Basic Quantum Algorithms: Fred Ezerman
Basic Quantum Algorithms: Fred Ezerman
Fred Ezerman
Preliminaries
Shor’s Algorithm
Example
Preliminaries Shor’s Algorithm Example
A Big Picture
Information is Physical
More on Qubits
Bloch Sphere
√
• Let i = −1. The state |ψi in example can be written as
iγ θ iϕ θ
|ψi = e cos |0i + e sin |1i with θ, γ, ϕ ∈ R.
2 2
• The term e iγ can be ignored since it has no observable effect.
• The numbers θ and ϕ define a point on a three dimensional
sphere called Bloch sphere.
Preliminaries Shor’s Algorithm Example
Multiple Qubits
More . . .
And some more.
Preliminaries Shor’s Algorithm Example
More . . .
Basic References
Recall RSA
Basis of many commercial public key cryptosystems and protocols.
Preliminaries Shor’s Algorithm Example
Quantum DFT
Quantum DFT
Quantum DFT
X 2 1
hc 0 | |Φ̃i = r · = 1.
0
r
c =kq/r
kq
• The output is a natural number that has the form with
r
k ∈ N.
Preliminaries Shor’s Algorithm Example
Factoring 21
First Register
Preliminaries Shor’s Algorithm Example
Second Register
Preliminaries Shor’s Algorithm Example
Measurement
Preliminaries Shor’s Algorithm Example
The Period
Preliminaries Shor’s Algorithm Example
Final Check