Columbian Exchange and The Atlantic Slave Trade Pre Test

Columbian Exchange and the Atlantic Slave Trade Pre-Test
Document 1
"There was a great havoc. Very many died of it. They could not walk...They could not move; they
could not stir; they could not change position, nor lie on one side; nor face down, nor on their
backs. And if they stirred, much did they cry out. Great was its destruction."
- Bernardino De Sahagun, quoted in Seeds of Change
1. Based on the document and your background knowledge...

Who was the author of the quote?
a. Christopher Columbus
b. Seeds of Change
c. Bernardino De Sahagun
d. King Ferdinand

According to the author, what is causing all of the death in the New World?
a. War
b. Famine
c. Seeds of Change
d. Disease

What is the author’s main argument?
Document 2
I was not long suffered to indulge my grief; I was soon put down under the decks, and there I
received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life; so that with the
loathsomeness of the stench, and crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to
eat, nor had I the least desire to taste any thing. I now wished for the last friend, Death, to relieve
me; but soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me eatables; and, on my refusing to eat,
one of them held me fast by the hands, and laid me across, I think, the windlass, and tied my feet,
while the other flogged me severely. I had never experienced any thing of this kind before; and
although not being used to the water, I naturally feared that element the first time I saw it; yet,
nevertheless, could I have got over the nettings, I would have jumped over the side; but I could
not; and, besides, the crew used to watch us very closely who were not chained down to the
decks, lest we should leap into the water; and I have seen some of these poor African prisoners
most severely cut for attempting to do so, and hourly whipped for not eating. This indeed was
often the case with myself. In a little time after, amongst the poor chained men, I found some of
my own nation, which in a small degree gave ease to my mind. I inquired of them what was to be
done with us. They gave me to understand we were to be carried to these white people’s country
to work for them.
Source: The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano.

What is the author’s purpose in writing this document?
a. To support the practice of slavery
b. To describe the atrocities of the Middle Passage
c. To give direction on the best way to control slaves
d. To describe his experience as a slave trader

Document 3
The development of the slave trade became part of the process of settling the American
continent. In comparison with Indian slavery, the blacks had a better physical capacity and
resisted better to the climate, two important factors to justify the successive waves of slaves that
left Africa towards America.
The time between the moment the slaves were bought and when they arrived at port was
very dangerous not only for the European traders but for the slaves as well. Revolts and
disturbances occurred frequently. Crossing the Atlantic was extremely difficult for slaves. First
there was not enough room in the boats. They suffered from heat, thirst, and a lack of hygiene.
Even the whites had difficulty with these things.
At the time the European states did not recognize the negative consequences of these
massive migrations. On the other hand, a new diverse cultural situation originated on the
American continent that resulted from the multiplicity of mixed races and cultures. Brazil
became the most expressive model of the process carried out by the Portuguese as it melted
Indian, white, and black in a complex mix of ethnicities and cultures.
Source: History for Grade Ten, Volume 2, published in Portugal in 1994.
What type of document is this?
a. An original source document
b. A primary source document
c. A secondary source document
d. All of the above

Where was this textbook written? How might this have influenced how it portrayed the
Middle Passage?

Why do you think the textbook used the word “migrations” to describe the Atlantic slave
trade?

Document 4
There happened such sickening and mortality among my poor men and Negroes. Of the
first we buried 14, and of the last 320, which was a great detriment to our voyage, the Royal
African Company losing ten pounds by every slave that died. . . . The distemper which my men
as well as the blacks mostly died of was the white flux. . . .
The Negroes are so vulnerable to the small-pox that few ships that carry them escape
without it, and sometimes it makes vast havoc and destruction among them. But though we had
100 at a time sick of it . . . we lost not above a dozen by it. . . .
But what the smallpox spared, the flux swept off, to our great regret, after all our pains
and care to give [the slaves] their messes, . . . keeping their lodgings as clean and sweet as
possible, and enduring so much misery and stench so long among creatures nastier than swine,
only to be defeated by their mortality. . . .
No gold-finders can endure so much noisome slavery as they do who carry Negroes. . . .
We endure twice the misery; and yet by their mortality our voyages are ruined.
Source: Thomas Phillips, A Collection of Voyages and Travels, 1732.
What do we know is most likely true about the author?
a. He was an African Slave
b. He was a slave ship captain
c. He died in the early 1600s
d. He was a miner searching for gold

According to Phillips, what did the ship’s crew do for the slaves?

According to Phillips, why was being a slave trader such an unpleasant job?


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