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    Theories of Consequence Ethics

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    Adib M Kamali
    This document discusses three ethical frameworks - utilitarianism, altruism, and ethical egoism - and their applications to business decision making. [1] Utilitarianism focuses on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number, so that an action is judged based on its overall consequences rather than the act itself. It values clarity and flexibility but is subjective and can justify apparent injustices. [2] Altruism defines right acts as those that increase overall happiness by helping others, regardless of costs to the actor. It is clear but uncertain about others' happiness and can encourage self-sacrifice. [3] Egoism says an act is right if it increases the

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    Theories of Consequence Ethics

    Uploaded by

    Adib M Kamali
    72 views17 pages
    This document discusses three ethical frameworks - utilitarianism, altruism, and ethical egoism - and their applications to business decision making. [1] Utilitarianism focuses on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number, so that an action is judged based on its overall consequences rather than the act itself. It values clarity and flexibility but is subjective and can justify apparent injustices. [2] Altruism defines right acts as those that increase overall happiness by helping others, regardless of costs to the actor. It is clear but uncertain about others' happiness and can encourage self-sacrifice. [3] Egoism says an act is right if it increases the

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    Theories of Consequence Ethics

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    This document discusses three ethical frameworks - utilitarianism, altruism, and ethical egoism - and their applications to business decision making. [1] Utilitarianism focuses on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number, so that an action is judged based on its overall consequences rather than the act itself. It values clarity and flexibility but is subjective and can justify apparent injustices. [2] Altruism defines right acts as those that increase overall happiness by helping others, regardless of costs to the actor. It is clear but uncertain about others' happiness and can encourage self-sacrifice. [3] Egoism says an act is right if it increases the

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    72 views17 pages

    Theories of Consequence Ethics

    Uploaded by

    Adib M Kamali
    This document discusses three ethical frameworks - utilitarianism, altruism, and ethical egoism - and their applications to business decision making. [1] Utilitarianism focuses on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number, so that an action is judged based on its overall consequences rather than the act itself. It values clarity and flexibility but is subjective and can justify apparent injustices. [2] Altruism defines right acts as those that increase overall happiness by helping others, regardless of costs to the actor. It is clear but uncertain about others' happiness and can encourage self-sacrifice. [3] Egoism says an act is right if it increases the

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    March 22, 2018 Businees Ethics

    Traditional Tools for Making Decisions in Business


    when the Ends Justify the Means

    Wayan Richie Muhammad Adib Kamali


    2018S00007 2018S00008
     What’s more important in ethics—what you do or what happens
    afterward because of what you did?
     People who believe ethics should be about what happens afterward
    They don’t care so much about your act; they want
    to know about the consequences.
    Since Consequentialists are more worried about the outcome
    than the action, the central ethical concern is what kind of
    outcome should I want?
    Traditionally, there are three kinds of
    answers:

     the

     the

     and the

    Each one will be considered in this


    chapter.
     Define utilitarian ethics.
     Show how utilitarianism works in business.
     Consider advantages[+] and drawbacks[─] of utilitarianism.
    Utilitarianism2 is a consequentialist
    ethics—the outcome matters, not the
    act. Among those who focus on
    outcomes, the utilitarians’
    distinguishing belief is that. we should
    pursue the greatest good for the
    greatest number
    So we can act in whatever way
    we choose—we can be
    generous or miserly, honest or
    dishonest—but whatever we do,
    to get the utilitarian’s approval,
    the result should be more
    people happier.
    You’re on the way to take the final exam in senior
    high school , which will determine your college
    application and, it feels like, more or less your entire life

    Your car breaks down and you get there very late
    and you remember that…you forgot your pen .
    Case facts taken from Manuel Velasquez, Business Ethics, Concepts and Cases, 6th ed. (Upper Saddle River,
    NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall,2006), 60–61.
    [+] [─]

    [+] [─]
     Clarity and simplicity.  Subjectivity.

     Acceptability.  Quantification.

     Flexibility.  Apparent injustices.


     Breadth.  The Utilitarian sacrifice
     Define altruistic ethics.
     Show how altruism works in and with business.
     Consider advantages and drawbacks of altruism.
    Define altruistic ethics.

    Defining an act as morally right if the action’s


    consequences increase net happiness (or decrease net
    unhappiness) when everything is taken into account
    except the actor’s increased or diminished happiness.
    TOMS Shoe
    Advocating and Challenging Ethical Altruism
    Advantage Disadvantage

     Clarity and simplicity  Uncertainty


    about the
    happiness of
     Acceptability.
    others.Acceptability.
     Flexibility.
     Shortchanging yourself.
     Define ethical egoism.
     Show how egoism works in and with business.
     Consider advantages and drawbacks of egoism.
     Ethicalegoism whatever action
    Egoism defines ethics as serves my self is the morally right
    an act that increases action.
    overall happiness (or
    reduces unhappiness)  What’s good for me in the sense that
    without counting the it gives me pleasure and happiness is
    number of other people also good in the sense that it’s the
    increased or decreased
    happiness. morally right thing to do.
    The Four Relations between Egoism and
    Business

     You can have egoists in egoist organizations


     You can have egoists in nonegoist organizations.
     You can have nonegoists in egoist organizations
     You can have nonegoists in nonegoist organizations.
    Advocating[pro] and Challenging[contra]

     Clarity and simplicity.  Egoism isn’t ethics.


     Practicality.  Egoism ignores blatant wrongs.
     Sincerity.  Psychological egoism is not true.

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