CIVE.
5120 Structural Stability (3-0-3)
01/17/17
Structural Stability
– Introduction –
Prof. Tzuyang Yu
Structural Engineering Research Group (SERG)
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Massachusetts Lowell
Lowell, Massachusetts
Outline
• Concept of structural failures
• Structural failures due to instability
• Types of instability
• Approaches in structural stability
• Classical beam-column problem
• Examples
• Design philosophies
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Concept
• Material failures:
– Brittle failure
– Ductile failure
– Fatigue failure
• Structural failures:
– Local material failure (e.g., cracking, yielding, imperfection)
– Global material failure (e.g., aging)
– Local system failure (e.g., buckling, manufacturing errors)
– Global system failure (e.g., buckling, excessive loading)
3
Structural Failures
• Global buckling of a wind turbine tower
(Note: Temperature = -54°F) Wyoming (02/01/11)
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Structural Failures
• Global buckling of a wind turbine tower
(Source: Dassault Systems)
(Source: Unknown)
5
Structural Failures
• Global buckling of a wind turbine blade
(Source: NSE Composites)
Sigel, Michigan (02/24/16)
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Structural Failures
• Torsional buckling of an I-beam • Local buckling of the
member compression flange
7
Structural Failures
• Global buckling of a truss system
Hartford
Civic Center
Stadium, CN
(01/18/78) 8
Structural Failures
• Global buckling of a truss system
University of Washington, Husky Stadium, Seattle, WA (02/25/87)
(Source: John Stamets)
9
Structural Failures
• Global buckling of a truss system
University of Washington, Husky Stadium, Seattle, WA (02/25/87)
(Source: John Stamets)
10
Structural Failures
• Global buckling of a truss system
11
Malaysia (2009)
Structural Failures
• Global buckling of a truss system
Malaysia
(2009)
12
Structural Failures
• Combined buckling of rails
South Korea
Washington, D.C. (06/23/09)
13
Structural Failures
• Combined buckling of rails
(Source: Iowa DOT, Oct. 2013) 14
Structural Failures
• Buckling of bridge girders during construction
Washington (03/18/15) 15
Structural Failures
• Buckling of bridge girders during construction
Washington (03/18/15) 16
Structural Failures
• Buckling of steel towers
South Australia (10/05/16)
(Source: Unknown) 17
Structural Failures
• Buckling of reinforced concrete columns
2010 Canterbury earthquake,
Christchurch, New Zealand
(Source: Hyland Consultants, Ltd.)
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Structural Failures
• Buckling of reinforced concrete columns
1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan
19
Structural Failures
• Failures of reinforced concrete columns in an expressway
1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan
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Types of Instability
• Classical/bifurcation instability (buckling)
– Symmetric bifurcation
• Stable and unstable
– Asymmetric bifurcation
• Stable and unstable
• Limit-load/snap through instability (buckling)
• Finite-disturbance instability (buckling)
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Types of Instability
• Examples of classical/bifurcation instability
– Buckling of long straight columns loaded axially
– Buckling of thin plate loaded by in-plane loads
– Buckling of rings
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Types of Instability
• Examples of limit-load/snap through instability (buckling)
– Snapping of a low pinned arch under lateral loads
– Snapping of clamped shallow spherical caps under uniform lateral
pressure
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Types of Instability
• Examples of finite-disturbance instability (buckling)
– Buckling of thin cylindrical shells under axial compression
– Buckling of complete, spherical, thin shells under external pressure
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Approaches in Structural Stability
• The Force/Bifurcation Approach
– Static equilibrium
– Eigenvalue analysis
• The Energy Approach
– Principle of virtual work / Hamilton’s principle
– Elastic strain energy, internal work, external work, potential energy
• The Dynamic Approach
• Small deflection analysis vs. large deflection analysis
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Classical Beam-Column Problem
• Timoshenko beam-column with a concentrated lateral load
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Examples
• Spring-bar system subjected to axial loading – Small deflection
– The force approach
– The energy approach
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Examples
• Spring-bar system subjected to axial loading – Large deflection
– The force approach
– The energy approach
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Design Philosophies
• Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
• Plastic Design (PD)
• Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
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Summary
• Structures can fail due to instability/buckling which occurs below the
elastic, plastic, or fatigue limit and the fracture strength, in addition
to plastic yielding and brittle fracture.
• Structural instability can be local, global, or the combination of both.
• Stability analysis of structural problems means i) finding the
minimum buckling load and its mode, ii) determining the post-
buckling behavior, and iii) developing strategies for stabilization.
• Three approaches to find the buckling load of a structure; the force/
bifurcation, energy, and dynamic approaches.
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