Homework 1 (Due 21/4)
Problem 1
Consider a MISO channel with two transmit antennas. The channel from the first transmit
antenna to the receiver is h1 and the channel from the second transmit antenna is h2 . A signal
s is to be transmitted. The average power available to the transmitter is P , i.e., E{|s|2 } = P .
√ receiver is No . Assume for now that h1 = h2 = 1.
The noise power at the
1. If we transmit s/ 2 simultaneously from each transmit antenna what is the total transmit
power? What is the SNR at the receiver? What is the array√gain?
2. Now if h1 = 1 and h2 = −1 and we were to transmit s/ 2 from each antenna what is the
array gain?
3. If h1 = 1 and h2 = −1 is transmit array gain possible? What does this imply about the
requirement of channel knowledge at the transmitter to exploit transmit array gain?
Problem 2
Consider a MIMO channel with 4 transmit antennas and 4 receive antennas. The resulting
channel matrix H is of dimension 4 × 4. What is the multiplexing gain of each of the following
channels, i.e., how many independent scalar data streams can be supported reliably?
⎡ ⎤
1 1 −1 1
⎢ 1 −1 −1 ⎥
H=⎢ ⎥
1
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 1 1 1 ⎦
1 1 1 −1
⎡ ⎤
1 1 1 −1
⎢ 1 1 −1 1 ⎥
H=⎢
⎢
⎥
⎥
⎣ 1 −1 1 1 ⎦
1 −1 −1 −1
Problem 3
Consider a SIMO channel with n receive antennas. The antennas are separated by the coher-
ence distance, i.e., the antennas see independent channels. Let the power levels of the signal
received at the two antennas be represented by the random variables Xi (i = 1, 2, · · · , n) which
are each exponentially distributed with average value 1. At a given instant the receiver selects
the antenna with the highest signal level, i.e., max{Xi }ni=1 . Now assume that the receiver cannot
tolerate a power level less than 0.1. What is the probability with which the signal level falls
below this value in a SISO channel? What is the corresponding probability for the SIMO channel
described above? How does the improvement relate to the diversity order? What would happen
if the antennas were colocated for the SIMO channel described above?
Problem 4
State true or false :
• Channel knowledge at the transmitter is required in MIMO channels to extract multiplex-
ing gain.
• Channel knowledge at the transmitter is not required in MIMO channels to extract diversity
gain.
1
• Transmit array gain does not require channel knowledge at the transmitter.
• Interference diversity can be realized through frequency hopping in a cellular system.
Problem 5
Consider an antenna array comprising of two transmit antennas separated by a distance d.
A large number (n) of independent zero-mean narrowband planar wavefronts with unit average
power and wavelength λ arrive concurrently at the antenna array at angles uniformly distributed
between 0 and 2π (i.e., scattering is rich) show that the coefficient of correlation between the
two antennas is J0 2πd
λ
, where J0 (x) is the zero-order Bessel function of the first kind given by
π
1
J0 (x) = cos(x sin θ)dθ.
π 0
Plot J0 2πd
λ
as a function of d/λ in MATLAB for d/λ ranging between 0 and 2. At what
distance of separation (in wavelengths) is the correlation between then antennas 0.7, 0 ?
Problem 6
Matrix identities: These identities will come in handy later in the course.
1. Given an m×n matrix A show that the matrix AAH is Hermitian. The superscript H implies
conjugate transposition. What does this reveal about the eigendecomposition of AAH ?
2. Show that AAH is positive semi-definite.
3. Show that Im + AAH is Hermitian positive definite.
4. Show that det(Im + AAH ) = det(In + AH A).
