Scribd
Upload
63 views25 pages

Number System

Number system details.

Uploaded by

ImamHossainSantho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
63 views25 pages

Number System

Number system details.

Uploaded by

ImamHossainSantho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
You are on page 1/ 25

Number Systems

CS101- Computer Systems

By:
Dilum Bandara
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
University of Moratuwa
1
Outline
p Decimal
p Binary
p Octal
p Hexadecimal
p Number base conversion

© CSE 2
Humans vs. Computers
p It is not surprising that our number
system is based on units of TEN,
n Since nature provided man with five fingers on
each of 2 hands.

p Computers use binary


n They have only electronic or electromechanical
switches.
n These switches have only 2 states, either ON
or OFF
© CSE 3
Distinguishing Number Systems
p The characteristic which distinguish one
number system from another is called the
base (or radix)
p The base or radix, of a number system is:
n the number of different digits that can occur in
each position in the number system.
n this is the number of symbols in a system
n Example: Base 10 - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

© CSE 4
Number Bases
Number Base Symbols
System
Binary 2 0, 1

Octal 8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Decimal 10 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Hexadecimal 16 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
A, B, C, D, E, F
© CSE 5
Decimal Number System
p The number 4567 in base 10 means:

4567 = four thousand five hundred and sixty seven


= 4000 + 500 + 60 + 7
= (4 × 1000) + (5 × 100) + (6 × 10) + (7 × 1)
= (4 × 103) +(5 × 102) +(6 × 101)+(7 ×100)

© CSE 6
Positional notations
p In general, the relationship between a
digit, its position & the base of the number
system is expressed by the following
formula:

DIGIT × BASE POSITION #

© CSE 7
Weight Associated with Digit Position

When expressed as a series of digits, the


value of a number is determined by
considering the "weight" associated with
the position of each
© CSE
digit. 8
p The number 512.49 in base 10 means:

512.49 = 500 + 10 + 2 + 0.40 + 0.09


= (5×100)+(1×10) + (2×1) + (4× 0.1)+
(9 × 0.001)
= (5×102) + (1×101) + (2×100) + (4× 10-1) +
(9 ×10-2)

© CSE 9
Binary number system
p Base of the binary number system is 2
p Symbols are 0 & 1

p The number 1101.11 in base 2 means:


1101.01
= (1×23)+(1×22)+(0×21)+(1×20)+(0×2-1)
+ (1×2-2)

© CSE 10
Octal number system
p Base of the octal number system is 8
p The symbols are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7

p The number 456.41 in base 8 means:


475.01
=(4×82)+(7×81)+(5×80)+(0×8-1)+(1× 8-2)

© CSE 11
Hexadecimal number system
p The base is 16
p The symbols are
n 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

p The number 1FA.4C in base 16 means:


1FA.4C
=(1×162)+(F×161)+(A×160)+(4×16-1)
+(C×16-2)
= (1×162)+(15×161)+(10×160)+(4×16-1)
+(12×16-2)
© CSE 12
Terminology
p Computers represent numbers as a series
of switches which store a pattern of ON's &
OFF's, representing the binary digits 1 & 0.
p Each of these digits is called a BIT (BInary
digiT)
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1

© CSE 13
Terminology cont…
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1

MSB – Most
Significant Bit LSB – Least
Significant Bit

© CSE 14
Number Base Conversion
p It is necessary to convert from one
number system to another
p Example:
n Windows Calculator

© CSE 15
Decimal to Binary conversion - Integers
p Convert 910 into binary

9/2 = 4 r = 1
4/2 = 2 r = 0
2/2 = 1 r = 0
1/2 = 0 r = 1

p 910 = 10012

© CSE 16
Decimal to Binary conversion cont…
p Convert 2710 to binary

p 2710 = 110112

© CSE 17
Decimal to Binary – Fractions
p Example 1: Represent 0.5 10 in binary

0.5×2 = 1.0
0.0×2 (this ends the process)
So 0.5 10 = 0.12

p Example 2: Represent 0.1 10 in binary


n 0.110 = 0.000110011001 2
n = 0.00011101
© CSE 18
Binary to Decimal conversion - Integers
The decimal value D of a binary word is given as:
m i 0
D = B m2 + ...+ B i 2 +... + B 0 2
where:
m is the position of the MSB
B is the binary value of the bit in position i

© CSE 19
Binary to Decimal conversion cont…
p Example 3: Convert 11101.012 to decimal

p We will calculate the position value for


each binary digit & then sum theoe values
p We write the position values above each
digit.
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2
Position 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Values 16 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25
Binary Digits 1 1 1 0 1 . 0 1
© CSE 20
Example 3: cont…
p 11101.01
= (1×24)+(1×23)+(1×22)+(0× 21)+(1×20)
+(0×2-1)+(1×2-2)
= (1×16)+(1×8)+(1×4)+(0×2)+(1×1)
+(0×0.5) +(1×0.25)
= 16+8+4+0+1+0+0.25
= 29.25

© CSE 21
Example 4:
p Convert 111001 2 to decimal

p 1110012 = 5710

© CSE 22
Example 5:
p Represent 123410 in hexadecimal

p 123410 = 4D216

© CSE 23
Binary to Octal conversion
p Example 6: convert 110100112 in to octal

11 | 010 | 011
011 | 010 | 011 - add extra bit
3 2 3
110100112 = 3238

© CSE 24
Summary
p Different number systems
n Decimal, Binary, Octal & Hexadecimal
p Terminology
n Bit, LSB, MSB
p Number base conversion

p You should go through everything in the


note

© CSE 25

You might also like