) is given third place followed by Education (12.24%)
where as Health, National Integration and Ecology(4.08%) each. In Eenaduindustry/
Business received third place followed by Energy.
 It is observed that English newspapers published more or less items of the all the sub
categories under Development and the differences among their frequency are also
minimum. But in Telugu news papers few sub categories are given more coverage and
the rest are very less. Few sub categories are not at all observed which include
Literacy, Transport Infra, National Integration (The Hindu), whereas in The Times of
India along with them Housing & sand is also missing. In Andhra JyothiHuman
Rights, LiteracyandPopulation Planning is missing in Eenadu along with these three
subcategories Housing & sand are not observed (Table 47).

Coefficient of correlation of banner news of Development in front pages of

newspapers for 10 years shows that English news papers are highly correlated
followed by Telugu dailies.

Table 47

Distribution of sub categories of development in the banner items of first pages

of sample dailies

The Times of
Subject The Hindu India Andhra Jyothi Eenadu
categories(banner) fr % fr % fr % fr %
Health 3 10.71 4 5 13.89 2 2 4.08 5 3 3.90 6
Education 4 14.29 3 3 8.33 4 6 12.24 4 18 23.38 2
Human Rights 2 7.14 5 1 2.78 5 0 0.00 0 0.00
Literacy 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Transport Infra 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 2.04 6 1 1.30 7
Agriculture 5 17.86 2 3 8.33 17 34.69 1 25 32.47 1
Industry/Business 6 21.43 1 14 38.89 1 11 22.45 2 15 19.48 3
Housing &Sand 2 7.14 5 0 0.00 1 2.04 6 0 0.00
Population 1 3.57 6 1 2.78 5 0 0.00 0 0.00
Planning
National 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 4.08 5 2 2.60
Integration
Energy 3 10.71 4 4 11.11 3 7 14.29 3 8 10.39 4
Ecology 2 7.14 5 5 13.89 2 2 4.08 5 5 6.49 5
Total 28 100 36 100 49 100 77 100

Table 50
 Coefficient of correlation of banner news of development in first pages of
newspapers for 10 years

The Times of Eenad

The Hindu India Andhra Jyothi u
The Hindu
The Times of
India 0.94
Andhra
Jyothi 0.70 0.46
Eenadu 0.60 0.35 0.93

banner items
30

25
25

20 18
17
15
15 14
11
10 8
7
6 6
5 5 5 5
5 3 4 4
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 22 2 2
1 11 1 11
0
l th on ts0 0 0a0cy0 0 0 f0ra re ss
0d 0
ng
0 0 0 0n
rg
y
og
y
a ati gh r In l tu ne an ni tio e ol
He uc Ri L
ti e rt
i c u s i &S
Pl a g ra En Ec
Ed an po r Bu ng nt
e
m ns Ag y/ si ti on lI
u a tr u a a
H Tr s Ho l n
du pu tio
In Po N a

The Hi ndu Ti mes of Indi a Andhra Jyothi Eenadu

Table 5. Coefficient of correlation of banner news of development in first pages

of newspapers for 10 years

The Times of
The Hindu India Andhra Jyothi Eenadu
The Hindu
The Times of India 0.78
Andhra Jyothi 0.82 0.53
Eenadu 0.82 0.49 0.94

When compared to “Banners” in “Others” category except in Andhra Jyothi first

priority is same in the sample news papers. Industry/Business was given first place in
 both the English newspapers whereas Education topped in Andhra Jyothi and
Agriculture in Eenadu. In The Hindu second place was given to Education (26.33%)
followed by Health(10.01%), Ecology(9.31%), Agriculture(8.78%), Energy(6.91%)
etc. and in The Times of India also Education (16.05%) is in second rank followed by
Health(15.81%), Ecology(10.00%) etc. In Andhra Jyothi Agriculture (21.07%) is in
second place followed by Industry/Business (12.83%) and Health(11.86%),
Energy(8.47%) etc. In Eenadu Education (30.66%), Industry/Business (11.32%),
Energy(8.01%) are in the descending order of priority. Here in the others category not
many sub categories are missing. The Times of India gave representation to all the
subcategories in the Development (Table 49).
Coefficients of correlation among the subject categories of selected news papers
shows that English newspapers are closely correlated followed by Andhra jyothi and
Eenadu (Table 50).
Table 49
Distribution of sub categories of development in the “others”category in the first
pages of sample dailies.

Subject The Times of Andhra

categories(others The Hindu India Jyothi Eenadu
) fr % R fr % R fr % R fr % R
10.1 3 15.8 3 11.8 4 6
Health 38 1 68 1 49 6 36 6.27
26.3 2 16.0 2 15 36.8 1 17 30.6 2
Education 99 3 69 5 2 0 6 6
Human Rights 1 0.27 1 0.23 1 0.24 1 0.17
Literacy 0 0.00 1 0.23 2 0.48 4 0.70
Transport Infra 7 1.86 7 12 2.79 1 0.24 6 1.05 8
5 6 21.0 2 18 31.5 1
Agriculture 33 8.78 22 5.12 87 7 1 3
Industry 35.1 1 40.4 1 12.8 3 11.3 3
/Business 132 1 174 7 53 3 65 2
Housing &Sand 2 0.53 2 0.47 19 4.60 6 15 2.61 7
Population 7
Planning 3 0.80 6 1.40 0 0.00 2 0.35
National 8
Integration 0 0.00 5 1.16 2 0.48 0 0.00
Energy 26 6.91 6 27 6.28 5 35 8.47 5 46 8.01 4
4 10.0 4 7 5
Ecology 35 9.31 43 0 12 2.91 42 7.32
Total 376 100 430 100 41 100 57 100
 3 4

Table 50
Coefficient of correlation of banner news of first pages of newspapers for 10 years

The Times of Eenad

The Hindu India Andhra Jyothi u
The Hindu
The Times of
India 0.94
Andhra
Jyothi 0.70 0.46
Eenadu 0.60 0.35 0.93

Others category
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
th n ts ac
y ra re es
s d
in
g n gy gy
al atio i gh r I nf l tu n S an n atio er lo
He uc R Li t
e rt ic
u s i & a n gr En
Ec
o
Ed an s po gr /Bu i ng Pl I nte
m A n
Hu
n try us tio al
Tra us Ho la on
d pu ti
In Po Na

The Hindu Times of India Andhra Jyothi Eenadu

Photos are covered in different manner compared to the “Banner” and “Other” items
of front pages. Here also the English newspapers differ significantly from Telugu
newspapers and rank wise analysis shows that Industry/Business is in the first place in
The Hindu (29.17%) and The Times of India (33.67%) whereas Agriculture is given
top priority inAndhra Jyothi (30.41%), and Eenadu (33.45%). With regard to second
place Ecology is given second priority in The Hindu (19.44%), and The Times of
India (21.42%) whereas Education is in second place in Andhra Jyothi (23.98%) and
Eenadu (30.72%). In giving third priority also English and Telugu newspaper differed
to a great extent as Educationis in third place in The Hindu (16.67%) and The Times
of India (13.27%) along with Health whereas industry was in third place in Andhra
Jyothi (16.96%) and Eenadu (13.65%).The paper wise analysis shows that Health is
in fourth place in The Hindu followed by Agriculture,Energy, Housing & sand,
Population Planning, Human Rights.In The Times of IndiaAgriculture is in fourth
place followed by Transport Infra, Energy.In Andhra JyothiEnergyis in fourth place
followed by Health, Ecology and National Integration. In EenaduEnergy is in fourth
place followed by Health, Housing & sand as well as National Integration.In sample
newspapersHuman Rights, Literacy, Transport infra, National Integration, Housing
&Sand, Population Planningare either missing orare represented to a very small extent
(Table 51).

Table 51

Distribution of sub categories of development in the photos of first pages of

sample dailies.

The Times of Andhra

The Hindu India Jyothi Eenadu
Subject
categories
fr % R fr % R fr % R fr % R
12.5
Health 9 0 4 13 13.27 3 11 6.43 5 11 3.75 6
16.6 23.9 30.7
Education 12 7 3 13 13.27 3 41 8 2 90 2 2
Human
Rights 2 2.78 7 1 1.02 0 0.00 0 0.00
Literacy 0 0.00 1 1.02 1 0.58 1 0.34
Transport
Infra 0 0.00 4 4.08 5 1 0.58 1 0.34
30.4 33.4
Agriculture 6 8.33 5 8 8.16 4 52 1 1 98 5 1
Industry 29.1 16.9 13.6
/Business 21 7 1 33 33.67 1 29 6 3 40 5 3
Housing
&Sand 2 2.78 7 0 0.00 7 4.09 6 5 1.71 7
Population
Planning 2 2.78 7 1 1.02 7 0 0.00 1 0.34
National
Integration 0 0.00 1 1.02 7 5 2.92 7 4 1.37 8

Energy 4 5.56 6 2 2.04 6 17 9.94 4 23 7.85 4

 19.4
Ecology 14 4 2 21 21.43 2 7 4.09 6 19 6.48 5
17 29
Total 72 100 98 100 1 100 3 100

The Hindu

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total
Health 2 1 1 1 5
Education 2 1 1 4
Human Rights 2 2
Literacy 0
Transport Infra 1 1
Agriculture 1 2 1 2 1 7
Industry /Business 1 1 2 2 1 1 8
Housing &Sand 0
Population Planning 0
National Integration 0
Energy 1 1 2
Ecology 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 14
 Ecology; 32.56% Education; 9.30%
Health; 11.63%

Human Rights; 4.65%

Transport Infra; 2.33%

Energy; 4.65%
Industry /Business; 18.60%
Agriculture; 16.28%

The Times of India

2008 200 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 Total
9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Health 2 2 3 5 13 25
Education 1 2 1 2 1 3 4 14
Human Rights 2 1 3
Literacy 0
Transport Infra 0
Agriculture 1 1
Industry /Business 2 2 2 3 9
Housing &Sand 0
Population Planning 0
National Integration 0
Energy 1 1
Ecology 2 1 1 4
 Ecology; 7.02%
Energy; 1.75%
Health; 43.86%
Industry /Business; 15.79%
Agriculture; 1.75%

Human Rights; 5.26%

Education; 24.56%

Andhra Jyothi

200 200 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 Total
8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Health 1 1 1 2 5
Education 5 4 2 1 2 3 3 20
Human Rights 0
Literacy 0
Transport Infra 0
Agriculture 6 5 4 4 2 6 2 4 1 34
Industry 2 5 2 2 1 2 1 15
/Business
Housing &Sand 1 1 3 5
Population 1 1
Planning
National 1 1
Integration
Energy 3 1 4 2 2 2 14
Ecology 1 1 1 1 4
 Energy; 14.14%
Ecology; 4.04% Health; 5.05% Education; 20.20%
National Integration; 1.01%
Population Planing; 1.01%
Housing &Sand; 5.05%

Industry /Business; 15.15%

Agriculture; 34.34%

Eenadu

200 200 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 Total
8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Health 1 4 2 2 1 5 15
Education 2 5 6 2 1 3 1 1 5 10 36
Human Rights 1 1 2
Literacy 0
Transport Infra 0
Agriculture 9 11 23 3 4 1 1 4 13 21 90
Industry 7 2 2 4 2 1 1 4 23
/Business
Housing 2 2 1 1 2 8
&Sand
Population 0
Planning
National 0
Integration
Energy 3 1 1 4 1 3 13
Ecology 1 2 2 1 1 4 2 13
 Ecology; 6.50%Health; 7.50%
Energy; 6.50% Education; 18.00%
Housing &Sand; 4.00%
Industry /Business; 11.50% Human Rights; 1.00%

Agriculture; 45.00%