ADXL337
ADXL337
ADXL337
Accelerometer
ADXL337
FEATURES GENERAL DESCRIPTION
3-axis sensing The ADXL337 is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis
Small, low profile package accelerometer with signal conditioned voltage outputs. The
3 mm × 3 mm × 1.45 mm LFCSP product measures acceleration with a minimum full-scale range
Low power: 300 μA (typical) of ±3 g. It can measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-
Single-supply operation: 1.8 V to 3.6 V sensing applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting
10,000 g shock survival from motion, shock, or vibration.
Excellent temperature stability
The user selects the bandwidth of the accelerometer using the
Bandwidth adjustment with a single capacitor per axis
CX, CY, and CZ capacitors at the XOUT, YOUT, and ZOUT pins.
RoHS/WEEE and lead-free compliant
Bandwidths can be selected to suit the application, with a range
of 0.5 Hz to 1600 Hz for X and Y axes and a range of 0.5 Hz to
APPLICATIONS 550 Hz for the Z axis.
Cost-sensitive, low power, motion- and tilt-sensing applications The ADXL337 is available in a small, low profile, 3 mm × 3 mm ×
Mobile devices 1.45 mm, 16-lead, lead frame chip scale package (LFCSP_LQ).
Gaming systems
Disk drive protection
Image stabilization
Sports and health devices
VS
ADXL337
OUTPUT ~32kΩ XOUT
AC AMPLIFIERS
AMPLIFIER CX
CZ
GND ST
09358-001
Figure 1.
Rev. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
ADXL337* Product Page Quick Links
Last Content Update: 11/01/2016
Documentation Discussions
Data Sheet View all ADXL337 EngineerZone Discussions
• ADXL337: Small, Low Power, 3-Axis ±3 g Accelerometer
Data Sheet Sample and Buy
User Guides Visit the product page to see pricing options
• UG-242: 3-Axis Accelerometer Evaluation Board
Technical Support
Submit a technical question or find your regional support
number
* This page was dynamically generated by Analog Devices, Inc. and inserted into this data sheet. Note: Dynamic changes to
the content on this page does not constitute a change to the revision number of the product data sheet. This content may be
frequently modified.
ADXL337
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1 Applications Information .............................................................. 11
Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Power Supply Decoupling ......................................................... 11
General Description ......................................................................... 1 Setting the Bandwidth Using CX, CY, and CZ .......................... 11
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Self Test ........................................................................................ 11
Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Design Trade-Offs for Selecting Filter Characteristics: The
Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Noise/BW Trade-Off .................................................................. 11
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 4 Use with Operating Voltages Other than 3 V ............................ 12
Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 5 Layout and Design Recommendations ................................... 13
Mechanical Sensor...................................................................... 10
Performance ................................................................................ 10
REVISION HISTORY
10/10—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 16
ADXL337
SPECIFICATIONS
TA = 25°C, VS = 3 V, CX = CY = CZ = 0.1 μF, acceleration = 0 g, unless otherwise noted. All minimum and maximum specifications are
guaranteed. Typical specifications are not guaranteed.
Table 1.
Parameter Test Conditions/Comments Min Typ Max Unit
SENSOR INPUT Each axis
Measurement Range ±3 ±3.6 g
Nonlinearity % of full scale ±0.3 %
Package Alignment Error ±1 Degrees
Interaxis Alignment Error ±0.1 Degrees
Cross-Axis Sensitivity 1 ±1 %
SENSITIVITY (RATIOMETRIC) 2 Each axis
Sensitivity at XOUT, YOUT, ZOUT VS = 3 V 270 300 330 mV/g
Sensitivity Change Due to Temperature 3 VS = 3 V ±0.01 %/°C
0 g BIAS LEVEL (RATIOMETRIC)
0 g Voltage at XOUT, YOUT VS = 3 V 1.35 1.5 1.65 V
0 g Voltage at ZOUT VS = 3 V 1.2 1.5 1.8 V
0 g Offset vs. Temperature XOUT, YOUT ±1.1 mg/°C
0 g Offset vs. Temperature ZOUT ±1.6 mg/°C
NOISE PERFORMANCE
Noise Density XOUT, YOUT 175 μg/√Hz rms
Noise Density ZOUT 300 μg/√Hz rms
FREQUENCY RESPONSE 4
Bandwidth XOUT, YOUT 5 No external filter 1600 Hz
Bandwidth ZOUT5 No external filter 550 Hz
RFILT Tolerance 32 ± 15% kΩ
Sensor Resonant Frequency 5.5 kHz
SELF TEST 6
Logic Input Low 0.6 V
Logic Input High 2.4 V
ST Actuation Current 60 μA
Output Change at XOUT Self test 0 to 1 −150 −325 −600 mV
Output Change at YOUT Self test 0 to 1 +150 +325 +600 mV
Output Change at ZOUT Self test 0 to 1 +150 +550 +1000 mV
OUTPUT AMPLIFIER
Output Swing Low No load 0.1 V
Output Swing High No load 2.8 V
POWER SUPPLY
Operating Voltage Range 7 1.8 3.0 3.6 V
Supply Current VS = 3 V 300 μA
Turn-On Time 8 No external filter 1 ms
TEMPERATURE
Operating Temperature Range −40 +85 °C
1
Defined as coupling between any two axes.
2
Sensitivity is essentially ratiometric to VS.
3
Defined as the output change from ambient-to-maximum temperature or ambient-to-minimum temperature.
4
Actual frequency response controlled by user-supplied external filter capacitors (CX, CY, CZ).
5
Bandwidth with external capacitors = 1/(2 × π × 32 kΩ × C). For CX, CY = 0.003 μF, bandwidth = 1.6 kHz. For CZ = 0.01 μF, bandwidth = 500 Hz. For CX, CY, CZ = 10 μF,
bandwidth = 0.5 Hz.
6
Self test response changes cubically with VS.
7
Tested at 3.0 V and guaranteed by design only (not tested) to work over the full range from 1.8 V to 3.6 V.
8
Turn-on time is dependent on CX, CY, CZ and is approximately 160 × (CX or CY or CZ) + 1, where CX, CY, and CZ are in μF and the resulting turn-on time is in ms.
Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 16
ADXL337
Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 16
ADXL337
ZOUT
NC
VS
VS
16 15 14 13
RES 1 ADXL337 12 NC
TOP VIEW
ST (Not to Scale)
2 11 NC
+Y
RES 3 +Z 10 NC
YOUT 4 +X 9 NC
5 6 7 8
XOUT
GND
GND
NC
09358-003
NOTES
1. NC = NO CONNECT.
2. EXPOSED PAD IS NOT INTERNALLY
CONNECTED BUT SHOULD BE SOLDERED
FOR MECHANICAL INTEGRITY.
Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 16
ADXL337
40
20
35
PERCENT OF POPULATION
PERCENT OF POPULATION
30
15
25
20
10
15
5 10
0 0
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
–0.35
–0.34
–0.33
–0.32
–0.31
–0.30
–0.29
–0.28
–0.27
–0.26
–0.25
09358-005
09358-008
OUTPUT (V)
OUTPUT CHANGE DUE TO SELF TEST (V)
Figure 3. X-Axis Zero g Bias at 25°C, VS = 3 V Figure 6. X-Axis Self-Test Response at 25°C, VS = 3 V
25 45
40
20
35
PERCENT OF POPULATION
PERCENT OF POPULATION
30
15
25
20
10
15
5 10
0 0
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
09358-009
09358-006
Figure 4. Y-Axis Zero g Bias at 25°C, VS = 3 V Figure 7. Y-Axis Self-Test Response at 25°C, VS = 3 V
18 60
16
50
14
PERCENT OF POPULATION
PERCENT OF POPULATION
12 40
10
30
8
6 20
4
10
2
0 0
09358-010
0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
09358-007
Figure 5. Z-Axis Zero g Bias at 25°C, VS = 3 V Figure 8. Z-Axis Self-Test Response at 25°C, VS = 3 V
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 16
ADXL337
45 1.60
40 1.58
1.56
35
PERCENT OF POPULATION
1.54
30
1.52
OUTPUT (V)
25
1.50
20
1.48
15
1.46
10 1.44
5 1.42
0 1.40
09358-014
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
–2.50
–2.25
–2.00
–1.75
–1.50
–1.25
–1.00
–0.75
–0.50
–0.25
09358-011
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mg/°C)
Figure 9. X-Axis Zero g Bias Temperature Coefficient, VS = 3 V Figure 12. X-Axis Zero g Bias vs. Temperature—Eight Parts Soldered to PCB
35 1.60
1.58
30
1.56
PERCENT OF POPULATION
25 1.54
10 1.46
1.44
5
1.42
0 1.40
09358-015
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
–2.50
–2.25
–2.00
–1.75
–1.50
–1.25
–1.00
–0.75
–0.50
–0.25
09358-012
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mg/°C)
Figure 10. Y-Axis Zero g Bias Temperature Coefficient, VS = 3 V Figure 13. Y-Axis Zero g Bias vs. Temperature—Eight Parts Soldered to PCB
30 1.60
1.58
25
1.56
PERCENT OF POPULATION
1.54
20
1.52
OUTPUT (V)
15 1.50
1.48
10
1.46
1.44
5
1.42
0 1.40
09358-016
1.5
0.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
–3.0
–2.5
–2.0
–1.5
–1.0
–0.5
09358-013
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mg/°C)
Figure 11. Z-Axis Zero g Bias Temperature Coefficient, VS = 3 V Figure 14. Z-Axis Zero g Bias vs. Temperature—Eight Parts Soldered to PCB
Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 16
ADXL337
50 0.33
45
0.32
40
PERCENT OF POPULATION
35
0.31
SENSITIVITY (V/g)
30
25 0.30
20
15 0.29
10
0.28
5
0 0.27
09358-020
0.311
0.290
0.293
0.296
0.299
0.302
0.305
0.308
0.314
0.317
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100
09358-017
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SENSITIVITY (V/g)
Figure 15. X-Axis Sensitivity at 25°C, VS = 3 V Figure 18. X-Axis Sensitivity vs. Temperature,
Eight Parts Soldered to PCB, VS = 3 V
60 0.33
50 0.32
PERCENT OF POPULATION
40 0.31
SENSITIVITY (V/g)
30 0.30
20 0.29
10 0.28
0 0.27
09358-021
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100
0.311
0.290
0.293
0.296
0.299
0.302
0.305
0.308
0.314
0.317
0.320
09358-018
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SENSITIVITY (V/g)
Figure 16. Y-Axis Sensitivity at 25°C, VS = 3 V Figure 19. Y-Axis Sensitivity vs. Temperature,
Eight Parts Soldered to PCB, VS = 3 V
50 0.33
45
0.32
40
PERCENT OF POPULATION
35
0.31
SENSITIVITY (V/g)
30
25 0.30
20
0.29
15
10
0.28
5
0 0.27
09358-022
0.293
0.296
0.299
0.302
0.305
0.308
0.314
0.317
0.320
09358-019
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SENSITIVITY (V/g)
Figure 17. Z-Axis Sensitivity at 25°C, VS = 3 V Figure 20. Z-Axis Sensitivity vs. Temperature,
Eight Parts Soldered to PCB, VS = 3 V
Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 16
ADXL337
400
CX = CY = CZ = 0.001µF
350
300
ZOUT,
250 500mV/DIV
CURRENT (µA)
200
YOUT,
500mV/DIV
150
XOUT,
100 500mV/DIV
09358-024
50 POWER,
1V/DIV OUTPUTS ARE OFFSET FOR CLARITY
0 TIME (1ms/DIV)
09358-023
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 21. Typical Current Consumption vs. Supply Voltage Figure 22. Typical Turn-On Time, VS = 3 V
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 16
ADXL337
THEORY OF OPERATION
The ADXL337 is a complete 3-axis acceleration measurement MECHANICAL SENSOR
system. The ADXL337 has a measurement range of ±3 g minimum. The ADXL337 uses a single structure for sensing the X, Y, and Z axes.
It contains a polysilicon surface micromachined sensor and signal As a result, the three axes sense directions are highly orthogonal
conditioning circuitry to implement an open-loop acceleration with little cross-axis sensitivity. Mechanical misalignment of the
measurement architecture. The output signals are analog voltages sensor die to the package is the chief source of cross-axis sensitivity.
that are proportional to acceleration. The accelerometer can Mechanical misalignment can be calibrated out at the system level.
measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing applications
as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, PERFORMANCE
or vibration. Rather than using additional temperature compensation circuitry,
The sensor is a polysilicon surface micromachined structure innovative design techniques ensure that high performance is built
built on top of a silicon wafer. Polysilicon springs suspend the into the ADXL337. As a result, there is neither quantization error
structure over the surface of the wafer and provide a resistance nor nonmonotonic behavior, and temperature hysteresis is very
against acceleration forces. Deflection of the structure is measured low (typically less than 3 mg over the −25°C to +85°C temperature
using a differential capacitor that consists of independent fixed range).
plates and plates attached to the moving mass. The fixed plates
are driven by 180° out-of-phase square waves. Acceleration deflects
the moving mass and unbalances the differential capacitor resulting
in a sensor output whose amplitude is proportional to acceleration.
Phase-sensitive demodulation techniques are then used to
determine the magnitude and direction of the acceleration.
The demodulator output is amplified and brought off chip
through a 32 kΩ resistor. The user then sets the signal bandwidth
(BW) of the device by adding a capacitor. This filtering improves
measurement resolution and helps prevent aliasing.
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 16
ADXL337
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING DESIGN TRADE-OFFS FOR SELECTING FILTER
For most applications, a single 0.1 μF capacitor, CDC, placed CHARACTERISTICS: THE NOISE/BW TRADE-OFF
close to the ADXL337 supply pins adequately decouples the The selected accelerometer bandwidth ultimately determines
accelerometer from noise on the power supply. However, in the measurement resolution (smallest detectable acceleration).
applications where noise is present at the 50 kHz internal clock Filtering can be used to lower the noise floor to improve the
frequency (or any harmonic thereof), additional care in power resolution of the accelerometer. Resolution is dependent on the
supply bypassing is required because this noise can cause errors analog filter bandwidth at XOUT, YOUT, and ZOUT.
in acceleration measurement. If additional decoupling is needed, a The output of the ADXL337 has a typical bandwidth of greater
100 Ω (or smaller) resistor or ferrite bead can be inserted in the than 500 Hz. The user must filter the signal at this point to limit
supply line. Additionally, a larger bulk bypass capacitor (1 μF or aliasing errors. The analog bandwidth must be no more than half
greater) can be added in parallel to CDC. Ensure that the connection the analog-to-digital sampling frequency to minimize aliasing.
from the ADXL337 ground to the power supply ground is low The analog bandwidth can be decreased further to reduce noise
impedance because noise transmitted through ground has a and improve resolution.
similar effect as noise transmitted through VS.
The ADXL337 noise has the characteristics of white Gaussian
SETTING THE BANDWIDTH USING CX, CY, AND CZ noise, which contributes equally at all frequencies and is described
The ADXL337 has provisions for band limiting the XOUT, YOUT, in terms of μg/√Hz (the noise is proportional to the square root
and ZOUT pins. Capacitors must be added at these pins to implement of the accelerometer bandwidth). The user should limit bandwidth
low-pass filtering for antialiasing and noise reduction. The to the lowest frequency needed by the application to maximize
equation for the 3 dB bandwidth is the resolution and dynamic range of the accelerometer.
f−3 dB = 1/(2π(32 kΩ) × C(X, Y, Z)) With the single-pole, roll-off characteristic, the typical noise of
or more simply the ADXL337 is determined by
The tolerance of the internal resistor (RFILT) typically varies as It is often useful to know the peak value of the noise. Peak-to-peak
much as ±15% of its nominal value (32 kΩ), and the bandwidth noise can only be estimated by statistical methods. Table 5 is useful
varies accordingly. A minimum capacitance of 0.0047 μF for CX, for estimating the probabilities of exceeding various peak values,
CY, and CZ is recommended in all cases. given the rms value.
Table 4. Filter Capacitor Selection, CX, CY, and CZ Table 5. Estimation of Peak-to-Peak Noise
Bandwidth (Hz) Capacitor (μF) Percent of Time that Noise Exceeds
Peak-to-Peak Value Nominal Peak-to-Peak Value
1 4.7
10 0.47 2 × rms 32
50 0.10 4 × rms 4.6
100 0.05 6 × rms 0.27
200 0.027 8 × rms 0.006
500 0.01
SELF TEST
The ST pin controls the self test feature. When this pin is set to
VS, an electrostatic force is exerted on the accelerometer beam.
The resulting movement of the beam allows the user to test if
the accelerometer is functional. The typical change in output is
−1.08 g (corresponding to −325 mV) in the X-axis, +1.08 g (or
+325 mV) on the Y-axis, and +1.83 mg (or +550 mV) on the
Z-axis. This ST pin can be left open circuit or connected to
common (GND) in normal use.
Never expose the ST pin to voltages greater than VS + 0.3 V. If
this cannot be guaranteed due to the system design (for instance, if
there are multiple supply voltages), then a low VF clamping
diode between ST and VS is recommended.
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 16
ADXL337
USE WITH OPERATING VOLTAGES OTHER THAN 3 V At VS = 2 V, the self test response is approximately −96 mV for
The ADXL337 is tested and specified at VS = 3 V; however, it the X-axis, +96 mV for the Y-axis, and −163 mV for the Z-axis.
can be powered with VS as low as 1.8 V or as high as 3.6 V. Note The supply current decreases as the supply voltage decreases.
that some performance parameters change as the supply voltage Typical current consumption at VS = 3.6 V is 375 μA, and
is varied. typical current consumption at VS = 2 V is 200 μA.
The ADXL337 output is ratiometric; therefore, the output AXES OF ACCELERATION SENSITIVITY
sensitivity (or scale factor) varies proportionally to the supply The axes of sensitivity for the accelerometer are shown in Figure 23,
voltage. At VS = 3.6 V, the output sensitivity is typically 360 mV/g. and Figure 24 shows the output response when the accelerometer is
At VS = 2 V, the output sensitivity is typically 195 mV/g. oriented parallel to each of these axes.
The zero g bias output is also ratiometric; therefore, the zero g AZ
output is nominally equal to VS/2 at all supply voltages.
The output noise is not ratiometric but is absolute in volts;
therefore, the noise density decreases as the supply voltage
increases. This is because the scale factor (mV/g) increases AY
09358-030
is roughly proportional to the cube of the supply voltage. For AX
example, at VS = 3.6 V, the self test response for the ADXL337 is Figure 23. Axes of Acceleration Sensitivity, Corresponding Output Voltage
approximately −560 mV for the X-axis, +560 mV for the Y-axis, Increases When Accelerated Along the Sensitive Axis
and +950 mV for the Z-axis.
XOUT = –1g
YOUT = 0g
ZOUT = 0g
TOP
GRAVITY
XOUT = 0g XOUT = 0g
YOUT = 1g TOP TOP YOUT = –1g
ZOUT = 0g ZOUT = 0g
TOP
XOUT = 1g
YOUT = 0g
ZOUT = 0g
TOP
XOUT = 0g XOUT = 0g
09358-031
YOUT = 0g YOUT = 0g
ZOUT = 1g ZOUT = –1g
Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 16
ADXL337
LAYOUT AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
The recommended soldering profile is shown in Figure 25 followed by a description of the profile features in Table 6. The recommended
PCB layout or solder land drawing is shown in Figure 26.
CRITICAL ZONE
tP TL TO TP
TP
RAMP-UP
TL
TEMPERATURE
TSMAX tL
TSMIN
tS
PREHEAT RAMP-DOWN
09358-002
t25°C
TIME
0.40 3
MAX
0.50 0.25
0.25
MAX
0.50
3
1.60
0.25
1.60
09358-004
Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 16
ADXL337
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
3.10 0.30
3.00 SQ 0.25
PIN 1 2.90 0.18
INDICATOR PIN 1
13 16 INDICATOR
0.50
12 1
BSC
EXPOSED 1.70
PAD
1.60 SQ
1.50
9 4
0.45 8 5
0.20 MIN
0.40 BOTTOM VIEW
TOP VIEW
1.50 0.35
1.45 FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF
1.40 THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO
THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND
0.05 MAX FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
0.02 NOM SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET.
COPLANARITY
SEATING 0.08
04-27-2010-A
PLANE 0.152 REF
ORDERING GUIDE
Model 1 Measurement Range Specified Voltage Temperature Range Package Description Package Option
ADXL337BCPZ–RL ±3 g 3V −40°C to +85°C 16-Lead LFCSP_LQ CP-16-28
ADXL337BCPZ–RL7 ±3 g 3V −40°C to +85°C 16-Lead LFCSP_LQ CP-16-28
EVAL-ADXL337Z Evaluation Board
1
Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 16
ADXL337
NOTES
Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 16
ADXL337
NOTES
Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 16