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Problems Lesson 3 (Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces - Work and Energy)

This document provides examples of physics problems involving conservative and non-conservative forces, work, energy, friction, oscillations, projectile motion, and orbital mechanics. It includes 10 multi-part problems covering topics such as determining potential energy functions, calculating work done by forces, finding velocities given other variable values, computing coefficients of friction, and finding orbital distances using gravitational force and period. The problems provide examples of concepts and calculations commonly encountered in introductory physics courses.

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Gabrielgarcy12
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312 views17 pages

Problems Lesson 3 (Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces - Work and Energy)

This document provides examples of physics problems involving conservative and non-conservative forces, work, energy, friction, oscillations, projectile motion, and orbital mechanics. It includes 10 multi-part problems covering topics such as determining potential energy functions, calculating work done by forces, finding velocities given other variable values, computing coefficients of friction, and finding orbital distances using gravitational force and period. The problems provide examples of concepts and calculations commonly encountered in introductory physics courses.

Uploaded by

Gabrielgarcy12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS I

LESSON 3: CONSERVATIVE AND NON-CONSERVATIVE FORCES. WORK AND ENERGY.

1. One particle of 5 kg of mass is subjected to a force 𝐹⃗ = −2𝑥 𝑖⃗ − 2𝑦 𝑗⃗ where the force is in N and
positions in m.
a) Is this force conservative?
b) Determine the potential energy where this force comes from if its potential energy at the point
(0,0) is 2 J.
c) What is the work done to move the particle from the point A(3, 1) to the point B(2, 4)?
d) Knowing that the particle reaches B with a velocity equals to zero, what was the velocity in A?
Solution: a) Yes b) 𝑈 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2 J c) -10 J d) 2 m/s

2. One heat source heats an enclosed space. The stationary distribution of temperature in that
space is given by: ∅(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 30 − (2𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑦𝑧 2 ) oC, being the origin inside the heat
source.
a) Determine the directions in which the temperature decreases much faster in the points (2, 1, 0) y
(0, 1, 1).
b) Calculate how much the temperature varies per unit of traveled distance if we are at the point (2,
1, 0) and move along the direction given by 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗.
−10 o
⃗⃗ ; 5 𝑖⃗ + 4 𝑗⃗ + 8 𝑘
Solution: a) 2 𝑖⃗ + 8 𝑗⃗ + 6 𝑘 ⃗⃗ b) C/m
√2

3. On a block of mass m = 0.2 kg one force 𝐹(𝑥) = 7𝑥 2 N is exerted along the x axis. If the block
velocity in the position x = 1 m is 4 m/s, determine its velocity at x = 1.5 m.

Solution: v = 8.45 m/s


4. One block 0.08 kg is attached to a string that passes through a hole on a horizontal surface
without friction (see figure). The block is rotating at a distance R1= 0.3 m from the hole with a
velocity of 0.8 m/s. The string is pulled down, shortening the radius of the trajectory of the block
to R2= 0.1 m.
a) What is the block velocity at R2?
b) What is the tension of the string when the block is at the distance R1?
c) What is the tension when it is at R2?

d) How much work did the person who pulled down the string do?

Solution: a) 2.4 m/s b) 0.17 N c) 4.6 N d) 0.2 J

5. One particle slides down an incline ending in a circular loop of radius R, as shown in the figure.
Calculate the minimum height h, from which the particle must be released to make a complete
loop.

Solution: h = 5R/2

6. One block of mass m=20 kg goes up on an incline having an angle of 30o to the horizontal. At a
height h1 with respect to the ground its velocity is 12 m/s. If after a certain time the block
reaches the same point with a velocity of 6 m/s, calculate:
a) Kinetic coefficient of friction between the incline and the block
b) Between which values is supposed to be the static coefficient of friction?

Solution: a) 0.35 b) c ≤ e ≤ 0.58.


7. One particle of mass m is attached to one end of a cord of length L, whereas the other end is
fixed. The particle oscillates in a vertical plane. If the particle is released from a point P making an
angle 0 with the vertical, determine:
a) Velocity of the particle in function of the angle 
b) Tension of the cord in function of the angle 

Solution: a) 𝑣(𝜃) = √2𝑔𝐿(cos 𝜃 − cos𝜃0 ) b) 𝑇=


𝑚𝑔(3 cos 𝜃 − 2 cos 𝜃0 )

8. One particle of mass 2 kg starts from the point A with velocity vA, it slides along a horizontal
surface of length l=3 m with a friction coefficient d =0.5 and goes up an incline without friction
with an angle of 30o to the horizontal. At the upper end of the incline there is a spring of force
constant k= 800 N/m. When the particle passes by the point B, it has travelled a total distance of
4m, has a velocity of vB= 12 m/s, and the maximum height that it reaches is double than at the
point B. Calculate:
a) Velocity at the point A
b) Maximum compression of the spring

Solution: a) 13.5 m/s b) 0.58 m

9. One boy of mass m is sitting on a hemispherical mound of snow as shown in the figure. If he
starts sliding down from the top being at rest, considering that there is no friction, determine at
what point the boy leaves the surface and stops having contact with the mound.

Solution: h = 0.6 R
10. Find out the distance between the centers of Earth and Moon knowing that:
a) Earth radius is 6370 km; g = 9.81 m/s2
b) The period of the moon is 27.3 days

Solution: 383000 km

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