CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Special Report - Session 3

OPERATION, CONTROL AND PROTECTION

Markus ZDRALLEK
Chairman – Germany
[email protected]

Ignaz HÜBL
Special Rapporteur - Austria
[email protected]

Carsten Böse
Special Rapporteur - Germany
[email protected]

Introduction
Traditionally and according to the topics of the papers
For CIRED 2017 about 350 abstracts have been received in
submitted, Session 3 is structured into three blocks, each
Session 3 showing the still enormous need of further
one divided into three to six sub blocks:
development in the area of operation, control and protection
of distribution grids. Due to the high number of abstracts, Block 1 Operation
Chairman and Rapporteurs of Session 3 had to be –once
 Maintenance and Condition Assessment
again– quite strict in rejecting papers. Since the quality of
abstracts and full papers has been constantly increasing  Distribution Management
during the last years, even well written abstracts had to be
rejected in order to keep a manageable number of papers  Crisis- and Workforce-Management
during the conference  Ancillary Services on Distribution Level
Therefore 175 abstracts –about half of the proposals–were Block 2 Control
accepted by National Committees and the Technical
Committee (TC). Finally 156 full papers have been  Medium-Voltage Automation
accepted for Session 3.  Low-Voltage Automation
Fig. 1 gives an overview of the review process.  SCADA / Distribution Management Systems
Abstracts received  Communication

Abstracts accepted  Islanding

Full papers accepted

 IEC 61850
Block 3 Protection
Poster Session
 Fault Location / Earth Fault
Main Session
 Applications
RIF
 Algorithms and Simulations
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Grid operation is very significant to guaranty the supply of
electrical energy. New developments and operational IT
Fig. 1: Review process overview
based Distribution Management Systems are the most
discussed topics in the operation block. One focus is the
All authors are asked for a poster presentation during load forecasting with distributed energy resources with the
CIRED 2017, 24 of them will additionally present their goal reduction of losses.
paper in the Main Session and nine papers are allocated to
But also Crisis- and Workforce Management is an important
the Research and Innovation Forums (RIF).
part of operation. More and more extreme weather caprioles

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

are the trigger for new strategies how to manage crisis and
Block 1: “Operation”
forecast fault situations in the distribution grid.
The subject Condition Assessment and Maintenance has
Significant for the operation block are the widely dispersed
been established. Once again a lot of papers have been
tasks in operating distribution grids. 39 papers were
submitted for this topic. Nevertheless it is a major problem
received in this block, covering several issues in the area of
because most maintenance and renewal strategies are
grid operation. For giving a better overview, this block is
fundamentally based on a correct assessment of the
divided into four sub blocks:
component condition.
A new and upcoming topic of operation is the Ancillary  Distribution Management
System Service on Distribution Level. Caused by
decentralized renewal generation in MV and LV grids  Crisis- and Workforce Management
ancillary services are more and more important to stabilize  Condition Assessment and Maintenance
the grid.
 Ancillary Services on Distribution Level
One major aspects of the contributions in block control
covers the funded project ELECTRA IPR. In the sub block
medium-voltage automation and SCADA/distribution Sub block “Distribution Management”
management systems several papers. Another main focus of The major number of papers is related to the sub block
the papers is still the method of self-healing grid. This topic “Distribution Management”. 21 papers where received
is highlighted in nearly all sub block. Islanding is still a coming from the UK, Canada, the Netherlands, Germany,
topic, compared to previous conferences the papers do not Portugal, Italy, Finland, Belgium, France, Spain, Egypt,
describe the detection of islands but the operation of Japan, Russian Federation and Austria.
islanded grids and microgrids.
The protection block covers new applications of Paper 0040 from France describes the approach for the roll-
established protection concepts, several types of fault out of technical smart grid industrial solutions. The Enedis
locations (e.g. earth faults, high impedance faults), new roadmap shows two main objectives, modernise network
algorithms and simulations and the new sub block fault ride management processes and infrastructures and to provide
through. For a long time the topic “fault location” is a wide assistance to stakeholders of the electric power system and
field of developments, simulations and practical regional power systems in the French energy transition. The
experiments. New protection algorithms and strategies are Smart Grid roadmap is continuously enriched with new use
developed and shown in simulations as well as in cases and new solutions.
applications. Applications and practical tests are very In paper 0168, coming from the UK, the performance of a
interesting and most important to support new protection 33kV distribution grid with a proposed medium voltage DC
devices and systems. link between the island of Anglesey and the mainland in
North Wales was assessed. This work found that the use of
An overview of the number of papers related to the different an MV-DC link increased the MV network´s DG hosting
blocks and sub blocks is given in fig. 2. capacity, but the network losses depend on the load and
25 generation conditions and control strategy.
20 The focus of paper 0190 from the UK and paper 0209 from
Number of papers

15 Austria is on reducing technical losses on a very different

10 way. Paper 0190 proposes a means by which the
5
effectiveness of CVR (Conservation Voltage Reduction) in
0
reducing technical losses can be better quantified in the
presence of harmonic current and voltage distortion. It is
Islanding

IEC 61850
Condition Assessment

Medium-Voltage Automation

Management Systems

Communication

Algorithms and Simulations

Distribution Management

Crisis- and Workforce-

Ancillary Services on

Low-Voltage Automation

Fault Location / Earth Fault

Applications
SCADA / Distribution
Distribution Level
Maintenance and

Management

argued that the classic approach to ZIP load modelling can

be extended to incorporate a metric for THDI (Total
Harmonic Current Distortion) which may be modelled as a
function of applied voltage in a similar manner to that of P
and Q. Paper 0209 describes a simple tool for power flow
Operation Control Protection
calculations on medium voltage network lines with the goal
Fig. 2: Paper overview of blocks and sub blocks to calculate the network losses for every single MV-line in a
fast way with sufficient accuracy and how to combine this
tool with a forecast tool.
Paper 0298 from Japan, presents a method how to find
faulty points on power lines in distribution grids. The
proposed method combines the existing estimation based on

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

the phase plane trajectory with statistical analysis for collected from the pilot projects in South East Asia and
estimating causes of faults from current waveform data from the field tests provided by St. Petersburg suburb power
when a power failure occurs on a distribution line. distribution utility “Lenenergo”, Russia. The tests in real
A study on load forecasting using statistical analysis is network conditions highlight the necessity of accurate study
presented in paper 0304 coming from Japan. The accuracy of the network before installing fault indicators.
of load current forecast in a specified zone in a distribution In paper 0770 from France three complementary prototype
system is examined in this paper, using the load forecast tools which take advantage of augmented and virtual reality
method and measurement data. (Fig. 2) to help the field technicians to perform network
In paper 0325 from Belgium a convex power flow model operation in a more effective way and with an increased
for scalable electricity market modelling is shown. Within a safety. A field-test program was conducted. The main
Smart-Net project, the idea is to consider the grid´s physical outcome expected is to identify the new technical solutions
behaviour in market clearing approaches. capable of bringing in the short and medium term most
Paper 0423 from Canada discusses the challenges of value to the technicians in terms of performance and safety,
modelling large distribution networks, characterized by and then to develop the corresponding operational tools and
tightly coupled transmission lines, unbalanced phase loads solutions.
and power electronic interfaces generating sources, on a real
time simulator. The steady state results are compared
against a non-real time simulation tool and the published
IEEE data to validate the accuracy of the modelling
approach taken.
The correlation between failure rates and different weather
factors is discussed in paper 0610 from the Netherlands.
Historical weather and failure records of a Dutch
Distribution System Operator (Aliander) are analysed and
verified using data set from recent component failures.
Paper 0649 from the UK indicates that asset condition
information can have a positive impact on network
operation. This is illustrated by a case study, where a
number of network reconfigurations are examines in a
representative distribution network and the results show that Fig. 2: Technician equipped with augmented-reality glasses
by taking asset condition information into account (Fig. 1),
then an improved operation of the network can be achieved. Paper 0784 from Spain presents analysis of smart meter
events, aimed to enhance low voltage network operation by
the detection of voltage deviations, repetitive incidents or
even outages prevention. The main challenge of using smart
meters events is the vast amount of data.
Paper 0871 from the UK describes the operation of the
Adaptive Power Restoration Scheme (APRS), a unified
algorithmic approach to implementing self-healing networks
in the event of an unplanned outage (fault) on the
11kV/6.6kV network.
In paper 0899 from the Netherlands is shown how Alliander
carries out a large standardisation framework for primary,
Fig. 1: Integrated Asset Management and Network control and protection equipment and has chosen for
Operation Concept separation of concerns when integrating the secondary
systems into substations and distribution stations. Results,
In paper 0660 from Portugal presents a reliable system to lessons learned and next steps are discussed in this paper.
monitor and control street lighting in the grid of the Paper 0965 from Germany shows reference architecture for
Portuguese DSO (EDO and EFACEC). An architecture open, maintainable and secure software for the operation of
overview and some details about the implementation of the energy networks. The goal of a consortium
central management system are shown in this paper. (openKONSEQUENZ) is to significantly reduce
Self-healing is the focus of paper 0712 from Egypt. This maintenance costs of their system-landscape by decreasing
paper suggests a simple control technique for self-healing system complexity and vendor dependency as well as
with intelligent switching for distribution networks (IEEE increasing software quality, usability and enhancing safety
test feeder). and security in critical infrastructures.
Paper 0722 from Russia addresses analyses of a feedback of Paper 1037 from Finland presents how Helen Electricity
different fault indicator performance, based on data Network Ltd managed to improve its electricity supply

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

reliability between the years 2008 and 2016. This was

achieved by implementing six development tracks. The
results of the development project have been even better
than expected. Helen has reached its SAIDI level target by
the year 2015.
Paper 1214 from France: DSOs have to face technical and
economic issues, existing and new, while optimizing OPEX
and CAPEX. In the same time, Internet of Things (IoT)
technologies and connected things are emerging in Smart
grid developments. The issue here is to develop new cloud
services to have an easy and scalable LV grid management
tool, similar to a LV SCADA. ESR (main regional DSO in
France) and SOCOMEC started a project to explore a
digital LV grid management. First results of 5-months
operation expected in June.
In paper 1330 from Italy new operational criteria and
challenges for the large scale deployment in the network of
e-distributione are discussed. E-distribuzione has started to
develop an innovative selection system of network failures,
based on logic coordination between protection systems, in
order to optimize the time equivalent of electrical fault
extinction and consequently reduce the equivalent customer
moment. This proposed solution will not modify the typical
scheme of operation of MV distribution feeders.

Sub block “Crisis- and Workforce Management”

In this sub block we have 7 papers discussing the prevention Fig. 3: Foot of tower 132kV following movement of river
and pre crisis plans of weather caused major disturbances in
the electrical power supply. Paper 0628 from Finland shows how crucial it is to have
Weather-related major power disruptions caused by storms, efficient coordination in major power disruptions and
foods or other very extreme conditions are the topics of obtaining the right and up-to-date information when
three papers from countries very different located. coordinating a situation during weather-related major power
Paper 0188 from Argentina describes an Emergency outages. This paper will present in detail the situational
Operational Plan (EOP) implemented in the system of awareness tool which was designed to meet the
Argentina´s largest DSO (Edenor). The Pre Crisis Plan requirements for the overall situation awareness.
covers different types of climatological events in which the The next four papers are dealing with Work Force
managers of several units must ensure the availability of Management (WFM).
staff and resources of the company as well as staff and Paper 0390 from the UK offers a vision of how electrical
resources of their suppliers. utilities will redesign their asset operations by placing
Paper 0405 from the UK explores the journey that GB mobile technology at the centre of their model.
Distribution Network Operators have made over the past 15 In paper 0710 also coming from the UK is described in
years to improve the resilience of their networks to the risk detail the new work processes being implemented at SP
of flooding (Fig. 3). It proposes how the lesson learnt from Energy Networks (SPEN) to move from a centralized to a
these incidents can be built into future resilience planning de-centralized approach. The intent is to improve customer
and policy on a national level with government and local service, and use technology as an enabler to standardise
stakeholders. process in the context of a changing workforce.
Paper 1203 from Brazil presents the application of a new
real-time methodology for commercial and supply
restoration service prioritization and crew dispatch for
service assistance. The prioritization of services is based on
a multi-criteria analysis method, named as MACBETH,
whereas the Ant Colony Optimization metaheuristic
algorithm is applied for crew dispatching.
Paper 1212 also coming from Brazil aims to describe a
dashboard that presents relevant information to the
operation, maintenance and planning of sub-transmission
systems, underground distribution systems and aerial

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

distribution systems, developed as part of the “Smart Grid increasing the efficiency of inspections, mainly in areas of
Project” of Brazilian utility AES Eletropaulo. Also, it was difficult access.
developed an application for smartphones containing Paper 0711 from Japan describes a new system named
information that were considered important to be viewed DAMRAS (Distribution Asset Management and
remotely by operators and field teams. Replacement Assist System) that can collect and accumulate
defective events without omission have also been
developed, which can strengthen the analytical capability of
such events and lead to formulating efficient maintenance
Sub block “Condition Assessment and Maintenance”
measures. These systems are designed so that the field
The main topics in this sub block are Preventive workers can carry out advanced maintenance operation
Maintenance, Monitoring on Operating Resources and precisely with less effort than ever.
Strategies of Condition Assessments. In this sub block we In paper 0718 from Finland novel cloud based fleet
received 7 papers presenting maintenance strategies and analytics was utilized for advanced asset management. The
new applications. target was to optimize the maintenance and testing
Paper 0195 from Japan explains the result of an experiment procedures of the secondary system in primary distribution
on Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) in real-scale substations. The project was able to prove that some level of
distribution system. It is attempt to apply a new method for maintenance activities could be avoided by analysing
locating faulty points by injecting high-frequency short process data from real fault incidents, and that cloud
pulse into overhead distribution line (Fig. 4). Through these environment is suitable for performing required fleet
experiments, we confirm this method is applicable to analytics.
specify the fault point with high accuracy. The goal of paper 0724 from Portugal is to present the field
experiments of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
developed by EDP Labelec in partnership with INESC
TEC. The paper details the EDP Labelec hexacopter UAV
(Fig. 5) and its capability to perform autonomous inspection
of electrical assets through visual and thermographic
images.

Fig. 4: Test circuit composition of real-scale distribution

system

Paper 0426 from the UK describes how ScottishPower has

been able to detect and locate the position of recurring
faults on their LV network more accurately than with any
other method, using a combination of the triggered TDR
(Time Domain Reflectometry) and TRS methods of fault Fig. 5: UAV during an Aerial Power Line inspection
location. Both TDR and TRS methods have proved
especially useful when addressing customer complaints of Since 2016, the UAV is already in operation by the EDP
flickering lights, and equipment mal-functions, where there Labelec field teams to perform electric visual inspection.
has been no supply interruptions reported. Flickering lights
are usually an indication that transitory faults are taking Paper 1356 from the UK offers an overview of a through
place so their detection and location is essential to a ‘pro- fault current (TFC) monitoring system and the results of a
active’ fault management strategy. trial performed on a TERNA HV/MV transformer. The
Paper 0290 is coming from Brazil presents the methodology purpose of the trial was to detect over-currents and
developed or the analysis of inconsistencies in transmission demonstrate that most events occur without the utility being
and distribution lines. The results obtained so far, indicate aware. The record of such activities will allow ranking the
that the methodology will succeed in Overhead transformer fleet, improving maintenance schedule,
Transmission Line (OHTL) inspection, due to the high correlating multiple on-line data and extracting new
quality of the images, allowing for identification of existing parameters to be added to the TERNA Health Index.
problems in the line components, thus significantly TFC monitoring is a valuable feature for TERNA to rank
the transformers based on external event occurrences. Data

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

can be then correlated to other on-line diagnostic

parameters, especially DGA, to plan condition-based off-
line tests and maintenance.

Sub block “Ancillary Services on Distribution Level”

Ancillary Services on Distribution Level is a new sub block
and covers several services supporting the TSO operation
for stabilising the grid.
Paper 0414 from France aims to propose a joint DSO-TSO
coordination for reactive power management within a HV
grid based on an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) technique.
The objectives of the control are to maintain a suitable HV
voltages profile while limiting the EHV/HV reactive power
exports. To this end, the control yields a reactive power
target at each HV/MV interfaces. This target is then
assumed to be considered by the real-time Volt Var
Control (VVC) of MV grids that adjusts, among others, the
reactive power references of distributed generation.
Paper 1033 from Austria aims to analyse, define and
describe common requirements focusing on a technical,
stakeholder and market perspective. The project DeCAS
(Demonstration of Coordinated Ancillary Services) (Fig. 6)
develops solutions for the coordinated activation of
ancillary cross-voltage-level services considering the
different objective functions of individual voltage levels.

Fig. 6: Location of the DeCAS Innovation Cells

Paper 1182 from France describes the specific initiatives
rolled out since 2014 in the frame of Operation and Control
coordination between RTE and Enedis in both Operational
Planning and Real time. The anticipated constraints on both
sides at different time intervals by respective OP tools along
with reinforced data exchanges should allow to make
appropriate decisions to optimize HV and MV network
functioning today and in the future.
Paper 1199 from the USA presents a methodology for
addressing the problems faced in deploying microPMUs at
the distribution level. The addition of DER on low and
medium voltage networks, combined with lack of visibility
of the real-time state of distribution networks, makes it
difficult for transmission system operators to have visibility
of the network beyond the grid supply points. A solution to
this is to install μPMUs at the distribution level to provide
increased visibility within WAMS.

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Table 1: Papers of Block 1 “Operation” assigned to the Session 3

Paper No. Title MS MS RIF PS

a.m. p.m.
Distribution Management
0040 Enedis approach for the roll-out of technical smart grid industrial solutions
0168 Control Strategies of VSCs in an MVDC-link in a 33 kV Distribution Network X
0190 Enhanced ZIP Load Modelling for the Analysis of Harmonic Distortion under X
Conservation Voltage Reduction
0209 Loss Estimation of Medium Voltage Lines based on Real and Synthetic Load
Profiles
0298 A Study for Cause Estimation of Faults using Statics Analysis
0304 A Study on load current forecasting using Statistical Analysis
0325 Convex power flow models for scalable electricity market modelling
0423 Real-Time Simulation of Large Distribution Networks with Distributed Energy
Resources
0610 Risk Prediction in Distribution Networks based on the Relation between
Weather and (Underground) Component Failure
0649 Incorporating Asset Management into Power System Operations
0660 SmartIP - Central Management System for Public Lighting in Portugal
0712 Smart Fault Management Scheme for Electrical Distribution Networks
0722 Evaluation of practical experience of Fault Indicator performance in Medium
Voltage Networks
0770 Enedis field experience of augmented and virtual reality technologies at the X
service of network operators
0784 Adopting Smart Meter Events as key data for Network Operation X
0871 Next-Generation Adaptive Network Restoration on Distribution Feeders
0899 Standardization to reduce lifecycle cost and lead time with improved quality,
efficiency and flexibility
0965 A Reference Architecture for Open, Maintainable and Secure Software for the
Operation of Energy Networks
1037 Helen Electricity Network Ltd's Process Towards High Level of Supply
Reliability
1214 IOT Services for a Smart LV Grid Management
1330 Smart Fault Selection: New Operational Criteria and Challenges for the Large
Scale Deployment in e-distribuzione's Network
Crisis and Workforce Management
0188 Emergency Operational Plan – Crisis Situation Management
0390 Creating a Mobile Centric Operational Model in Utilties
0405 The Future of Flood Resilience for Electricity Distribution Infrastructure in X
Great Britain (GB)

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Paper No. Title MS MS RIF PS

a.m. p.m.
Crisis and Workforce Management
0628 Efficient Coordination in Major Power Disruption X
0710 De-Centralized Working for Outage Management, including Auto-dispatch
1203 Service Prioritization and Crew Dispatch in an Electricity Utility
1212 Dashboard and Smartphone Application to Support Operation and Plannning of
Electric Distribution Systems
Maintenance and condition assessment
0195 TDR Measurement with Utility-Pole-Interval Resolution of Real-Scale Distribution
System
0290 Autonomous Inspection in Transmission and Distribution Power Lines -
Methodology for Image Acquisition by Means of Unmanned Aircraft System and
its Treatment and Storage
0426 Locating the causes of recurrent supply interruptions and flickering lights on
ScottishPower's low voltage cable network using travelling waves
0711 Advancement in Maintenance Operation for Managing Various Types of Failure
and Vastly Aging Facilities
0718 Optimization of Secondary Testing with Cloud Based Fleet Analytics
0724 Field Experiments in Power Line Inspection with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
1356 Terna Fleet Management of Power Transformers: On-line Monitoring to Predict
Winding Deformation and Plan Proper Maintenance
Ancillary Services on Distribution Level
0144 A joint TSO-DSO reactive power management for a HV system considering MV X
systems support
1033 Requirements for coordinated ancillary services covering different voltage levels X
1182 DSO TSO Coordination Needs induced by Smart Grids: the Ongoing French Project
between RTE and Enedis
1199 Improving Actionable Observeability of Large Distribution Networks for
Transmission Operators to Support Improved System control, Fault detection &
Mitigation

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

include the self recognition of the network as wells as fault

Block 2: „Control“
location, isolation and service restoration process. The
paper also describes the pilot project installation.
Block 2 covers all relevant topics for distribution system
Also the Norwegian paper 0883 is covering the intelligent
control methods within 69 papers. The complete control
handling of faults. The paper present first result from a pilot
block is divided into the six subblocks where the main focus
project on using fault indicators and self-healing and it
of the papers is on MV automation, LV automation and
compares five different automation cases from case 1 with
SCADA/distribution management systems:
no sensors up to case 5 with a fully automated system.
 Medium-Voltage Automation Voltage control is one of the most important aspects in
existing power system 24with th International Conference of
high penetration on Electricity D
 Low-Voltage Automation decentralized generation. This aspect is covered by the
 SCADA / Distribution Management Systems Japanese paper 0150 that shows a field demonstration and
evaluation of a central voltage control. Fig. 7 shows the
 Communication installation of equipment with the Information Technology
 Islanding Switch
The idea (ITSW).
of this approach is to determine the droop values requir
of each ReGen plant controller by means of an initial is ad
 Voltage stability is also the main topic of paper 0297. The
IEC 61850 static analysis of the DG, i.e. voltage sensitivity analysis,
𝑚 Graz show the 𝑉𝑉
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑠
Austrian researchers of the University of
taking into account the impact of reactive power the cr
usage of the Thevenin impedance for voltage stability
variations on voltage changes (𝛿𝛿𝑉𝑉⁄ 𝛿𝛿𝑄𝑄) in different points the ti
Sub block “Medium-Voltage Automation” monitoring methods. The real-time calculation only requires
of the grid. These settings are manually introduced only for th
system topology information as well as PMU and SCADA
16 papers have been selected for subblock “Medium once by an Aggregator of grid support services or the Aggre
data. The paper descirbes in detail who the Thevenin
responsible DSO and may be updated when necessary, updat
Voltage automation”. In most of the papers the challenges impedance will be used and show the analysis for 9 bus
e.g. changes in the feeder topology, cables, transformers impos
for voltage control in power systems with high number of netwok.
etc. [5]. For the voltage reference point an arbitrary value comm
decentral generation unit are covered. Also the ELECTRA
of 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠0948
Paper 𝑠= 𝑝1 𝑝𝑝𝑝 can
presents be
a selected,
novel as
method the system
for the voltages
combined
project war covered frequently and mostly by international
teams of authors. should beofregulated
control OLTCs around nominal
and local value. compensation
installed
equipment with the consideration on holding the voltage
The Iranian Paper 0074 describes a self-healing function On-Line Coordination
stability margin in the required limit. Also this paper uses Figur
based on a multi-agent system design. Within this paper the ThisThevenin
the proposed control concept
impedance is characterized
for the voltage by real-
control algorithm.
benefits of microgrid system. The microgrid balance the time coordination of the local voltage controllers using Both
consumption and generation in a total system by balancing Another
the availablepilot measurements
project is described in paper
in the grid. 151 from
The scheme of evalu
the load demand of the single microgrids. The author Belgium.
Distributed TheOn-Line
DSO Eandis started an intelligent
Coordination control iscontrol
shownofina
wind Table
explains the behaviour by a simulation of a 4 feeder (1069 Figureturbine
5, whereto increase the utilization
an Aggregator of grid of a power
support system.
services or
node) example network. The monitoring system can by used by wind
the responsible DSO may take over the task to update thefarm operators
Contro
to optimizesettings
controller the infeed.
of the ReGen plants continuously. Concep
Real-time information can only be provided
A very interesting aspect of network automation is the for locations
in the grid, Off-Lin
interation ofwhere
MV and measuring devicesfunctions.
LV automation are installed. As per
The topic is
grid code
covered requirement
by the German paperReGen plants
0538. The need to provide
presented results On-Lin
signals such as active power production,
demonstrate that a LV smart grid system can be a useful reactive power
and
availability and voltage at the connection point [12] [14].
reliable MV actuator. The possible actuator flexibility of the
The DSO normally has available voltage and current CAS
LV system can be easily implemented into a MV control
measurements from the primary substation (MV or HV
strategy. DIST
side).
Distribution grid
data by DSO
External
Drid
Benc
HV
In or
Primary coord
Vmeas SS , Pmeas SS ,Qmeas SS Substation
distrib
Vstp , droop P + jQ MV
ReGen BDG
Plant 1 Vmeas
Distributed PoC1 DSO
On-Line
Coordination
(Vset,droop)

Vstp , droop
Fig. 7: Overall view of Switch (Paper 0150) ReGen P + jQ
Plant N Vmeas
PoC N

Especially in large networks self healing becomes more and Figure 5: Scheme for Distributed On-Line Coordination
Fig. 8: Scheme for Distributed On-Line Coordination
more interesting. The Chinese authors of paper 0511 show (Paper
Those 0554)
signals can be used for advanced coordination of
the self-healing by using distributed intelligence. This the individual controller settings of the ReGen plants.
Reactive power provision may increase the losses within B05
the grid by increasing the current loading of the lines. PVP
CIRED2015 Session 3: Session Operation, Control and Protection Page 9 are
Hence, in situations where the voltage profiles / 28 well
within the tolerance band margins of ± 10 %, reactive
power support by ReGen plants is not required. One
approach to reduce the reactive power loading of the DG
CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

pilots and one massive scale project, IBERDROLA’s STAR

project, a smart grids project aiming to provide automation
Paper 0554 from Denmark focusses on distributed voltage
solutions for a MV network of 90,000 secondary substations
control coordination between renewable generation plants in
which is entering its final stage after 6 years.
medium voltage distribution grids. In this paper it is shown
that reactive power provision increases the power losses in
the grid to a significant extent. A real-time coordination
concept is developed which utilizes communication systems
with on-line signal exchange between the assets. Fig. 8
shows the scheme for distributed on-line coordination.
Paper 0914 describes the central voltage control system,
aiming to optimise the network voltages and release
network capacity by dynamically adjusting the previously
static target voltage settings of substations’ voltage control
relays. This paper is based on learning to date from Western
Power Distribution’s (WPD) Tier-2 Low Carbon Networks
(LCN) Fund project, Network Equilibrium.
The authors of paper 0946 simulated a MVDC link under
Fig. 9: Installation in AIS (left) and GS (right) RMUs
faulted and normal conditions. This link offers the
(Paper 1057)
flexibility by decoupling P and Q power flows.
The paper 0615 from USA present two visualizations of the 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution
controllability of substation voltage in a multiphase Sub block “Low-Voltage Automation”
distribution network with distributed energy resources
15 paper cover the low-voltage automation. Main focus is
(DER). We utilize a linearized unbalanced power flow
on increasing the utilization of equipment and the voltage
model to formulate a mathematical program that determines The state of the tap is signalized and the number of
control.
the voltage feasibility and cost to move substation voltages. operating cycles is calculated by control unit. But no state
Paperof143
the from
tap depending
Czech on time is available.
Republic deal withSo the
the state of and
design
One focus of papers are based on the ELECTRA project the tap
operation ofisintelligent
transmittedRMUs
to dispatching where
equipped it istransformater
with recorded
and web-of-cells. Authors from Spain, Turkey, Belgium and and archived in the system SCADA – see Tab. 2. The
with on load tap
transformer changes.
gives The paper
some measured data sodemonstrated
no additional the
Austria described a voltage control strategy design with the
installation and operation
power analyzer is neededofforsmart substations
the monitoring (see fig. 10).
of voltage.
research project (paper 0749). The so-called Post-Primary
Voltage Control (PPVC), aims to keep the node voltages at
any time within the bands de- fined by the regulations and
to minimize the power losses in the system by calculating
the optimal voltage set-points for the different nodes.
Fig. 3 Examp
Also in the content of ELECTRA paper 0788 from Greece, automatic mode
UK, Belgium and Denmark deals with the Frequency Measuremen
Containment Control use case and, in particular, its On the output
implementation in the context of operation constraints voltage quality
imposed by different system conditions. The paper shows transformer and
variations. Whe
the web-of-cell program and the fuzzy control as well as the
down. After de
positive simulation results. the voltage de
increasing of
Paper 0904 presents the research and development results transformer's b
on grid state forecasting, a structural and algorithmic voltage variatio
approach (CARMA-Algorithm) with a practical scope of end of the LV
application. The German authors focus on a modular output of the tr
sources are con
bottom- up concept and a smart time series analysis for
implementation purposes on a decentralized autarkic grid The transform
approximately
automation system. is 3.44% of n
variations (in
In paper 1057 the authors share the experience they gained than the tap due
in the field of Medium Voltage (MV) distribution
the the SMART SUB
automation, with particular focus on the use of Low Power
Fig. Fig.
10: 2Substation
Substation MV/LV Jarohnevice
MV/LV Jarohnevice with with
Instrument Transformers (a.k.a. sensors) and their transformer FITforemer REG The distributio
transformer FITforemer REG (Paper 0143)
implications from the perspective of safety, installation Setting of the transformer because of the
procedures, accuracy, standardisation, interoperability etc. sources install
Values for the voltage limits for slow and fast switch- additionally als
The paper presents the key learnings from several small over can be entered as parameter. For example the each phase in L
voltage value on the output of the transformer can be set regulated trans
in range from 208 V to 252 V. If the transformer is set regulate under
according to the Fig. 4 and the voltage increases slow the developed and
CIRED2015 Session 3: Session Operation, Control and Protection value of 236 + (0.6*3.44*2.3) = 240.7 V for Page 10time
a longer / 28 metering appro
then 600 s (without decreasing of this value) then the tap by installed sm
goes down and the voltage decreases about delivered to su
3.44*2.3=7.9V, when 230 V is the nominal grid voltage evaluates delive
 the scope of the French smart grid demonstrator restru
GreenLys, and in order to limit these variations, an poten
OLTC (On Load Tap Changer) has been experimented in
a secondary substation in Lyon since November 2015. It EXP
has been associated through PLC (Power Line
CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017 Green
Communication) with several voltage sensors wisely
Ened
placed on the LV network to get a precise vision of the
(Fren
voltage on the network fed by the transformer.
Energy storage can be an alternative to traditional frame
conventional power system reinforcements. Paper 0481 over
This paper
Another describes
UPGRID the voltage regulation
demonstration is shown ininfrastructure
paper 0966.
presents two control algorithms used with an energy storage in Ly
implemented and its main outcomes.
This paper describes a practical demonstration of low and
device deployed as part of New Thames Valley Vision exper
medium voltage network monitoring through information 2015.
Project. The two algorithms are aimed at equalising phase INTRODUCTION
exchange between metering, SCADA and network distri
loading with correction of power factor and providing
information
The Frenchsystems to increase
Low Voltage observability
(LV) of the
Distribution network
Networks, MV/L
voltage support with an algorithm for active and reactive
for operators, and provide more information
operated by Enedis (ex ERDF), supplies 35 million LV for network low
power control.
planners.
customersPractical
through experiences
750 000 MV/LV and recommendations
transformers. for [1].
Due to the increasing number of decentralized generation it secondary substation retrofitting are provided based on 18
is important to manage the infeed of units. Paper 0490 from installations
The significantof remote
increaseterminal units, fault
of distributed locators andinline
generations the
UK shows an active network management system for low sensors in 10/0.4
LV network kV secondarythe
is intensifying substations (see fig. 11).
voltage variations with TEC
voltage networks. The system has successfully connected voltage field
rise test
due hasto been
generation/consumption unbalance IMP
Another done in the Netherlands. Paper
200kW of renewable generation whilst maintaining network during intermittent production.
1026 of the University Eindhoven describes a real field
voltages within statutory limits. Furthermore, theof development of changer
new usages Infra
implementation an on-load tap basedsuchsmartas
Unsymmetrical conditions a typical for low voltage electric vehicle or demand response may
solution in a rural Slovenian LV network. The field trailincrease the 7 sen
connections of decentral small generation. Paper 0599 consumption
revealed peaks and hence,
that redundancy lead to
and cyber a potential
security are theincrease
main to cap
proposes a hybrid voltage control regulator to control each of these voltage
concerns for DSO. variations (with potential transit issues as transf
phase separately. Numerical simulations that validate the well).
proposed method are shown in this paper. The
funct
The large potential of smart meters for wide area voltage locall
control is demonstrated in paper 0678 from Japan. The autom
selection method of representative smart meters and voltage super
control utilizing smart meters is studied, and the Regio
performance of the voltage control is evaluated. possi
secon
From Greece and Denmark paper 0686 investigated the loss
comb
of inertia or implementation of synthetic inertia taking into
subst
account that electric vehicles can be used to provide the fast
regulation services. The paper evaluates and experimentally
shows the capability and limits of EVs in providing Fig.Figure 1 : schematic
12: Schematic drawing
drawing of networks
of network operated
operated by
by Enedis
Enedis
synthetic inertia services. 24 International Conference on Electricity
th Distribution
(Paper 1060) Glasgow, 12-15 June 2017
Paper 0792 from Poland shows the management and control The paper 1060 also shows an implementation.Paper In the 0966
scope
of LV networks of the UPGRID project. The UPGRID of the French smart grid demonstrator GreenLys, and in
project intends to develop and demonstrate a new level of CIREDto2017
order limit voltage variations, an on-load tap changer has
monitoring and control for the MV and LV grids that is been experimented in a secondary substation in Lyon since
Within Upgrid two equipment solutions attempted to Indication of which meters present more power
essential to leverage a smooth integration of DER and November 2015.
quality It hasand
issues, been associated
statistics through
about themPower
(e.g. Line
time
optimise the installation effort; namely Schneider Electric
engage endwireless
by use of user toLV
participate in the
sensors and GE new power
through system
Rogowski
Communication
that the customers have been without power). placed
with several voltage sensors wisely
operation paradigm.
coils connected directly to RTU, as shown in Figure 6. on the LV network to get a precise vision of the voltage on
the network fed by the transformer (see fig. 12).
Smart City Demo Aspern is a demonstrateon smart grid
infrastructure in Vienna. The Austrian authors of paper
1080 prensents an approach of smart grid application and
shows the interaction and first application results and field
experiences. The main focus of the paper is plug-and-play
application and its benefits. It describes several applications
used in Aspern in detail.
The step from network operation to the consumer is covered
by paper81192
Figure from UK. This
Comparison paper highlights
of aggregated the impact
end-user of
meter
smart building within heavily utilized networks.
values and secondary substation measurements The impact
of demand-side response is shown by integrating 10 city
centrePresentation
building of this
of year’s
eventsCIRED
along hosting
secondarycitysubstation
Glasgow.
For building that demand-side
measurements. response
For instance, was
a chart implemented,
representing the
amount load
grid relevant of sag/swell events
reductions that of
of 20& arecontrollable
reported against
load
Figure 6 RTUs with wireless LV sensors and snap-on the measured voltage profiles. The objective is to
were seen.
Fig. 11: RTUs
Rogowski coils with wireless LV sensors and snap-on analyse the effect of the voltage in the secondary
Rogowski coils (Paper 0966) substation in producing sag/swell meter events.
Line sensors
SCADA with LV Network Management System
Similar requirements apply
The GE LV NMS system brings together information
CIRED2015
for the lineSession
sensors3: Session
mountedOperation, Control and Protection Page 11 / 28
from the Metering System, from the LV SCADA
directly on the overhead line.
indications, and from the MV DMS system. This is
A base station is mounted on
dynamically presented using alarms, events and
an adjacent pole and
CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

A control system for microgrids is presented in paper 1220 identifying operator tasks into the supervision of a highly
from UK and France. This paper introduces a perspective automated power system, and the information requirements
on automated control systems applied in a microgrid. to facilitate appropriate operator situation awareness.

Sub block “SCADA/Distribution Management Systems”

16 papers cover the topic SCADA & Distribution
Management systems. In this field five paper presenting
results of the ELECTRA IPR. A second topics is self-
healing.
The first paper of the CIRED conference 2017 (paper 0001)
from Austria introduces an Integrated Grid Management
System using a SCADA-approach including the high-,
medium- and low-voltage level to further optimize the
workflow for distribution grid operation. It deals with the
new challenges and possibilities of a fully centralized grid
operation system using digital data from various sources
such as SAP, Workforce Management, Geographical
Information Systems, Meter Data Management and
customer applications.
“Data analytics for automated fault diagnosis and
prognosis” is the topic of paper 0262. This paper details the
design and development of an automated decision support
system for fault diagnosis and prognosis, which can detect
and diagnose evolving faults by analysing PMAR data and
corresponding SCADA alarm data.
Paper 0301 form Germany and Belgium and explains the
using of synchrophasors in distribution networks for
synchronized switching. The paper shows the results of a
pilot phase in Brussels has been shown.
Reports of real implementation and testing is one major
interest of CIRED conference and paper 0379 covers this by
an implementation of decentralized grid operation. The
group of German, French, British and Spanish authors show
a field test of one of the main demonstrators in the EU-
funded project DREAM.
The Portugese authors of paper 0397 presents smart
SCADA data analysis tools and the benefits in grid
operation as it simplifies dispatching centres activities. Fig. 13: Geographical distribution of lightning strikes
These tools also come in handy to identify problems such as
over one week on Spring overlap with the HV network
circuit breakers failures or protection relays malfunctions in
a much easier and automatic way, thus, helping to assess the representation (Paper 0397)
reliability of the protection system with direct impact on
grid operation.
Paper 0484 from Austria Belgium, Italy, Spain and UK The future requirements for control center is also a topic in
describes a decentralized control scheme for reserves the ELECTRA IPR project. Paper 0772 outlines an
activations in the future (2030+) power system. The overview of the requirements for control rooms. The roles
proposed Web-of-Cells concept has been developed within and activities in the future control centres will evolve with
the European ELECTRA Integrated Research Programme respect to the switching, dispatching and restoration
on smart grids. This paper shows a detail overview about functions currently active. The control centre operators will
the web-of-cells concepts. supervise on the power system and intervene - when
necessary - thanks to the maturation and wide scale
Web-of-Cells is also the main focus of paper 0613. The deployment of flexible controls.
authors analyse the operator point of view of the Web-of-
Cells concept defined in the EU project ELECTRA, by

CIRED2015 Session 3: Session Operation, Control and Protection Page 12 / 28

CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Operating power systems is an extremely challenging task, infrastructure, widely based on standards introduction (IEC
not least because power systems have become highly 61850-61968) - while highlighting their limitations and their
interconnected, as well as the range of network issues that necessary evolutions to cover the Smart Grids emerging
can occur. It is therefore a necessity to develop decision needs.
support systems and visualisation that can effectively
E-distributione of ENEL group is presenting improvements
support the human operators for decision- making in the
of MV grid control, remote operations and reliability
complex and dynamic environment of future highly
through advanced TLC network and SCADA architecture in
automated power system. Paper 1107 aims to investigate the
paper 1341. The paper shows that DSO’s networks play a
decision support functions associated with frequency
leading role in data acquisition, integration and processing
deviation events for the proposed web-of-cells concept.
to manage energy flows, automatic grid configuration,
Another paper about the result of the ELECTRA project ist renewable DG dispatching and power losses optimization.
paper 1363. This work is focused on short-term frequency
behaviour and it is part of the ELECTRA IRP European
Project studies on novel observability and control concepts
for future power systems characterized by high levels of
generation from Renewable Energy Sources (RES).

Self-Healing is not only an automation function it has also

to be considered in the control centers. The Indian paper
0923 describes the impact of self-heal in Tata Power
distribution grids and the experience of more than one years
implementation.
The Brazilian paper 0945 introduces an alarm processing
without using any connectivity information of the substation
electrical network. In order to do so, timestamp and location
readily defines specific alarm patterns. The fast alarm
processing allows fast recognition of the most important
events in a substation: typically, more than 70% of the
alarms belong to the three groups presented in this paper.
Greece authors of paper 1014 presenting the consideration
of a modernization of existing SCADA system. Especially Fig. 14: Grid Area Subdivision, Server Farms, MCR and
the modernization of information and communication
SCR (Paper 1341)
technology is in the main focus of this paper. The paper
presents the current state of the most important ICT
systemsof the DSO, in an attempt to point out the diversity
and complexity of the ICT infrastructure of such a large Sub block “Communication”
organization, and, then, it proposes the implementation of
The sub block Communications is presented by 9 papers.
the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) approach.
Most of the paper cover the questions about performance
Operating power systems is an extremely challenging task, and cyber security. One paper shows the needs for
not least because power systems have become highly monitoring the system. In all cases the papers show the
interconnected, as well as the range of network issues that results of field test.
can occur. It is therefore a necessity to develop decision
support systems and visualisation that can effectively
support the human operators for decision- making in the
complex and dynamic environment of future highly
automated power system. Paper 1107 aims to investigate the
decision support functions associated with frequency
deviation events for the proposed web-of-cells concept.
The French paper 1169 is presenting intelligent network
assets supervision and control. It describes the renovation
project – so called herafter i3C as intelligent Control,
Command Coordination project - in all its aspects from
initial genesis to the actual status of prototypes. It fully
addresses the emergence of a “Management System “

CIRED2015 Session 3: Session Operation, Control and Protection Page 13 / 28

CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Fig. 16: Expansion strategy for next years. Private local

communications and one automation server per city (paper
0183)

Paper 0302 discuss the PLC communication for smart meter

integration. The Japanese authors show there experience of
the past 9 years with an installed base of 7 million smart
meters.
An aspect with increasing importance for communication
concepts is the cyber security. Paper 0980 discusses
alternative fault location, isolation and system restoration
placements in terms of cyber security . the paper compares
centralized, decentralized and local self-healing
configurations.
Fig. 15: MV G3-PLC communication profile (paper 0081)
Also paper 1028 covers the cyber security topic. The
authors from the Netherlands discuss requirements for
The French paper 0081 shows an experimental project. The RTUs with much better security compared to tenders in the
authors committed their expertise to solve the technical past. The paper also shows minimum requirements,
challenges inherent to the project’s aim: develop a full IPv6 awarding criteria and recommended assurance and explain
G3-PLC telecommunication infrastructure covering both the use of new requirements in an example project.
medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) grids to Another paper that covers the cyber security is paper 1328
support smart grid and smart metering use cases. Different from France. This paper describes the perspectives for the
specific to heterogeneous use cases related to MV and LV design of distribution automation architecture and devices
smart grid, smart metering and telecommunications addressing the cyber security aspect of the modern grid.
management are carried over a same G3-PLC-based multi-
service telecommunication infrastructure.
Paper 0167 gives an overview of remote management and
its practice. This paper focuses on the opportunities which
are based on adaption of IP based telecommunication
protocols IEC 60870-5-104 and IEC 61850.
Another field test is presented by Brazilian authors. Paper
0183 is about the ELEKTRO pilot project. The target of
this project is to reduce local SAIDI (System Average
Interruption Duration Index) with a new concept of grid
automation. By the end of 2016, a total of 163 systems were
in operation within a park of 1660 telecontrolled reclosers
inside operational area, with an amount of 90% of this
equipment communicating by GPRS to the Operational
Center. Based on the results the DSO developed an
expansion strategy with local automation server and one
operational center. The ICT infrastructure will be changed Fig. 17: Increased variety of interfaces & data flows (paper
from GPRS to private fiber or licensed radio. 1328)

The Chinese paper 1032 discusses the reliability and

security of wireless communication. Within this paper the
performance of different wireless technologies have been
analysed and the reliability evaluation and security
protection in this paper offer quantified investigation on the
technical suitability and introduce security enhancement
measures, thus providing suggestions for the safe and secure
application of wireless network in power distribution
network.

CIRED2015 Session 3: Session Operation, Control and Protection Page 14 / 28

CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Paper 1170 from Slovenia describes an innovative method

of ICT network infrastructure monitoring for vital network
services. The paper coves the concept and use cases taken
from existing DSO environment. Monitoring of
communication infrastructure is getting more important due
to the increasing need of information for network operation.

Sub block “Islanding”

Five papers have been selected for sub block islanding.
Compare to the previous CIRED conferences the aspect of
recognizing islanded grid seems not to be important any
more. All islanding papers cover the operation of islanded
grids.
In paper 0248, a fractional-order PID controller is
Fig. 18: Ivana K platform photographed from Ivana A Also
implemented for frequency deviation control of a proposed
problem could represent switching of large loads
hybrid fractional-order power generation and energy storage
(asynchronous motor driven pumps) due to governor and/or
system. This control strategy is designed based on
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) misfunctions (paper
coordination control of fractional-order fuel cell and
1279)
supercapacitor bank models in a hybrid renewable energy
system with stand-alone application.
Results of a field test are described in paper 0312. The A completely different area is shown in paper 1279. This
authors investigated an islanded grid regarding its frequency paper describes the power supply of an island, an off-shore
stability. The research methodology of the research project gas platform. This platform is supply by three gas motors
LINDA is based on a transient simulation model of an and in case of emergency two diesel generator sets are
exemplary grid section in southern Germany and staggered available. Selected system consists a power management
field trials. The tests are used to proof the concept in a real IED with remote I/O and measuring devices deployed
grid and collect data for optimization of the transient throughout the power system. System relies on IEC 61850
simulation model. The test pat was a drinking water supply GOOSE communication for fast and accurate data
facility. The paper show that simulation not always reflect exchange. In the paper, the process of the system selection
the network behavior in reality. and implementation has presented and described according
to the conducted procedure.
Paper 0416 from USA describes applications for micro-
PMU technology that address emerging issues in the
distribution system due to stresses from dependencies on
Sub block ”IEC 61850”
high DER penetration and microgrids. Lessons from the
deployment of micro-PMU technology at a major utility and For sub block IEC61850 eight paper have been selected.
microgrid are shared in the paper, offering opportunities for
Paper 0057 describes rules driven project specifications.
enhanced analytics to inform command and control methods
The IEC 61850 series of standards has become the choice
to manage the impact of these dependencies on events in
of standard to build power utility automation systems. With
distribution networks.
the use of standard file format exchange during the
Paper 0781 shows a concept for Microgrid operation. With engineering process, the definition of information models,
the concept of modular grids a decentralized operation of services and mapping them over a standard communication
subgrids is achievable by the use of a power electronic grid interface, the vision of a truly multi-vendor power utility
interconnector. Paper 0781 shows a novel approach for an automation solution has been made possible
islanded operation of MGs to supply customers with energy
Routable GOOSE message is covered by paper 0494. The
during large-scale blackouts of the upstream grid. The case
expansion of IEC 61850 outside of the substation is the next
is based on a grid-supporting energy storage system. Within
step in the evolution of the standard that improves its
the paper, values for storage capacity and state of charge are
functionality in order to better serve the Smart Grid. The
defined for general use.
paper discusses the definition of a routable GOOSE
message, the differences with the conventional GOOSE and
its applications for distribution automation and protection
systems.
In Paper 495 the same author discusses the impact of IEC
61850 Edition 2. Edition 2 of IEC 61850 is the next step in

CIRED2015 Session 3: Session Operation, Control and Protection Page 15 / 28

 Furthermore, the mesh connected topology is precluded, the field. The redundant process bus includes the
as a result of a higher management and installation effort connection of the circuit breaker, the necessary
compared to the other structures. With regard to the IEC measuring devices and the protection functionality.
61869-9 and the application in substations, the ring
The engineering methods described in IEC 61850 are
Ctopology
I R Eoffers D an insufficient number of Conference
24th International
merging units (see „Requirements for the process
connectable on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017
applicable and lead to a continuous documentation in
connection“). Another exclusion criterion for this station bus and process bus up to the IPC.
topology is the fact that an insufficient amount of devices
the evolution
with of the standard
two network interfacesthat improvesatitsthe
is available functionality
moment.
in order to better serve the Smart Grid. The paper discusses
General
the changesdescription
in the object of the concept
modelling of multifunctional
distribution
A field-based protection IEDs and
star-connected processhowbus they improveand
is defined thea
fiber optic
efficiency of cable is chosen
engineering andasmaintenance
the connecting medium on
of distribution
the process
protection and level,
controlassystems.
it offers flexibility and a simple
structure.
Concerning the realization of innovative solutions for the
distribution grid, it is not
The communication only essential
protocols that new systemis
and the documentation
functions, business cases or methodologies,
based on the IEC 61850. This ensures a standard etc.overall
are
developed and proven
documentation and a useful,
continuous but also
datathat communication
model. The selected
standards
structureshall be extended
allows 24toth International
the extension meet new Conference
andrequirements.
replacementThe onofElectricity Distribution Glasgow, 12-15 June 2017
BMWi-funded
different devices project
and “Green
functions. Access” has analyzed which Figure 3: future process connection for old substations
new functions could be adopted from standardization bodies Fig. 20: Future Process connection for old Paper 0961
substations
forFurthermore,
extending thethe communication
concept realizes standard theIEC 61850. In
n‒1-rule by (paper
This 0968)
structure allows a staggered conversion to the
paper 0798, project-related
establishing a second process use casesbus arewithintroduced
the necessaryand intelligent substation. Within this process bus structure,
protection
analyzed functions
regarding theirand connections.
semantics, While the
which currently first
cannot new Testing
Panel functions and devices can be integrated with less
The
be busbarbus
process
properly earthing
uses switch
modeled IECinterlocking
ainprotection61850.and control scheme device,
drives thethe effort 1036
Paper thandescribes
in the thecurrent system.
Integrated Still,andit Protection
Control may be
Switchgear status
electromechanical
second process bus coil only
withinrelies
the manual operation device
on a protection device. necessary
System to
from make
the adjustments
Windyhill 132to the
kV I/O-systems
substation ofor the
to
The installation and wiring works within the low voltage
Paper
the 0961
ofDuring from
earthing Finland
switch. Oncediscusses
the coil the
is factors
energized,
normal operation the device in the first process related
it willto use additional
Scottish Power stand-alone
EN merging
substation units.
network.
compartment has been finalized. The compartment is
testing
enable and
the commissioning
manual closing works operationof protection
of the switch.and control
Two ready
Paperfor1190paneldescribes
testing. how IEC 61850-9-2 together with
systems
conditionsonarea primary
set for the distribution
interlockingsubstation in caseallof
scheme. Firstly,
traditional
circuit or fully digitalized “Test” (withdrawn
application. With practical non- conventional measuring devices can be used in
CIREDbreaker
2017 trucks have to in from Target of the testingapplication to improve the overall 3/5
service position but still within the cubicle)
approach to the issue, differences in the actual testing works before the synchro- check
During this testing phase the wiring between the protection
closing of
between thetwo
the busbar earthing
scenarios switch
during is enabled.
different test Secondly,
phases are performance and functionality of the protection and control
relay and other devices within the panel are tested. Target
once the earthing
presented. The paper switch is closed
considers moving of the
the implication circuit
of the new system in digital medium voltage switchgear. In this paper
is to confirm that the wiring in low voltage compartment
breaker trucks
technology is disabled.
to testing aspect (fig. 19) the authors have introduced how synchro-check control
has been done according to the design.
application can be used in an efficient way in Digital
Switchgear
Testing method for in
medium voltageswitchgear
conventional primary substations with
modern technologies. Digital Switchgear
Basic conductivity testing equipment like a “beeper” takes advantage
or a
multi-meter. With some protection relays alsothus
from IEC 61850 by fully using all services and moving
specific
as much
testing as possible
facilities data toexchanges
are provided verify the tobinarydigital
communication
connections to andbus.from the relay. At this point the
switchgear’s primary circuitry is not available yet, thus
analogue connections to the measurement transformers
cannot be verified.

Testing method in digital switchgear

As the analogue connections are not yet available and the
communication network components are not energized,
there is no additional testing related to digital connections
in this phase. IEC 61850 station bus is not available.
Panel Line-up Testing
Switchgear status
Complete switchgear panels are placed in a row and
Figure
Fig. 19:3.Reference
Referenceapplication
application with
with busbus voltage
voltage sharing
sharing and secondary wiring connections between the panels (bus
and interlocking using hard-wired signals.
interlocking using hard-wired signals (paper 0961) wires) are in place. The primary circuitry is complete per
each panel, but typically the primary busbar connectors
between the panels are not installed. Auxiliary power for
DIFFERENT
Paper PHASES
0968 discusses IN TESTING
different approaches that were
the secondary circuits is connected and the relays are fully
programmed. Ethernet station bus in switchgear is up and
developed in order to face the aforementioned challenges, running.
To better
while facilitate
meeting discussion
present and on the paper’s
future topic, the
expectations and
different testing phases have been divided into five; panel
requirements (see fig. 20). Furthermore, it describes a field- Target of the testing
testing, panel line-up testing, pre-commissioning testing,
based star-topology process bus with different hardware During the testing the analogue circuitry within the panel,
commissioning testing and periodical testing. Very
approaches.
commonly used Thetermscontribution of this
in this context are paper is the
also Factory as well as between the panels, is tested. Correct phasing
implementation of the IEC 61850 process bus.
Acceptance Testing (FAT) and Site Acceptance Testing In addition, and ratio of the measurement transformers is verified along
it(SAT).
offers Typically
further insights
testinginto the time
activities synchronization
under terms FAT and and with the connected protection core performance data. The
network utilization.
SAT contain certain level of commercial contractual mechanical operation of the busbar earthing switch
drivers, like certain percentage of the total contract amount together with its’ electrical interlocking coil circuitry is
is payable after successful passing of defined acceptance checked. The mechanical operation of the circuit breaker
tests. The listed acceptance tests greatly vary from case to truck together with its’ electrical interlocking circuitry is
CIRED2015 Session
case and might, or 3: Session
might not, Operation, Control andrelevant
include technically Protection checked. Page 16 / 28
ones. The approach of this paper is purely technical and
therefore terms FAT and SAT are not referred to [3]. After the basic circuitry and mechanical functionality
testing is performed, the scheme testing can start. During
The following discussion is limited to the above mentioned
CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Table 2: Papers of Block 2 “Control” assigned to the Session 3

Paper No. Title MS MS RIF PS
a.m. p.m.
Low-Voltage Automation
X
0143 Smart Substation MV/LV
Online Control Algorithm for Sub-half-hourly Operation of LV-connected X
0481 Energy Storage Device owned by DNO
X
0490 Active Management of Generation in Low Voltage Networks
Development of Individual Control Method for Hybrid Voltage X
0599 Regulator(HVR)
Electric Vehicles and Low Voltage Grid: Impact of Uncontrolled Demand Side X
0651 Response
ADMS4LV - Advanced Distribution Management System for Active X
0663 Management of LV Grids
X
0678 Distribution voltage Monitoring and Control utilizing Smart meters
Implementation and Validation of Synthetic Inertia Support Employing a X
0686 Series-Produced Electric Vehicles
X
0792 UPGRID Project - the management and control of LV network
Enhanced LV Supervision by combining Data from Meters, Secondary X
0966 Substations measurements and MV SCADA
Coordinated Voltage Control in LV Grid with Solar PVs: Development, X
1026 Verification and Field Trial
Experimentation of voltage regulation infrastructure on LV network using an X
1060 OLTC with a PLC communication system
Interaction of Smart Grid Applications supporting Plug&Automate for X
1080 intelligent secondary substations
X
1192 Smart Building Potential Within Heavily Utilised Networks
X
1220 On GE Automated MicroGrid Control System
Medium-Voltage Automation
X
0074 Multi-Agent System Design for Automation of a Cluster of Microgrids
Field Demonstration and Evaluation of Centralized Voltage Control System for X
0150 Distribution Network
Pilot Project using Curtailment to Increase the Renewable Energy Share on the X
0151 Distribution Network
Voltage Stability Monitoring Methods for Distribution Grids Using the X
0297 Thevenin Impedance
Fast Self-Healing Control of Faults in MV Networks Using Distributed X
0511 Intelligence
X
0538 Interaction of MV- and LV- Automation Systems for a Smart Distribution Grid
Decentralized voltage control coordination between renewable generation X
0554 plants in MV distribution grids
X
0615 Controllability, Measurement and Analytic Nodes in Distribution for DER
ELECTRA IRP voltage control strategy for enhancing power system stability in X
0749 future grid architectures
Implementation of Fuzzy Logic for Mitigating Conflicts of Frequency X
0788 Containment Control
X
0883 Smart Fault Handling in Medium Voltage Distribution Grids

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Paper No. Title MS MS RIF PS

a.m. p.m.
Medium -Voltage Automation
State Forecasting in Smart Distribution Grids: A Modular Approach using X
0904 CARMA-Algorithm
Real-time, Centralised Voltage Control in 33kV and 11kV Electricity X
0914 Distribution Networks
X
0946 Operation and Performance of a Medium Voltage DC Link
A New Approach For On-load Tap-changer Control Based On Intelligent X
0948 Voltage Stability Margin Estimation By Using Local Measurements
Low Power Instrument Transformer based MV automation: Lessons learned X
1057 and future applications
SCADA / Distribution Management Systems
X
0001 Integrated Distribution Grid Management System
Decision Support for Distribution Automation: Data Analytics for Automated X
0262 Fault Diagnosis and Prognosis
X
0301 Using Synchrophasors in Distribution Networks for synchronized switching
From Simulation to Reality - Testing Today a Decentral Grid Operation of the X
0379 Future
X
0397 Improving Smart SCADA Data Analysis with Alternative Data Sources
The Grid of the Future and the Need for a Decentralized Control Architecture: X
0484 The ELECTRA Web-Of-Cells Concept
The scenario-based approach adopted in the ELECTRA project for deriving X
0613 innovative control room functionality
X
0641 Enel – Endesa SCADA – ADMS convergence assessment methodology
Requirements for future control room and visualization features in the Web-of- X
0772 Cells framework defined in the ELECTRA project
X
0923 Decentralized Control through Self Healing Grids.
X
0945 Fast alarm processing without connectivity information
Towards the modernization of the SCADA Systems of the Hellenic Electricity X
1014 Distribution Network Operator – Considerations and Steps Forward
Supporting Control Room Operators in Highly Automated Future Power X
1107 Networks
X
1169 Intelligent Network Assets Supervision and Control in Enedis
Improving MV grid control, remote operations and reliability through X
1341 advanced TLC network and SCADA architecture.
X
1363 Mitigating Power System Inertia ...

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Paper No. Title MS MS RIF PS

a.m. p.m.
Communication
An Innovative Solution Sustaining SCADA-to-Remote Terminal Unit G3-PLC X
0081 Connectivity over Dynamic Grid Topologies
X
0167 Remote Management in Elektrilevi OÜ
X
0183 AIR - Intelligent Grid Automation
X
0302 Development of PLC system with large capacity and high reliability
X
0980 Cyber Security Considerations for Self-healing Smart Grid Networks
Technology Independent Security requirements for successful procurement of X
1028 RTUs to geht acceptable Risk Levels at DSOs
X
1032 Evaluating the reliability and Security of Power Distribution Wireless Network
X
1170 Service quality assurance in the IP networks for Smart Grids
Cyber security aspects to design the distribution automation devices for the X
1328 modern grid
Islanding
Fractional-Order PID Controller Design of Frequency Deviation in a Hybrid X
0248 Renewable Energy Generation and Storage System
X
0312 Determination of Load Frequency Dependence in Island Power Supply
X
0416 Data Driven Approach for Monitoring ...
X
0781 Islanded Operation of Modular Grids
X
1279 Power Management System Implementation on Off-shore Gas Platforms
IEC 61850
Rules Driven Project Specifications in the Context of IEC 61850 Basic X
0057 Application Profiles
X
0494 R-GOOSE - What It Is And Its Application In Distribution Automation
Impact Of IEC 61850 Edition 2 On The Object Modeling Of Distribution X
0495 Protection IEDs
X
0798 Use Case-driven innovation for IEC 61850 modeling
Comparison of Testing and Commissioning Activities in Traditional and X
0961 Digitized Substation Protection and Control Systems
X
0968 Realisation of an intelligent and continuous Connection in substations
X
1036 IEC-61850 Control System at ST Windyhill Scotland
X
1190 Synchro-check in Digital Switchgear

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Block 3: “Protection” demonstrate the practicality of the new technique. The

results show that the system can achieve accurate faulted
In the “Protection” block 48 papers are discussed covering section location and will be promoted for large-scale
contemporary and unresolved issues. Very actual and application.
interesting is the discussion about islanding protection, how Paper 0564 from Austria shows why the earth fault
to detect islanding and the ROCOF Function. There are detection method based on 3rd harmonic works in large
some theoretical considerations as well as practical tests and meshed 110kV networks. In the 110-kV-network the contact
applications in this block. of Over-Head-Line (OHL) to meadow is one of the most
common causes of earth-faults.
Sub block “Fault Location / Earth Fault”
In this sub block we discuss several kinds of faults in
distribution networks. The big challenge is how to detect
faults and automatically detect the faulty points in the grid.
New optimized algorithms and strategies combined with
established technical applications are presented in the
following 18 papers. Fig. 21: Overhead line on meadow
Paper 0007 from Iran presents a new fault location method Field tests have shown that overhead lines falling on
for an asymmetrical and unbalanced distribution feeder in meadows cannot be represented as constant linear
the presence of distributed generations (DGs). The Artificial impedance in the range of some 100 Ω. In this paper it was
Neural Network (ANN) was studied and tested in a shown, that the 3rd harmonic is dramatically increasing
modified version of IEEE 34-bus test feeder with two fixed during a single-line-earthfault (Fig. 22), especially if an
speed wind generators. The ANN could estimate correctly OHL is falling on a meadow.
the distance of fault location to the substation using global
inputs. For detecting exact fault location in different
branches of distribution feeder, several other ANNs were
applied for estimation of fault distance to the
interconnection of DGs.
A new method detecting high-impedance faults (HIFs),
typically with fault resistances between 10kΩ and 100kΩ, is
presented in paper 0308 from Finland. Depending on the
grounding type, HIF detection is based on the use of zero
sequence current Io or negative sequence current I2 and
doesn’t need voltage measurement. Based on the
simulations with different grounding practices and field data
test results, the proposed method seems to be very
promising for detecting also very challenging HIF cases.
Effect of distributed generation (DG) on I2 values was also
studied in simulations. Fig. 22: Measured phase to earth voltage at the bus bar
Paper 0382 from France presents a new solution for the during earth fault
phase to earth fault directional detection used in Fault
Passage Indicators (FPI). The solution is based on several Paper 0565 from China is presenting a high-impedance fault
low power voltage sensors using capacitor on bushing or on (HIF) detection technology based on transient information
head cable or resistive sensors. The principle of the phase in a resonant grounding system. A novel HIF detection
directional detection remains on the conventional principle method based on the comparison of the magnitude and
of protection relays (ANSI 67). The main algorithm polarity of the transient zero-sequence current’s projection
improvement concerns the earth fault directional detection coefficient is proposed. The accuracy of the proposed
(ANSI67N), well adapted to low cost sensors and without method is verified by simulations and field data.
setting depending on distribution network characteristics. Paper 0622 from France presents an earth fault location
Paper 0524 from China focuses on the analysis and algorithm based on optimization approach, which is
improvement of the Fault Section Location (FSL) developed for MV distribution networks with resistance-
technology on the algorithm level and to make algorithm earthed neutral. The objective function is written based on
more suitable for engineering practice. The system is relation between voltage and current measurements at
designed to upgrade the Distribution Automation (DA) substation, line parameters, fault distance and fault
platform which is already built to avoid expensive re- resistance. The optimization process is performed with
development. The paper establishes a trial network in MATLAB Optimization Toolbox that gives values to the
Xiamen, Fujian Province, China to comprehensively last two variables. In 93.2% of test cases, the proposed

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

algorithm is able to identify correctly the real faulty section. directional earth-fault protection taking into account the
It should be noted that in the fault location process the measurement errors is given.
impacts of DG is not to neglect. The further development of a project to locate OHL (Over-
Paper 0759 from Germany presents a new approach for Head-Line) faults through the detection of radiated
localizing ground faults, using transients in the currents and electromagnetic noise has been described in paper 0890
voltages. Our approach is based on the double sided from the UK. Propagations tests have indicated that the arc
estimation of the transient voltage at an unknown ground induced radiation may be detected at distances up to 5 km.
fault location. It is assumed that the calculated transient A trial system involving 4 receiving stations (Fig. 24) has
profile from both sides of the line is comparable for a been installed on a SP Energy Networks (SPEN) OHL
known fault location. For better accuracy, an existing higher network in the Edinburgh region. The maximum distance
frequency spectrum is used, and through that, redundant between the stations is ~4 km. The trial has revealed several
information from each existing frequency is extracted. The problematic issues in the operation of the system that have
precise idea, accuracy analysis, as well as further relevant now been resolved.
benefits of our method will be thoroughly described in the
paper.
Paper 0817 from the Czech Republic is focused on
evaluation of different types of prototypes of automatics for
additional faulted phase earthing (FPE), which are used for
earth fault current reduction in resonant earthed distribution
network. Three prototypes of these automatics have been
installed in Czech distribution network (Fig. 23), the first
one utilizes direct connection of faulty phase to earthing
system of supply substation, the second one utilizes
connection through resistor and the last one through reactor.
The contribution is mainly focused on detail analysis of
operational differences of these types of FPE systems based
on case study of compensated distribution network. The
main aim is to specify and describe benefits and
disadvantages of individual FPE applications. The results
could be used for evaluation of best solution of FPE
application which could be chosen for an earth fault current
reduction in compensated distribution network.

Fig. 24: Receiving station 1 mounted on OHL pole

Paper 0955 from Brazil discusses a new methodology for

restoration of overhead distribution networks based on the
application of temporary fault indicators. Unlike the
traditional fault indicators, these are installed on the
network only after the occurrence of the fault. Placed in key
Fig. 23: Considered FPE application design (Type 1-4), points of the network after the disconnection of a feeder, for
1. earth fault, 2. auxiliary resistor of arc- example, the temporary fault indicators can sense the fault
suppression coil, 3. FPE automatic current after the first manual reclosing attempt. Then, they
send this information to a portable operation unit that helps
In paper 0862 from Finland the importance of residual to pinpoint the faulty branch of the network by showing the
current measurement accuracy on earth-fault protection fault´s path in a map.
performance in compensated MV-networks is analyzed. Paper 0967 from Finland introduces a novel fault passage
First the fundamental theory of directional earth-fault indicator function and device for compensated MV-
protection is recalled. Then the factors affecting the networks. The operation is based on multi-frequency neutral
measuring errors of a Core Balance Current Transformer admittance measurement together with a cumulative phasor
(CBCT) are described. Finally a selection guideline of summing technique. With this methodology, high-level
CBCTs for residual current and neutral admittance-based requirements for indication sensitivity and selectivity can be

CIRED2015 Session 3: Session Operation, Control and Protection Page 21 / 28

CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

fulfilled during all types of earth faults that may be scheme based on line differential relays embedding earth
encountered in practical MV-networks. The performance of directional overcurrent blocking schemes that will still work
the first large-scale practical installation including several when used as open ring.
compact secondary substations and one pole-mounted load- Paper 0085 from Egypt presented optimal reclosing of
break switch with fault indicator devices was validated with circuit breakers for DG connected IEEE nine Bus system.
a comprehensive field test in an actual 20kV network. The optimal reclosing technique (ORT) is derived from the
Paper 1153 from the Netherlands presents the recent total load angles of the DGs. First the optimal reclosing
improvement on fault recognition and location process times are determined, and then the performance of the
implemented within the Dutch distribution system operator proposed reclosing method is compared with the
Alliander. Several issues from the practical situations are conventional reclosing technique.
addressed properly, including compatibility with the Paper 0184 from Croatia reports the issues related to over-
universal sensor data from different vendors, false voltages in low-voltage distribution networks characterized
recognition of fault and non-fault events, and inappropriate by high specific soil resistance. The novelty of the proposed
calculation moment for fault location. The fault recognition solution is in using the external neutral conductor as the
and location process is also integrated in a fully automated grounding electrode and neutral conductor. The validity of
DMS system, to further improve the process of fault the solution is verified via extensive in-situ measurements
restoring and reduce the outage duration. using surge generator simulating the waveform similar to
Paper 1205 from Spain describes an innovative and field actual lightning waveform. Measurements are performed
tested solution in order to remotely detect high impedance with and without neutral conductor from the cable, verifying
MV faults caused by broken conductors (and any MV open the proposed solution against classical parallel grounding
phase situation). Field experiences show how this solution electrodes.
optimizes MV grid operation, decreasing blackout times, In paper 0278 from Argentina the question is discussed,
improving customers’ perception and improving safety, as why the operation failure of High Breaking Capacity (HBC)
dangerous situations caused by faults in MV lines (loose fuses (Fig. 25) is so frequent? Real typical cases of incorrect
conductors over resistive ground, etc.) can be identified. selection are presented, pointing out the consequences and
In paper 1250 from Brazil is presented why RGE Sul risks. It is concluded that the only way to avoid errors in the
(Southern Brazilian Utility) moves from its regular network selection is by means of the deep knowledge of the
standard to a new concept of power distribution system and methodology of application of the HBC fuses.
why this company is changing to resonant grounding. The
Resonant Grounding Project represents an important step
forward in terms of Safety and Reliability, as presented
throughout this article. After the implementation of the
system in three substations, there were no serious accidents
involving their medium voltage networks. There was also a
significant reduction in the outages, since one of the main
reasons for these shutdowns were transient faults and flash-
overs on the insulators.
Paper 1355 from Germany presents an auxiliary fault
locating service based on traveling wave analysis. Thereby,
the main idea is to make use of the capacitive voltage
sensors that are installed by default in substations standard
for safety reasons. For simulation of fault generated
traveling waves a representative medium voltage power
system has been modelled in MATLAB/Simulink® with a
simulation step time of 0.05 μs. Simulated three phase
voltage sequence has been used as input for the
measurement equipment with the transfer functions H1 and
Fig. 25: Laboratory test of a low current operation failure
H2.
of an aged HBC fuse
Sub block “Applications”
Paper 0295 shows that there is a need for renewing earthing
In this sub block we received 14 papers with very different network design principles because at the moment, the
topics. The focus of the papers in this block is the practical connections between the secondary substations are not
test or the implementation of functions in real systems. systematically taken into account in the non-urban areas’
earthing design. Results shows that the resulting impedance
Paper 0019 from France answers the question “Open or was typically 50-80% lower than the secondary substations’
Closed Ring Networks”? The optimum is to operate individual earthing resistances. It means that there is great
sensitive power networks as closed ring protected by a potential for savings in the earthing network without risking

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

the safety. This paper brings out recommendations how the essential to deepen the knowledge of ESS behavior in
design and measurement principles could be developed and network fault conditions. The live short-circuit tests
which possible changes in the relevant standards. performed on the ESS were essential and proved the
Paper 0309 from Korea analyzed the change in fault current necessity to conduct real tests in addition to simulation in
and its direction according to the connection between order to achieve an adequate protection for the ESS and the
renewable energy (DG) and ESS (Energy Storage System). network. This allowed for the development of protection
For stable power supply, the KEPCO (Korea Electric Power guidelines for ESS. EDPD ESS uses a two group of settings:
Corporation) investigated fault current change in the present one group to use in grid connection mode; and the other to
one-way protective coordination system depending upon use in islanding mode.
two-way aspect, renewable energy discharge and ESS In paper 1160 from Greece, the adequacy of existing
charge/discharge action. Reference data are provided protection schemes in the Hellenic distribution system is
through the system to set the protective device values assessed, examining a representative MV network with
should be considered. particularly high DG penetration. The deficiency of the
In paper 0386 from Spain the technical details adopted for applied protection practices so far is thoroughly discussed
the design of the hardware and software of a System and justified by the obtained simulation results. Generally
Integrity Protection Scheme (SIPS) are reported. The applicable solutions are proposed, which can lead to
criteria applied for ensuring as far as possible security and significant upgrade of distribution protection.
dependability of operation of SIPS are described, and the Paper 1282 from Canada proposes integrated asset
operational results of the first eighteen months of operation performance monitoring and diagnosis, arc flash protection,
are reported also. The paper also presents the RTDS studies ambient environmental monitoring, simple and intuitive
of the power system, to validate the correctness of operation configuration, safer HMI communications, instantaneous
of SIPS which includes modelling process description and setting group change, etc. enhance overall safety and
the analysis tests results made in different power system provide reliable operation. Next generation digital
topology and power flow conditions. protection relays can be designed to further enhance asset
Paper 0736 from Germany shows, that a minimal effort performance monitoring, personnel safety, and reliability in
voltage based add-on protection concept for the islanded a distribution substation. Integrated features can be applied
mode of operation of the micro grid is feasible. Necessary as an enabler tool to further reduce damage to distribution
investments could be restricted by the help of a supporting substation assets, arc flash hazards/accidents, undetected
planning tool proving the feasibility of using a minimum hardware failures, human errors, etc.
effort add-on protection system. An according tool is Paper 1331 from Italy analyses the possible benefits
implemented as a proof of concept and is successfully associated with the disconnection of the cable’s shields at
applied to show feasibility in a real world Microgrid. the primary substation end, evaluating, throughout a
Potentials for further reducing safety margins and specifically designed algorithm, the average thermal stress,
complexity of the planning process by a more precisely as well as the life reduction, associated to a cross-country
defined grid building units’ fault behavior in islanded mode fault (CCF). This analysis is then further supported by a
become obvious. statistical evaluation that underlines the impact of the
Paper 0763 from France brings details about the different shield’s connection on the average number of CCF on the e-
settings used on the French grid, their advantages and distribuzione’s network.
drawbacks, and focuses on the benefits of the new setting
which reduce the risk on the interconnected transmission Sub block “Algorithms and Simulations”
grid stability while maintaining the distribution grid
16 papers are presenting new developed algorithms or
performance.
protection functions to solve challenges. Simulations are
Paper 0863 from the UK presents the need to provide new
confirming the stability and functionality as a prerequisite
equipment’s with different requirements and constraints has
for practical use. The ROCOF Function and islanding
pushed for the development of new transport networks
protection is very actually discussed.
configurations per the specification of a line differential
protection. This new smart concept will be a step forward
Paper 0192 from Iran presents a framework to design a
towards utilities moving to a reliable, cost effective and
protection system based on the commonly used Over
integrated protection relay to be implemented in any power
Current Relays (OCRs) and Unidirectional Fault Current
networks. As seen from the tests and results presented in the
Limiters (UFCLs). An UFCL is used as the interface
paper, we can conclude that this new solution is reliable
between the microgrid and the main distribution system.
(dependable & secure) to protect the most stringent
The PC design is tried to remain robust against changing the
networks. The validation uses real cases and commercially
connection mode of the DERs. The sum of primary and
available hardware, to determine the best settings and
backup operation times is considered as the objective
improve the efficiency in a line differential protection
function. OCRs’ type selection parameters, OCRs’ settings
compared with the existing products in the market.
and UFCL characteristics are the optimization variables. To
In Paper 1082 from Portugal is presented that the actions
ensure the full Protection Coordination (PC), different
undertaken by EDPD, Siemens and INESC ID were

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

constraints such as Coordination Time Interval (CTI) study, it was found that the NDZ of ROCOF thresholds are
constraint are also considered. The Grey Wolf Optimization smaller than the NDZ of narrow frequency thresholds,
(GWO) algorithm is applied to solve the optimization which confirms that ROCOF improve islanding detection.
problem. The NDZ surface reduction using ROCOF is meaningful,
Paper 0205 from Germany outlines a possibility to estimate although the exact value cannot be precisely estimated as it
the influence of these new dynamic effects on grid is directly dependent on the way the ROCOF is computed.
protection behavior in steady state calculation methods. The latter observation emphasizes the need to well design
Different types of Decentralized Generation (DG) units as the frequency and ROCOF computations within the relay
well as other influences, e.g. grid topologies, distribution of protection: making it both fast and reliable remains the core
DG or protection concepts are taken into account. We will challenge of ROCOF-based protections. Furthermore it has
show that suitable steady state calculations are sufficient for also been observed that “standard” way of reasoning based
practical protection analysis. The risk of undesirable on grid inertia might lead to wrong results as they are based
reactions of the grid protection can be minimized by the use on only synchronous generators in the grid.
of the derived general recommendations. Paper 0368 from Croatia describes development of the
Paper 0276 from Finland performs a viability assessment of methods for islanding detection. Islanding of distributed
the centralized substation protection and control (CPC) generation can appear in cases of deliberate disconnection
system in a number of architectures, using a modified of network parts or disconnection due to fault. This article
algorithm of the Block-Layer reliability technique and a analyses the problem of distributed generation (DG)
specific objective cost function. This paper describes the islanding in networks where islanding is not allowed. Time
concept of centralized protection in substations and a duration during which DG left in islanding mode must be
number of involved architectures. Moreover, it describes the disconnected is defined by networks automated processes
modified algorithm for reliability analysis and its important (i.e. automatic recloser). Considering the fact that future
considerations. Results show that the centralized approaches smart grids will have even bigger degree of automatizations
are significantly more reliable than the traditional and cost- now is the moment to figure out how to decrease time
benefit increase with the increase of number of process bays during which DG operates in prohibited islanding mode.
in the substation.
Paper 0330 from the UK presents the experimental testing
of commercial LV-connected PV inverters to characterize
their behavior during fault conditions. Understanding this
behavior is critical for the proper design and operation of
distribution networks with a large amount of inverter-
connected generation. The inverters were connected to the
Power Networks Demonstration Centre (PNDC) LV
distribution test network as shown in Figure 26. Hardware
test results for a number of different inverters are discussed
and compared. The challenges for modelling, particularly
with respect to fault conditions, are discussed with an Fig. 27: Representation of values for ROCOF method
example simulation.
ROCOF Relay measures the voltage frequency and
calculates the rate of change of frequency that is represented
by the formula in Figure 27.
Paper 0392 from Portugal presents how EDPD Distribuição
(EDPD) developed a program to optimize its current
protection asset base that spans along several generations
Fig. 26: Distribution network used for fault testing and technologies with different levels of protection
functions. This program consisted of an exhaustive revision
Paper 0344 from Portugal presents the short-circuit studies of all Medium Voltage (MV) protections function settings
that were performed for the distributed resource (DR) island that comprised a total of 484 substations and switching
system. For that purpose the actual secondary substation LV stations, and over 5100 feeders within the entire mainland
grid was modeled with MATLAB Simulink software, with Portugal distribution grid. The main goals were to ensure
real grid data provided by the DSO and with the grid protection relays coordination, guarantee sensitivity for
embedded storage models provided by the manufacturers. electrically distant short-circuits and minimize voltage dips
The studies were performed for all foreseeable duration.
configurations (parallel and island) to ensure clearing of Paper 0459 from Portugal performs a new analysis of the
faulted conditions, and with different load scenarios. network state on the LV side (near DG) under a ground fault
Paper 0352 from France investigates the benefit of using the on the MV feeder. Simulations of multiple scenarios show
ROCOF by studying its effect on the Non-Detection Zone that the voltage on the LV side can significantly change by
(NDZ) of the anti-islanding protection. For every case the ground fault on the MV side under certain conditions. It

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CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

was found that the voltage on the LV side can be influenced takes over most functions of the former substation
by two variables: the sum of the installed generation in the protection and automation. On one hand, the center can
feeder (SG), and the feeder characteristics’, such as length, optimize protection principle. On the other hand, the center
or whether it is an underground cable or an overhead line. also alleviates the pressure of substation area in the city by
This condition is sufficient to insure the overvoltage concentrating the substation’s secondary equipment and
protection trip even at the LV side. If there is a large power simplifies the rebuilding process after the disaster of
unbalance between generation and load at the feeder the regional grid.
frequency protection will also operate.
Paper 0606 from Germany presents a comparative study on
algorithms that estimate the rate of change of frequency
(ROCOF) for power system protection. We develop two
algorithms that consider the rotation of the power system
voltage represented in the complex plane. We also develop
an algorithm that considers the instants when sequence of
the voltage changes sign. We test these algorithms in
simulation: An automated test bench evaluates the impact of
sampling frequency, noise and harmonics on their accuracy.
Paper 0673 from the UK evaluates the performances of a
wide number of DC protection solutions that have been
proposed for the applications on an active LVDC last mile
distribution network with local generation sources
(including PVs and battery storages). Based on the findings,
recommendations of LVDC protection for resilient
operation are presented in the paper.
Paper 0714 from Germany is presenting that detailed
protection planning becomes increasingly important in the
future, using enhanced calculation, modelling and
evaluation approaches, as developed within the project
ProFuDiS. While the future protection-challenges in Fig. 28: The framework of protection intelligent center
German MV grids can widely be solved using altered
parametrization and application of the present digital Then explain the function concept, overall architecture,
protection devices, the usage of classical NH fuses for LV configuration and rapid disaster recovery of Protection
grid protection will be possible for most, but not all grids Intelligent Center. This architecture provides a reference for
any more. While sufficient, but rather complex digital the construction of urban intelligent power distribution
protection approaches are already available, the substation.
development of innovative, more cost efficient solutions for
LV protection should be carried on. Additionally more Under emergency conditions portions of MV networks can
precise regulations for the fault behavior of DG should be be locally supplied for a significantly long time period by
stated to allow effective protection planning and reliable moveable generating units connected to the LV side of a
and realistic fault simulation. standard distribution transformer, which in this case
Paper 0716 from Norway proposes a communication–based operates as a step-up transformer. It is therefore necessary
scheme preventing islanding forming in a system. The to ensure a proper operation which must include the
scheme utilizes a new fast and universal indicator revealing detection of any possible faulty condition. When the MV
fault positions. A locating algorithm is also applied to network portion is operated with isolated neutral (as it is
restrict unwanted disconnection of DG. The method is usually the case), a reliability issue arises for earth faults
tested on a model in PSCAD/EMTDC of an actual 22 kV detection by the protection system, due to the negligible
multiterminal grid grounded by a Petersen coil and capacitive fault current values.
including DG. The results show that the new indicator can In paper 0970 from Italy, possible detection methods are
reliably discriminate faults in the system. It has been found identified through analytical and numerical simulations and
that precision of the locator utilizing two–point two promising solutions are proposed, i.e., the intentional
measurements is not sufficient and might lead to nuisance earthing of one phase conductor and the connection of a
tripping of the DG. Using of multi–point measurements and suitable neutral forming transformer with earthed neutral
the proposed indicator helps to solve this problem for a terminal both operated at the MV side of the MV/LV
complex feeder topology. Finally, the same signals can be transformer.
applied to enhance accuracy of the locator. In paper 0993 from Germany, fault characteristics for
Paper 0793 from China proposes integration secondary different future LVDC network configurations are simulated
equipment based new architecture of distribution network (PLECS1) to analyze the maximum short-circuit current
named Protection Intelligent Center (Fig. 28). The center rating of the network. DAB (Dual Active Bridge) topology

CIRED2015 Session 3: Session Operation, Control and Protection Page 25 / 28

CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

for DC-DC converter is considered for the connection of

renewable energy sources and MVDC link to the LVDC
grid. Results show that due to the current limiting
characteristics of DC-DC converter, there is a potential of
decreasing the maximum SC rating of the protection devices
in LVDC microgrids compared to LVAC grids.

CIRED2015 Session 3: Session Operation, Control and Protection Page 26 / 28

CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Table 3: Papers of Block 3 “Protection” assigned to the Session 3

Paper No. Title MS MS RIF PS

a.m. p.m.
Fault Location / Earth Fault
0007 Fault Location of Unbalanced Power Distribution Feeder with Distributed
Generation using Neural Networks
0170 Impact of Voltage Fluctuation on Petersen-coil Control and results of a Tuning
Method with evaluation of Side Frequencies
0308 New method for High-Impedance Fault Detection
0382 New solution of fault directional detection for MV Fault Passage Indicators
0524 New Transient Fault Location Method in Non-solidly Earthed System for
Distribution Network
0564 Why does the Earth Fault Detection Method based on 3^rd Harmonic X
work in Large Meshed 110-kV-Networks
0565 High-impedance Fault Detection Based on Transient Information in Resonant
Grounding System
0622 An Optimization Algorithm for Earth Fault Location on MV Distribution Feeders
0759 Accurate Localization of the Ground Faults in Non-Solid Isolated Networks based
on Transients Analysis
0817 Comparison of Different Solution of Faulted Phase Earthing Technique for an Earth
Fault Current Limitation
0862 Core balance CT selection for sensitive earth-fault protection applications in
compensated MV-networks
0890 Location of Arc Faults on 11 kV Overhead Lines using Radiometry X
0955 Restoration of Overhead Distribution Networks by Means of Temporary Fault
Indicators Application
0967 Application of Multi-frequency Admittance Based Fault Passage Indication in
Practical Compensated MV-network
1153 Improved Fault Location Algorithm for MV Networks based on Practical Experience
1205 MV high impedance faults detection based on LV voltage measurements X
1250 Resonant Grounding applied in Brazilian distribution networks X
1355 Capacitive feeder sensors for an auxiliary fault locating service with traveling
waves
Application
0019 Open or Closed Ring Networks?
0085 Optimal Reclosing Time to Improve Transient Stability in Distribution System
0184 Suppression of the Atmospheric Over-voltages in Grounding Neutral Conductor
Low Voltage Grids
0278 Why the operation failure of high breaking capacity fuses is so frequent?
0295 Earthing Systems Connected via Metallic Screens of the 20 kV Underground Cables
in Non-Urban Areas
0309 New Protection Coordination System according to ESS and Renewable Energy
expansion
0386 Implementation of a System Integrity Protection Scheme (SIPS) in the Channel X
Islands
0736 Feasibility of an Efficient Add-on Protection System for a Real World Microgrid in X
Islanded Mode

CIRED2015 Session 3: Session Operation, Control and Protection Page 27 / 28

CIRED 24th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Glasgow, 12 - 15 June 2017

Paper No. Title MS MS RIF PS

a.m. p.m.
Applications
0763 New settings including Rate of Change of Frequency for Interface Protection
Relays used for Generators connected to MV grid
0863 New and Smart Multi-Ended Differential Solution for Power Networks
1082 Protection Scheme for Energy Storage Systems Operating in Island or Grid
Connected Modes
1160 Adverse Impact of Distributed Generation on Protection of the Hellenic MV
Network – Recommendations for Protection Scheme Upgrade
1282 Integrated asset monitoring, personnel safety, and reliability with next generation X
protection relays for distribution networks
1331 Impact of the cables' Shields Disconnection on the Thermal Stress Reduction in
Case of Cross-Country Faults
Algorithms and Simulations
0192 Designing a coordinated protection system for microgrids enabled with DERs
based on unidirectional FCL
0205 Practice-Oriented Consideration of the Dynamic Fast Fault Current of Power Park
Modules in Grid Protection Analysis
0276 Viability Assessment for a Novel Centralized Protection and Control System in MV
Substations
0330 Hardware based characterization of LV inverter fault response
0344 Protection System Analysis in LV Grid, with High DG Penetration, in Parallel and
Islanding Operation
0352 NDZ of an anti-islanding protection with ROCOF threshold
0368 Anti-Islanding Protection Of Distributed Generators With Regard To Sensitivity In A
Balance And Power System Stability
0392 EDP's Experience in Optimizing In-Service Protection System Units
0459 The need for zero sequence voltage protection in MV networks with high levels of
distributed generation
0606 Rate of Change of Frequency Protection: Toward a Viable Algorithm for a
Protective Relay
0673 Evaluation of Existing DC Protection Solutions on the Performance of an Active
LVDC Distribution Network under Different Fault Conditions
0714 Challenges and Solutions for MV & LV Protection in Grids with Large Amount of
Distributed Generation – A final Report from the German Research Project
ProFuDiS
0716 Fast Protection against Islanding and Unwanted Tripping of Distributed Generation
caused by Ground Faults
0793 A New Architecture of Centralized Protection Suiting Future Development Trend of
Distribution Network
0970 Reliable Protection Systems for Locally Supplied MV Distribution Networks
0993 Estimation of Short Circuit Currents in Future LVDC Microgrids

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